• 한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

최근 VR(Virtual Reality)에 대한 사람들의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 주변기기 또한 많은 발전이 이루어졌다. VR 환경에서 그 환경내의 사물과 인터랙션 할 수 있는 여러 인터페이스 장치와 룸 단위의 스캐닝을 통한 VR 환경 구성까지 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 현재 VR의 동향을 보았을 때 가정에서의 VR 활용법은 여러 햅틱 인터페이스를 이용하여 VR 환경 내에 구성된 사물들과 인터랙션 하는 것이 많으며 룸 스캐닝을 이용한 방법으로 공간상의 제약을 어느 정도 벗어나기도 하며, 트레킹 장비를 이용하여 실제 사물들과의 인터랙션을 하기도 한다. 3D 프린터의 발전으로 상업용 3D 프린터와 가정용 3D 프린터의 보급이 활성화 되었으며, 3D 프린팅 업체 또는 가정에서 쉽게 3D 프린터를 통해 자신이 원하는 모형을 만들 수 있게 되었다. 위 두 가지를 고려하였을 때 VR 환경에서 사람들이 쉽게 만들 수 있는 모형을 가지고 직접 인터랙션을 할 때 사람들이 느끼는 모형의 물체감과 VR 환경상에서 구성된 모형의 물체감 사이의 차이점에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 느껴진다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 3D 프린터로 제작한 사물을 VR 공간 내에 구현하고 실제로 구현된 그 사물과의 사용자 테스트를 통해 실제 사물과 인터랙션 할 때와 다른 일반 인터랙션 장비를 사용할 때의 차이에 대한 연구를 하고자 한다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2011

1997년 말에 시작된 외환위기 이후 약 10여 년간에 걸쳐서 생산요소가격이 지속적으로 하락하였다. 생산요소시장에서 요소가격의 전반적인 하락현상은 기업의 수익구조와 기업의 가격설정행위에 지대한 영향을 미친 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 본 논문은 요소가격의 변화로 인해 기업의 이윤율과 시장의 구조를 반영하는 마크업의 크기와 마크업의 경기역행성에 어떠한 변화가 일어났는가를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 해외중간재를 포함하고 규모보수불변과 AR(1) 기술진보를 전제하는 생산함수에 근거하여 소규모 개방경제에서의 마크업방정식을 설정하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 외환위기 이후의 생산요소가격의 하락은 한계비용의 하락을 초래하였고 이에 따라 제조업의 마크업 상승을 가져왔으며 특히 제조업가운데서 내구재보다는 비내구재의 마크업의 상승에 영향을 주었다고 할 수 있다. 또한 HP-filtered GDP와 마크업방정식의 구성요소와의 회귀분석결과는 마크업은 경기역행적으로 실질임금과 노동분배율은 경기순행적임을 입증하였으며 이자율과 해외중간재 수입물가지수는 경기역행적으로 그리고 나머지 요소분배율 모두 경기순행성을 밝히고 있다. 결론적으로 생산요소시장에서의 가격변화가 제조업의 마크업변동의 경직성에 기여해왔다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.851-860
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• 2020

인구 고령화와 건강 복지에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지면서 재활복지기를 포함한 실버 및 헬스케어 산업과 관련한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 1차적으로 설계·제작되었던 이·승강 전동휠체어를 사용자 측면에서 보다 더 안전성과 편의성을 갖도록 개선하고자 하였다. 사용자 체형을 고려한 헤드레스트 높이조절 기능의 시트 디자인, 사용성 증대를 위한 암레스트의 길이조절 및 95° 회전 기능, 사용자 탑승 편의성을 위한 바닥까지의 시트하강 및 운행 시 승강할 수 있는 기능, 캐스터 회전반경 및 안전성 증대를 위한 발판 추가 및 풋레스트 길이 조절 기능, 승·하강 시 흔들림 방지를 위한 프레임 및 승·하강 링크 설계 등을 개선시켰다. 또한 안전주행을 위한 컨트롤러 및 드라이브 부문과 사용자 편의성 측면의 기능들을 추가적으로 설계·제작하였다. 추가 기능을 보완하여 제작된 실내 전동휠체어의 동작 상태를 평가하기 위해 구동 실험을 수행하였다. 연속 주행시간, 회전반경, 승·하강 최대 하중, 최대 승강 높이, 소음레벨, 운행 보조센서 센싱 최소거리, 서버 및 앱 프로그램 상호연동 및 기기호환성, 듀티 사이클 최대 오차율의 성능실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 더 개선하여 설계·제작한 전동휠체어는 시험 목표 값을 달성하였으며, 성공적으로 동작하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 연구로는 개선하여 제작된 이·승강 전동휠체어에 대해 사용자 측면에서의 사용성 평가를 수행할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2019

한국의 교통 패러다임이 차량 중심에서 보행 중심의 사회로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 과정에서 보행자 안전 및 보행환경 개선의 관심 또한 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 한국의 교통안전 수준은 여전히 심각한 수준이다. 따라서 보행자 안전 및 보행환경을 개선하기 위한 노력이 절실한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 어린이 보호구역 내 안전한 보행환경을 조성하기 위해 교통사고분석시스템(TAAS)에서 제공하는 2013-2015년 차대사람 교통사고 데이터를 활용하여 어린이 보호구역 주변 근린환경과 보행자 교통사고와의 연관성을 지리정보시스템(GIS)와 공간계량분석을 통해 파악하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도로요인과 대중교통요인 모두 어린이 보호구역 내 보행자 교통사고에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 토지이용요인의 경우 주거지역, 상업지역, 공업지역 모두 보행자 교통사고에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 용도혼합도의 경우에는 보행자 교통사고 저감에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 개발밀도가 높은 경우에도 어린이 보호구역 내 보행자 교통사고에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

본 연구는 인터넷쇼핑몰 비주얼 머천다이징의 주요차원을 고객이 쇼핑몰에 진입한 후 정보탐색과 대안평가를 거치는 등의 쇼핑과정을 토대로 AIDA모형 관점에서 점포, 제품, 촉진에 초점을 맞추었다. VMD의 주요차원(primary dimensions)으로는 점포디자인, 머천다이징, 그리고 머천다이징단서로 구분하였다. 선행연구 결과를 토대로 점포다자인의 하위차원으로는 차별성, 간결성, 위치확인성을, 머천다이즈의 하위차원으로는 제품구색, 명성, 정보성을, 그리고 머천다이징단서의 하위차원으로는 제품추천 및 링크를 설정하여 VMD태도와의 관계를 탐색적으로 조사하였다. 연구결과 이들 세 차원은 종속변수에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-60
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• 1983

The uterus receives adrenergic terminals from the mesenteric ganglia and considerably large amount of catecholamines have been shown to be contained in this organ. On the other hand, the activities of epinephrine, norepinephrine or adrenergic nerve on uterine motility is so complicated that many controversial results have been reporter. Recently, a large number of reports concerning the changes of uterine catecholamines content have appeared, but little is known about the role of uterine catecholamines in their activities on uterine motility. The present experiments were undertaken to determine the significance of the intrinsic uterine catecholamines in the physiology of uterus. Female albino rabbits weighing approximately 2 kg were employed in this experiment. uterine strip3 were prepared and suspended in a constant temperature $bath(38^{\circ}C)$ containing 100 ml of Locke's solution aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Spontaneous motility was recorded on a smoked drum with an isotonic lever. The catecholamines concentration of the uterus was determined according to the Procedure described of Shore and Olin (1958). Human uterus obtained from patients was also used to determine the catecholam ines content of myometrium. Followings are summarized results. 1) On the non-pregnant rabbit uterine strips, epinephrine and norepinephrine significantly elevated the tonus and stimulated the spontaneous motility. Pretreatment with dichloroisoproterenol(DCI), an adrenergic beta-receptor blocker, enhanced the stimulatory activity of epinephrine or norepinephrine. On the other hand, pretreatment with dibenamine, an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocker, rendered the uterine muscle to exhibit inhibition after the administration of epinephrine or norepinephrine. Following the treatment with both DCI and dibenamine, epinephrine or norepinephrine produced no appreciable effects on the spontaneous motility of the uterus. These results suggest there exist both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors in the uterine muscle and the response to epinephrine of the former is predominant over that of latter in the non-pregnant uterus of rabbits. The total catecholamines concentration of the non-pregnant uterus was $351\;m{\mu}g/g$ and the fractional concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were $125\;m{\mu}g/g(35.7%)$ and $226\;m{\mu}g/g$ respectively. It is interesting to note that the catecholamines content of uterus was characterized by a high fractional corcentration of epinephrine relative to norepinephrine. 2) On the pregnant rabbit uterine strips, the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine varied according to the period of pregnancy. The response to epinephrine of adrenergic beta receptor of uterus increased during pregnancy, and the effect of catecholamine was inhibitory in the early pregnancy but became stimulatory as the pregnancy progressed. This stimulating action on the uterine motility was found to occur through the action of norepinephrine. The uterine catecholamines concentration was markedly reduced during pregnancy. The catecholamines concentration was started to decrease in the early pregnancy, reached the lowest level in the mid-pregnancy and then started to increaae again in the late pregnancy when the total catecholamines content became the highest level of all. This increase of catefholamines in late pregnancy was chiefly due to the increase of norepinephrine. These results suggest that the uterine motility may be related to the catecholamines content, especially norepinephrine content in the uterus. 3) Bilateral oophorectomy of rabbits results in a marked shrink of the uterus in size. The spontaneous motility of the uterine segment of these animals was very weak and irregular. Norepinephrine produced inhibitory effect, whereas epinephrine was stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the uterine segment. The total catecholamines tontent in whole uterus was markedly reduced. The injection of estrogen into the oophorectornized rabbit increased the weight of uterus to approximately three times of that of oophorectornized animal. The apontaneous motility and the response to epinephrine and norepinephrine of the uterine segment were greatly enhanced. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine produced a marked stimulatory effects of the uterine motility. The uterine content of catecholamines, particularly epinephrine, was markedly increased. The injection of progesterone into the oophorectornized rabbit increaeed the weight of uterus to approximately 2.5 times of that of eophorectornized animal. The spontaneous motility of the uterine segment was weak and irregular. Epinephrine produced stimulatory effect at high concentrations but norepinephrine always prcdnced inhibitory effect on the uterine segment. The uterine content of catecholamines, particularly of norepinephrine, was markedly reduced. These results suggested that ovarian hormones play an important role not only on the growth and spontaneous norepinephrine of uterus but also on the catecholamines content and responee to epinephrine and norepinephrine of the uterus. 4) The intraperitoneal injection of reserpine(3 mg/kg) into the non-pregnant, pregnant and oophorectornieed rabbits markedly decreased the uterine content of catecholamines, particularly of the norepinephrine. The stimulatory response to epinephrine and. norepinephrine of the uterine segment of these reserpinized ratbits was markedly reduced whereas the inhibitory response to these catecholamines was enhanced. This finding further support the close relationship between the uterine catecholamines content and uterine response to epineptrire and norepinephrine. 5) In the human uterus, the concentration of epinephrine was actrally greater than that of norepinephrine and it was significantly greater during the proliferative phase of the menstrtal cycle. In the human pregnant uterus, the concentrations of toth epinephrine and ncrefinephrine were markedly reduced and showed about 45 percent rednction after 6-8 weeks of ectopic Pregnancy. At full term ana during labor, the concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine at placental sites were less than those found in the non-pregnant group. Of interest was the finding that the norepinephrine concentration of uterus from toxemic patients was two and half times higher than that of lower uterine segment of the nontoxemic pregnant individuals. Also the epinephrine concentraticn was slightly increaeed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.664-674
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• 2021

The relevance of this scientific research is determined by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current trends and dynamics of world tourism development. This article aims to identify patterns of development of the modern tourist market, analysis of problems and prospects of development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods and methods of research are used in the work: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data. The analysis of the viewpoints of foreign and domestic authors on the research of the international tourist market allowed us to substantiate the actual directions of tourism development due to the influence of negative factors connected with the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Economic-statistical, abstract-logical, and economic-mathematical methods of research were used during the process of study and data processing. Results. The analysis of the current state of the tourist market by world regions was carried out. It was found that tourism is one of the most affected sectors from COVID-19, as, by the end of 2020, the total number of tourist arrivals in the world decreased by 74% compared to the same period in 2019. The consequence of this decline was a loss of total global tourism revenues by the end of 2020, which equaled $1.3 trillion. 27% of all destinations are completely closed to international tourism. At the end of 2020, the economy of international tourism has shrunk by about 80%. In 2020 the world traveled 98 million fewer people (-83%) relative to the same period last year. Tourism was hit hardest by the pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region, where travel restrictions are as strict as possible. International arrivals in this region fell by 84% (300 million). The Middle East and Africa recorded declines of 75 and 70 percent. Despite a small and short-lived recovery in the summer of 2020, Europe lost 71% of the tourist flow, with the European continent recording the largest drop in absolute terms compared with 2019, 500 million. In North and South America, foreign arrivals declined. It is revealed that a significant decrease in tourist flows leads to a massive loss of jobs, a sharp decline in foreign exchange earnings and taxes, which limits the ability of states to support the tourism industry. Three possible scenarios of exit of the tourist industry from the crisis, reflecting the most probable changes of monthly tourist flows, are considered. The characteristics of respondents from Ukraine, Germany, and the USA and their attitude to travel depending on gender, age, education level, professional status, and monthly income are presented. About 57% of respondents from Ukraine, Poland, and the United States were planning a tourist trip in 2021. Note that people with higher or secondary education were more willing to plan such a trip. The results of the empirical study confirm that interest in domestic tourism has increased significantly in 2021. The regression model of dependence of the number of domestic tourist trips on the example of Ukraine with time tendency (t) and seasonal variations (Turˆt = 7288,498 - 20,58t - 410,88∑5) it forecast for 2020, which allows stabilizing the process of tourist trips after the pandemic to use this model to forecast for any country. Discussion. We should emphasize the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many experts and scientists believe in the long-term recovery of the tourism industry. In our opinion, the governments of the countries need to refocus on domestic tourism and deal with infrastructure development, search for new niches, formats, formation of new package deals in new - domestic - segment (new products' development (tourist routes, exhibitions, sightseeing programs, special rehabilitation programs after COVID) -19 in sanatoriums, etc.); creation of individual offers for different target audiences). Conclusions. Thus, the identified trends are associated with a decrease in the number of tourist flows, the negative impact of the pandemic on employment and income from tourism activities. International tourism needs two to four years before it returns to the level of 2019.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.755-772
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• 2001

The specific purpose of this study was as follows: 1) To identify the level of sexual awareness and demand for sex education of teenagers, their parents and teachers. 2) To investigate the attitude toward and acceptance of heterosexual friendships by teenagers, their parents and teachers. 3) To identify the experience and direction of sex education of parents and teachers. For this purpose, this study selected 341 male and female teenagers at three high schools located in a city, 119 parents with high school students and 243 elementary/middle/high school teachers. The structured questionnaire was distributed to each of them and returned by them. This study was conducted over the period between June 1. 2001 and Aug 31. 2001. A total of 720 questionnaires were distributed to them and 703 were returned. Data analysis was conducted to obtain percentage and frequency using the SAS program. As a result, the following findings were obtained: Parents and teachers showed a similar attitude about sexual awareness, but teenagers showed a different attitude. In terms of the level of feeling of and interest in 'sex', teenagers, parents and teachers were comfortable in accepting it. As for sexual curiosity in puberty, 84.8% of the parents and 95.5% of the teachers responded that it was natural, whereas only 14.7% of teenagers responded that it was natural. But As for the item that 'sex is natural as one of human needs', 3.6% of the teenagers, 16.8% of the parents and only 1.2% of the teachers responded that it was not. As for the item that 'A man has a stronger sexual impulse than a woman', 6.1% of the teenagers, 16.8% of the parents and 17.3% of the teachers responded that it was not. 64.2% of the teenagers and 90.2% of the teachers responded that it was impossible to overcome the sexual impulse, whereas only 8.4% of the parents responded that it was possible. As for the item of masturbation, 64.5% of the teenagers responded that it was possible for male students and not possible for female students. 67.2% of the parents and 91.1% of the teachers responded that it was possible regardless of sex. As for the item of an attitude toward virginal purity, both the parents and teachers showed that virginal purity was important for both man and woman, but teenagers showed a weak awareness of virginal purity. As for the item, 'It is possible to have sexual intercourse with a lover during adolescence', 20.2% of the teenagers, 79% of the parents and 87.7% of the teachers responded that it was impossible. As for the item 'It is necessary to keep premarital virginal purity for a happy married life', 21.1% of the teenagers, 74.8% of the parents and 55.1% of the teachers responded that it was necessary, which shows that teenagers had a different opinion than parents and teachers. In case of pregnancy in adolescence, most of the responding teenagers, parents and teachers chose abortion. As for the item 'female refusal on male sexual approach', respondents accepted female refusal as they did for orders of teachers, parents and adolescents. As for item 'An assaulter is entirely to blame for sexual assault', all of three groups responded in the affirmative.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.206-225
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• 2012

General status of pediatric dentistry in Korea is to conduct vigorous academic activities and specialized medical care centering the Korean Association of Pediatric Dentistry (KAPD) that has about 1,000 pediatric dentists as members, pediatric dentistry departments of 11 Colleges of Dentistry, numbers of pediatric dentistry training institutions and private clinics specialized in children. From 1996, the accredited pediatric dentists were produced by the KAPD and from 2008, the state began to produce the accredited pediatric dentists. Since then, doctors with expertise in pediatric care had opened private clinics in addition to the university hospitals, it became the basis of a momentum to deepen the specialty of pediatric dentistry. The Dentistry community of Korea is going through rapid and profound changes recently, and the underlying reasons for such changes can be classified largely into a few categories: (1) Decreasing population and structural changes in population (2) Increase in numbers of dentists, (3) Changes in the pattern of dental diseases and (4) Changes in medical environment. In Korea, the children population in the age range of 0 ~ 14 years old had been decreased by 2 million in 2010 compared to that of 2000 due to reduction of birth rate. The current population of children in the age range of 0 ~ 4 years old in 2010 takes up 16.2% of the total population, but it is estimated that such percentage would decrease to 8.0% by 2050. Such percentage is largely behind the estimated mean global population of 19.6% by 2050. On the other hand, the number of dentists had been largely increased from 18,000 in 2000 to 25,000 in 2010. And it is estimated that the number will be increased to 41,000 by 2030. In addition, the specialized personnel of Pediatric dentistry had been shown as increased by 2.5 times during past 10 years. For the changes in the pattern of dental diseases, including dental caries, each df rate of 5 years old children and 12 years old children had been decreased by 21.9% and 16.7% respectively in 2010 compared to 2000. Each df Index also had been decreased by 2.5 teeth and 1.2 teeth respectively. The medical expenditure of Korea is less than that of OECD and more specifically, the expenditure from the National Health Plan is less than OECD but the expenditure covered by households is larger than OECD. These facts indicate that it is considered as requiring the coverage of the national health plan to be reinforced more in the future and as such reinforcement needs continuous promotion. In medical examination pattern of Pediatric dentistry, the preventive and corrective treatment were increased whereas the restorative treatment was decreased. It is considered that such change is caused from decrease of dental caries from activation of the prevention project at national level. For the restorative treatment, the restorations in use of dental amalgam, pre-existing gold crowning and endodontic treatment had been decreased in their proportion while the restorative treatment in use of composite resin had been increased. It is considered that such changes is caused by the change of demands from patients and family or guardians as they desired more aesthetic improvement along with socio-economic growth of Korean society. Due to such changes in dentistry, the pediatric dentistry in Korea also attempts to have changes in the patterns of medical examination as follows; It tends to implement early stage treatment through early diagnosis utilizing various diagnostic tools such as FOTI or QLF. The early stage dental caries so called white spot had been included in the subjects for dental care or management and in order to do so, the medical care guidelines essentially accompanied with remineralization treatment as well as minimally invasive treatment is being generalized gradually. Also, centering the Pediatric dentists, the importance of caries risk assessment is being recognized, in addition that the management of dental caries is being changed from surgical approach to internal medicinal approach. Recently, efforts began to emerge in order to increase the target patients to be managed by dentists and to expand the application scope of Pediatric dentistry along with through such changes. The interest and activities of Pediatric dentists which had been limited to the medical examination room so far, is now being expanded externally, as they put efforts for participating in the preventive policy making process of the community or the state, and to support the political theories. And also opinions are being collected into the direction that the future- oriented strategic political tasks shall be selected and researches as well as presentations on the theoretical rationale of such tasks at the association level.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.405-433
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• 2007

본 연구는 온라인 쇼핑몰의 쿠폰판촉이 소비자의 구매행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 쿠폰 인지정도에 따라서는 F-검증을 실시한 결과 쿠폰의 인지여부에 따라 쿠폰 제공시 사용의사와 쿠폰 제공시 재사용의사에서는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 쿠폰의 사용경험에 따른 구매행동의 차이를 전체적으로 살펴보면 쿠폰사용 경험이 있다가 없다보다 높은 평균을 보여 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 쿠폰 사용경험에 따라 구매행동에 차이가 있음을 시사하고 있다. 셋째, 구매행동과 쿠폰의 비용/편익 자각의 관계를 살펴보면 뚜렷한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 쿠폰의 비용/편익 자각이 높을수록 구매행동이 높아짐을 의미한다. 넷째, 구매행동은 쿠폰사용을 즐김과 쿠폰 사용습관과 가장 관계가 높음을 발견하였다.