• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.508-513
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• 2018

Fibronectin fragments found in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) induce the catabolic responses in cartilage. Nuclear high-mobility group protein Box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern, is responsible for the regulation of signaling pathways related to cell death and survival in response to various stimuli. In this study, we investigated whether changes induced by 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) in HMGB1 expression influences the pathogenesis of OA via an HMGB1-modulated autophagy signaling pathway. Human articular chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from articular cartilage. The level of mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of proteins was examined by western blot analysis, immnunofluorescence assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interaction of proteins was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. The HMGB1 level was significantly lower in human OA cartilage than in normal cartilage. Although 29-kDa FN-f significantly reduced the HMGB1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels 6 h after treatment, the cytoplasmic level of HMGB1 was increased in chondrocytes treated with 29-kDa FN-f, which significantly inhibited the interaction of HMGB1 with Beclin-1, increased the interaction of Bcl-2 with Beclin-1, and decreased the levels of Beclin-1 and phosphorylated Bcl-2. In addition, the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, an autophagy marker, was down-regulated in chondrocytes treated with 29-kDa FN-f, whereas the effect was antagonized by mTOR knockdown. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with 29-kDa FN-f significantly increased the release of HMGB1 into the culture medium. These results demonstrated that 29-kDa FN-f inhibits chondrocyte autophagy by modulating the HMGB1 signaling pathway.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of disease condition and ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consisted of eighty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at a university hospital in Taegu between July 20, 1999 and August 25, 1999. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy developed by Lorig et al. (1989), the pain scale developed by Lee and Song(1987), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), the pain joint count to measure disease condition scale, and the ADL scale developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe, with the SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. The first hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of disease condition by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was partially supported. 1-1. "There will be differences in the level of pain by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=3.422, p=.037). 1-2. "There will be differences in the level of ESR by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was the Disease Condition and supported (F=3.314, p=.041). 1-3. "There will be differences in the level of pain joints count by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was rejected(F=2.602, p=.080). 2. The second hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=7.067, p=.001). With the above results, it can be concluded that the higher level of self-efficacy contributed to the better level of disease condition and ADL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, by providing nursing intervention to promote the level of self-efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis patients with low self-efficacy, disease condition and ADL would be much better.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which could characteristics the New Young Generation (NYG), to investigate the relationship between level of NYG characteristics and information searching related to underwear purchasing, and the differences level of the NYG characteristics according to demographic variables (sex, grade, major), and examine the casual relationships of demographic variables (sex, place of growing background, parent's education) and level of the NYG characteristics on information searching related to underwear purchasing. The subjects were 723 college students (female = 324, male=398) living in Seoul and Kyuggi were participated in this study. The NYG is limited to person who born after 1970's. The result of this study were as follows; 1. Five factors of New Young Generation oriented characteristics were identified; F.1 'Info-telecommunication(Info-Telecom)'; F.2 'Family and Marriage'; F.3 'Consumption pattern'; FA 'Self-centered (Individualism)'; F.5 Work/Career oriented. 2. The relationship between the NYG characteristics and information search in underwear purchasing were significanted. 3. In demographic variables, gender, grade, and major were partially significant differences. 4. In male students, the result of the casual relationship between demographic variables with NYG characteristics and the level of the NYG in underwear purchasing showed that grade, background of grownplace, level of parent's education were significanted the high level of info-telecom factor associated with higher grade, city-grown, higher level of parent's education. In conclusion, the result showed that the level of NYG characteristics was significant to male students and specially for grade older students. The background of parent's education level was the another important variables to predicting the NYG characteristics. Finally the higher the NYG characteristics, the more information search in underwear purchasing.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2000

Since cancer is not easily curable, patients who suffer from cancer may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially when cancer patients do not have much to live for and are placing a burden on their family they will experience more suffering emotionally as much as physically. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for nursing intervention strategies to minimize a cancer patient`s suffering and to understand the relationship between suffering, burden and the meaning of life in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of two university hospitals and two general hospitals in Seoul. Data collection were carried out from January, 25, 1999 to February, 26, 1999. The data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, pearson correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the two suffering scale ranged from 132 to 40 with a mean of 87.3(SD 17.5). The mean scores on the burden scale is 28.9(SD 6.9) and the score of the meaning of life ranged from 35 to 51 with a mean of 95.6(SD 18.4). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of suffering and the magnitude of burden (r=.74, p=.00), the suffering and the meaning of life (r=-.59, p=.00) and the burden and meaning of life (r=-.61, p=.00). 3. In the degree of the suffering, the burden and the meaning of life were two very strong factors, the level of the suffering in cancer patients by age (F=2.64, p=.03) and education level (F=4.16, p=.00). The level of the burden in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.70, p=.00) and type of cancer (F=2.97, p= .03). Also the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients was different by education level (F=3.55, p=.02). In conclusion, the burden and the meaning of life was identified as important variable that is contributed to reduce the suffering of cancer patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1988

갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질(TSH, DB cAMP, NaF, carbachol, isoproterenol, propranolol)과 인삼성분(total saponin, diol saponin, triol saponin)의 복합처리가 갑상선의 cAMP의 양에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 흰쥐의 갑상선을 4일 또는 7일간 배양한 후 갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질과 인삼성분을 각각 복합처리, 또는 단독처리하여 cAMP의 양을 조사하였다. 인삼성분만을 처리한 경우, total saponin은 $10^{-5}$%(w/v), diol saponin과 triol saponin은 $10^{-4}$%(w/v)의 농도에서 각각 가장 높은 증가를 나타내었다. 갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질과 복합처리한 인삼성분의 농도는 위의 값으로 하였다. 복합처리한 경우, TSH에 대해서는 증가효과를 나타냈지만 그 양상은 작았다. Total saponin은 DBcAMP와 isoproterennol에 대해서는 증가효과를, carbachol과 propranolol에 대해서는 감소효과를 나타내었고, NaF에 대해서는 영향이 크지 않았다. Diol saponin과 triol saponin은 그 양은 다르지만 isoproterenol을 복합처리한 경우를 제외하고 diol saponin은 감소효과를, triol saponin은 증가효과를 보이는 상반작용을 나타내었다. 억제효과를 가지는 propranolol에 대해서도 diol saponin과 triol saponin은 상반되는 효과를 나타내었다. 인삼성분의 정상화작용은 NaF와 carbachol의 경우에도 두드러지게 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 인삼성분이 갑상선호르몬의 생성과 분비에 관여하는 cAMP의 생성에 촉진 또는 억제를 가진다는 것을 나타내고 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-48
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• 1997

This survey was performed to evaluate and compare cognitive function, self-esteem and depression in the elderly related to aging. The data were collected from 200 elders in eight homes for the elderly in Taegu. Data collection was done from June 1 to 31, 1996. The scale used to measure cognitive function was the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea), Self-esteem was measmed using Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and depression using SDS(Self-rating Depression Scale). A comparison of cognitive function, self-esteem and depression by aging were summarised as follows : 1. There were significant differences on the cognitive function score in the elderly according to age group(F=24.81, P<.01). 2. There were significant differences on the self-esteem score in the elderly according to age group(F=3.84, P<.5). 3. There were significant differences on the depression score in the elderly according to age group (F=5.90, P<.1). 4. The general characteristics which affected the cognitive function scores of the elders were sex (F=8.45, P<.5), educational level(F=8.86, P<.5), spousing(F=34.59. P<.01), and the perception of health(F=4.63, P<.5). 5. The general characteristic which affected the self-esteem scores of the elders was the perception of health(F=3.81. P<.5). 6. The general characteristic which affected the depression scores was the educational level(F=3.96, P<.5).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

Purpose: To describe technical methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with arterial spin labeling (ASL) compared to blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) technique and discuss the potential of ASL for research and clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Task-based (n = 1) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) (n = 20) were performed using ASL and BOLD techniques. Results of both techniques were compared. Results: For task-based fMRI with finger-tapping, the primary motor cortex of the contralateral frontal lobe and the ipsilateral cerebellum were activated by both BOLD and ASL fMRI. For rs-fMRI of sensorimotor network, functional connectivity showed similar results between BOLD and ASL. Conclusion: ASL technique has potential application in clinical and research fields because all brain perfusion imaging, CBF measurement, and rs-fMRI study can be performed in a single acquisition.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.320-332
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) according to physical activity of high school girls. Method: Data were collected from 323 high school girls using structured questionnaires, Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and AVOVA. Results: The mean score of PMS was low (2.200.81). Among the subcategories, negative feeling (2.491.26) was the highest. Physical activity levels were coded as inactive, minimal activity and health enhancing physical activity, among which minimal activity (53.0%) was the highest. Significant differences in PMS were observed according to subjective health condition (F=10.83, p<.001), alcohol intake (t=-1.99, p=.048), caffeine intake (F=3.04, p=.029), dietary habit (F=4.78, p=.009), amount of menstruation (F=4.57, p=.011), discomfort in daily life (F=28.94, p<.001), degree of menstrual pain (F=41.23, p<.001), method of menstrual pain relief (F=4.29, p=.015), and family history (F=11.45, p<.001). Significant difference in PMS was observed according to the physical activity level (F=3.12, p=.046), and health enhancing physical activity (2.540.87) was the highest. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMS intervention programs would be considered factors related to PMS. Conduct of further studies is recommended for evaluation of the relationship between physical activity and PMS.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

에디 공분산 방법(eddy covariance method)을 이용한 이산화탄소($CO_2$), 수증기($H_2O$), 현열(sensible heat)의 순생태계과환량[net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]은 에디 플럭스(eddy flux, $F_c$)와 저장 플럭스(storage flux, $F_s$)의 합으로 어림한다. 스칼라의 흡원과 발원의 세기와 분포, 연직 난류 혼합의 정도에 따라 스칼라의 변화율은 높이에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 정확한 $F_s$를 얻기 위해서는 프로파일 시스템을 운용하여 높이에 따라 달라지는 스칼라의 변화율을 고려하여야 한다. 하지만 아시아의 대부분의 농경지 관측지에서는 프로파일 시스템을 운용하지 않고, $F_c$ 관측 지점과 지면 사이에서 높이와 관계없이 스칼라 변화율이 동일하다는 가정하에 에디 공분산 시스템에서 관측되는 스칼라 변화율 만으로 $F_s$를 산정한다. 본 연구에서는 논에서 에디 공분산 관측 높이에서 측정된 $F_s$(프로파일 시스템에서 관측된 단일 높이의 스칼라만을 이용한 $F_s$, $F_s_{-single}$)와 프로파일 관측(에디 공분산 관측지점과 지면 사이의 여러 높이에서 스칼라 관측)을 이용한 FS와의 차이를 정량화하고, $F_s_{-single}$로 NEE를 산정할 때 발생하는 오차를 확인하기 위해, 경기도 여주에 위치한 청미천 농경지 플럭스 관측지(Chengmicheon Farmland Korea, CFK)에서 에디공분산 방법과 프로파일 시스템을 이용해 $CO_2$, $H_2O$, 기온($T_a$)의 $F_c$와 $F_s$를 측정하였다. $CO_2$, $H_2O$, $T_a$는 흡원과 발원의 강도와 분포, 대기 경계층의 안정도에 따라 높이별로 변화율이 달랐고, 그 결과 $F_s_{-single}$은 $F_s$를 과소 또는 과대 평가하였다[특히, 해질 녘과 해 뜰 녘(0430-0800h와 1630-2000h)에 $CO_2$의 $F_s$를 평균 21% 과소평가]. $F_s_{-single}$로 인해 발생하는 NEE 계산의 오차는 $F_{CO_2}$의 경우, 하루 중 시간에 따라 밤(2030-0400h), 해 질 녘과 해 뜰 녘에 각각 평균적으로 3%, 2%씩 $F_{CO_2}$를 과소평가했다. 이러한 차이는 $F_{CO_2}$의 야간 자료 보정과 분배의 과정에서 논의 탄소수지를 과소평가하게 할 수 있다. 이와는 다르게 LE, H의 경우 시간에 관계없이 거의 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.571-583
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of self-disclosure and clinical competency and the relationships between self-disclosure and clinical competency in nursing students. The subjects were consisted of 662 nursing students from six universities and five junior colleges. The data were collected conveniently by self reporting questionnaires given to the students from September 13 to October 23, 1999. The instruments for this study were JSDQ and clinical competency measurement tool. The data were analyzed by SAS/PC program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score for the level of self- disclosure was 3.29$\pm$0.98. 2. The mean score for the level of clinical competency was 3.93$\pm$1.00. The mean score for the dimension of skills, professional attitudes, teaching and coordinating, nursing process, interpersonal relationships were 4.09$\pm$0.77, 4.08$\pm$0.82, 3.97$\pm$ 0.90, 3.77$\pm$0.76 and 3.37$\pm$0.75 respectively. 3. The statistically significant difference in the score of the self-disclosure according to the educational background (F=9.42, p<.01), grade (F=5.59, p<.01), religion (F=2.68, p<.05), satisfaction of nursing major (F=14.20, p<.0001), and satisfaction of nursing practice (F=5.42, p<.01) was obtained. 4. The statistically significant difference in the score of the clinical competency according to the grade (F=32.44, p<.0001), achieved performance records (F=3.52, p<.05), satisfaction of nursing major (F=12.06, p<.0001), satisfaction of nursing practice (F=27.35, p<.0001) was obtained. 5. The data shows the positive correlations between self-disclosure and skill (r=.3231, p<.0001), between self- disclosure and teaching/coordinating (r=.1912, p<.0001), between self-disclosure and interpersonal relationship (r=.3064, p<.0001), between self-disclosure and professional attitude (r=.2789, p<.0001), between self-disclosure and nursing process (r=.2766, p<.0001).