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Effects of Caraganae Sinicae Radix on the osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats (금작근(金雀根)이 난소적출로 유발된 흰쥐의 골다공증에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Jun;Lee, Dong-Nyoung;Seo, Il-Bok;Hwang, Jeong-Seon
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.17-31
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    • 2002
  • Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the hormones and cytokines associated with bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Method : Twenty-four Female-Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operated(normal) group, ovariectomized(control)group, ovariectomized and treated with extract Caraganae Sinicae Radix(treated) group. Each group was investigated the changes of body weight at 3,5,7weeks after treatment, and femur weight, femur/body weight, thickness of compact bone of body of femur, area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur, serum estrogen, serum calcitonin, serum parathormone, serum Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}$, serum $lnterleukin-1{\beta}$ at 7weeks after treatment. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The treated group showed significant change in body weight compared with the control group at 5,7weeks after treatment. 2. The treated group revealed significant increases in femur/body weight compared with the control group. 3. The treated group showed a little thicker compact bone of body of femur than the control group. 4. The area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur in treated group was increased significantly compared with control group. 5. The level of serum estrogen showed no change compared with control group. 6. The level of serum calcitonin showed no change compared with control group. 7. The level of serum parathormone was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 8. The level of serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 9. The level of serum $interleukin-1{\beta}$ showed no change compared with control group. The results indicate that Caraganae Sinicae Radix inhibits bones resorption in ovariectomized rats by it's lowering effects on serum parathormone and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

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The Experimental Study of EjinTang-Gamybang (Erchentang-jiaweifang) on the Obesity in Rats - Focusing on Lipid-metabolism, Blood pressure, Cerebral Blood Flow - (이진탕가미방(二陳湯加味方)이 비만(肥滿)에 미치는 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) - 지질대사, 혈압, 뇌혈류량을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Ki-Hyeng;Choi, Jin-Bong
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of EjinTang-Gamybang(Erchentang-jiaweifang ; ETG) on the change of some values related to obesity and observe the complications coming from obesity in obese rat induced by high fat diet. Methods : Experimental group were as follows ; normal group were fed normal diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to rat during 7 weeks, control group were fed high fat diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample A were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 500 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample B were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 700 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level, serum phospholipid level and serum leptin level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample B significantly decreased serum total cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. According to above results, the author suggested that ETG was able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity. 4. ETG significantly increased rCBF, and increased CMF in a dose-dependent. 5. ETG significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent. 6. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ETG(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. This results were suggested that ETG significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and activating serum leptin level. So that, the present author thought that ETG had an effects of obesity and complication coming from obesity(ischemic cerebral and cardiac disease).

Effect of SipJeonDaeBo-Decoction on Target Organ Metal Level in Rats (십전대보탕을 투여한 흰쥐의 중요장기중 금속농도변화에 대한 연구)

  • Yoon Seong-Wook;Lee Sun-Dong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.51-69
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    • 2000
  • This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

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The Effect of Rapidly Rotating Shift work on the Fatigue Level, Urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ Excretion (빠른 교대근무가 피로도, 요중 17-KS, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ 배설에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Young-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.100-114
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    • 1999
  • This study was done to investigate the effects of rapidly-rotating shift work of two-day interval on fatigue level and the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$. The subjects were 20 nursing college students(control group) and 15 nurses in a university hospital and the study was done from Apr. 21 to May 4th, 1999. In the test group, each 5 nurses were allocated to day shift(8 AM-4 PM), evening shift(4 PM-12 MN) and night shift(12 MN-8 AM) respectively. The fatigue level were measured 30 minutes after work start on the 2nd day of work shift. Urine specimens were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM and 12 MN on the 2nd day of work shift in the control group and 30 minutes before and after work on the 2nd day of work shift in the test group. The data were analyzed with SPSS(for Window, ver 7.5). Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. The perceived fatigue level in shift work 1) The physical and mental fatigue level were significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift(p<0.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, night shift showed higher tendency than that in day or evening shift, but there were no significant differences between each shifts. 2) Comparison between the control group and the test group: Physical fatigue level was significantly higher in night shift than that in day or evening shift of the control group(P<.001). Mental fatigue level was significantly higher in day or night shift than that in evening shift of the control group(P<.05). In the neuro-sensory fatigue level, test group showed higher tendency than that in the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. 3) The total fatigue level was higher in night shift than that in day shift or evening shift(P<.05). In comparing with the control group, night shift and day shift showed higher total fatigue level than that in the control group(p<0.05). 2. The concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ In the control group, urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ showed higher level in afternoon that in morning and night. In the test group, cr in day and evening shift and $Na^+$ in evening shift showed higher level at the end of work. The 17-KS concentration at the begining and the end of work in three shift groups were lower than those in control group(p<0.05), however, $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining of work in day shift, and the end of work in day and evening shift were higher than those in control group(p<0.05). $Cl^-$ concentration at the begining and end of work in night shift were considerably higher than those in control group repectively(p<0.1, p<001). $Na^+$ concentration showed a higher tendency in three shift groups except at the begining of work in night shift, but there were no statistical difference. In comparing concentration of the 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ among the shift groups, 17-KS concentration showed a lower tendency and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ showed a higher tendency in night shift: The result of this study showes that biorhythm of shift work nurse was irregular. Fatigue level as the subjective index for evaluating the health problem concerning shift work was higher in night shift and proved to be in accordance with the concentration of urinary 17-KS, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ used as objective indices. Disturbation of biorhythm and work stress due to night shift seems to cause the health problem of nurses and decrease of work efficiency. It is considered that work regualtion is necessary for the rational management of the nursing administration.

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A Design of Role-Based Access Control Model (직무기반 접근제어 모델 설계)

  • Lee, Ho;Chung, Jin-Wook
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2001
  • We designed a role-based access control model that can resolve the complicated tasks of control requirements. The designed access control model can control permissions efficiently use of a role-based access control. It guarantees the confidentiality integrity and availa information making use of identity-based and rule-based access controls. It can also centre information flow. Our access control model protects resources from unauthorized accesses b multi-level security policies such as role, security level, integrity level and ownership.

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Leg-By-Leg-Based Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Two-Level Voltage-Source Inverters

  • Zhang, Tao;Chen, Xiyou;Qi, Chen;Lang, Zhengying
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1162-1170
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    • 2019
  • Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is a promising control scheme for two-level voltage-source inverters (TL-VSIs). However, two main issues arise in the classical FCS-MPC method: an exponentially-increasing computational time and a low steady-state performance. To solve these two issues, a novel FCS-MPC method has been proposed for n-phase TL-VSIs in this paper. The basic idea of the proposed method is to carry out the FCS-MPC scheme of TL-VSIs for one leg by one leg, like a "pipeline". Based on this idea, the calculations are reduced from exponential time to linear time and its current waveforms are improved by applying more switching states per sampling period. The cases of three-phase and five-phase TL-VSIs were tested to verify the effectiveness of proposed method.

Effects of Guisinhwan on the Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (귀신환이 난소적출 백서의 골다공증에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Tae Hee;Kang Young Keum;Ahn Kyu Hwan;Kim Song Baeg;Cho Han Baek;Yoo Sim Keun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.1476-1484
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    • 2004
  • Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH : 歸腎丸) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous, calcium, GOT, GPT, T3 did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly decreased in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease In comparison with sham. Those in GSH-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. That in GSH-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in GSH-treated showed no change in comparison with control. According to the above these results, GSH has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

EFFECTS OF STEROID HORMONES ON SERUM SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED CHICKENS (Steroid hormone이 부갑상선 적출 수탉에 있어서 혈청쏘디움 및 포타슘 농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Dong-Sun
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.369-372
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    • 1972
  • This study was investigated that effects of steroid hormones on serum sodium and potassium concentration in parathyroidectomized chickens. The results are as followings; 1) Serum sodium and potassium concentration in SHAM-controls were unchanged. 2) In parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased more than that of control and serum sodium level appeared no change in each group. 3) In group of administration of cortisone in parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased generally more than that of control and serum sodium level appeared no change in each group. 4) In group of administration of testosterone in parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased generally more than that of control and serum sodium level revealed no change in each group.

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Fault Diagnosis and Neutral Point Voltage Control Under the Switch Fault in NPC 3-Level Voltage Source Inverter (NPC 3-레벨 인버터의 스위치 고장시 고장 진단과 중성점 불평형 전압 제어)

  • Kim Tae-Jin;Kang Dae-Wook;Hyun Dong-Seok;Son Ho-In
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.231-237
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    • 2005
  • Many conventional multi-level inverters have detected switching faults by using the over voltage and current. However, fault detection of the switching elements is very difficult because the voltage and current due to each switching fault decrease more than the normal operation. Moreover, the dc-link unbalancing voltage causes a serious problem in the safety and reliability of system when the 3-level inverter faults occur Therefore, this paper proposes the simple fault diagnose method and the neutral-point-voltage control method that can protect the 3-level inverter system from the unbalancing voltage of the do-link capacitors when the faults of switching elements occur in the 3-level inverter that is very efficient in ac motor drives of the high voltage and high power applications. Through experiment results, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated.

A Quantizer Reconstruction Level Control Method for Block Artifact Reduction in DCT Image Coding (양자화 재생레벨 조정을 통한 DCT 영상 코오딩에서의 블록화 현상 감소 방법)

  • 김종훈;황찬식;심영석
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.28B no.5
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    • pp.318-326
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    • 1991
  • A Quantizer reconstruction level control method for block artifact reduction in DCT image coding is described. In our scheme, quantizer reconstruction level control is obtained by adding quantization level step size to the optimum quantization level in the direction of reducing the block artifact by minimizing the mean square error(MSE) and error difference(EDF) distribution in boundary without the other additional bits. In simulation results, although the performance in terms of signal to noise ratio is degraded by a little amount, mean square of error difference at block boundary and mean square error having relation block artifact is greatly reduced. Subjective image qualities are improved compared with other block artifact reduction method such as postprocessing by filtering and trasform coding by block overlapping. But the addition calculations of 1-dimensional DCT become to be more necessary to coding process for determining the reconstruction level.

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