• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.712-721
• /
• 2017

Recently, the intensity and frequency of floods has increasing worldwide, and flood disasters have become a big problem. Flood disasters, which account for the largest portion of disasters, are floods accompanied by typhoons and localized heavy rainfall. As a result, they cause damage of levee overtopping, in which the water level of a river rises to the levee crown. Therefore, countermeasures are essential and necessary because of the damage to the facility itself as well as to life and other property. The damage magnitude depends on the collapse of the levee. A levee that is difficult to collapse will reduce the discharge inland significantly. Accordingly, the protection of the inland slope, where the collapse of the levee is initiated, is one of the most important countermeasures In this study, revetments with various porosity and forms were suggested and hydraulic experiments were carried out for each type. The hydraulic experiments showed that the stability of a revetment in an inland slope is strongly correlated with the weight per unit area of the revetment. The relationship between the critical velocity, which is the velocity at the moment of leaving the revetment, and the weight per unit area was derived. Through this study, by applying the nature friendly revetment, which has not yet been applied to Korea, it is expected that life and property damage caused by levee overtopping during flooding can be reduced, and a nature friendly river space can be constructed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.487-495
• /
• 2011

The sampling and measuring methods of root fiber quantity which greatly governs the stability evaluation of a vegetated levee revetment are proposed by this study and the erosion characteristics related to root fiber quantity are analysed by the experiments. The Phragmites Japonica Steud confirmed the dominant species in a vegetated levee revetment and the Zoysinagrass are selected as the experimental vegetations. The characteristics of erosion depth and erosion rate are analysed according to the root fiber quantity and their corresponding regression equations are suggested. The erosion depth and erosion rate highly decrease with root fiber quantity by experimental results which results in great increasing the erosion resistance of a vegetated levee revetment. The corresponding regression equations for both vegetations of the Phragmites Japonica Steud and the Zoysinagrass are suggested with high determination coefficients. The erosion resistance of the Zoysinagrass is better than that of the Phragmites Japonica Steud.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed shear stress and erosion characteristic of a vegetated levee embankment with root fiber quantity, which is an important factor for evaluating the stability of it. The averaged root fiber quantity in a vegetated levee revetment was measured by the sampler manufactured by this research. The Phragmites Japonica Steud which is somewhat dominant species in a vegetated levee embankment was selected as an experimental vegetation. As a result of experiment of each flow regime, the shear stress was increased while root fiber quantity was increased and the erosion rate was exponentially decreased as the root fiber quantity was increased. The erosion rate was exponentially decreased as the shear stress was increased which is shown that the increase of shear stress by root fiber quantity results in the increase of erosion resistance in a vegetated soil. The relationship between shear stress and erosion rate with root fiber quantity were analyzed and their regression equations were suggested with high determination coefficients. The hydraulic stability is governed by the increase of shear stress by root fiber quantity and the Froude number of flow characteristic in a vegetated levee revetment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.12
• /
• pp.1077-1087
• /
• 2015

The levee protect lifes, houses, and properties by blocking overflow of river. The revetment is forced to be covered on the slope of levee in order to prevent erosion. The stability of revetment is very important enough to directly connected to the stability of levee. In this study, the weak points of revetment on meandering channel were found by movable revetment experiment and the velocity and the water surface elevation (WSE) were measured at main points. The 3-D numerical simulations were performed under same conditions with experiment. And unclear flow characteristics by the limit of measuring instruments were analyzed through numerical simulation. Consequently, the section of large wall shear stress and the failure section are almost the same. Despite of small wall shear stress, the revetments located at right bank were carried away because of circulation zone due to secondary flow by meandering. With existing riprap design formula, the sizes of riprap determined using maximum local velocity were 1.5~4.7 times greater than them using mean velocity. As a result of this study, it is necessary to calculate the size of riprap in other ways for meandering and straight channel. At a later study, if the weighted value considered the radius of curvature and shape of hydraulic structure is applied to riprap design formula, it is expected that the size of revetment was evaluated rationally and accurately.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.49 no.12
• /
• pp.1035-1044
• /
• 2016

In joint portions of the levee and the barrier, complex 3-dimensional flow was generated and collapse of revetment occurred frequently. For these reasons, it is necessary to install the joint revetment with greater stability as compared with the general revetment at the joint portions. However, design criteria for joint revetment was not presented in River Design Criteria (KWRA, 2009). Therefore it is necessary to research for engineering design of the joint revetment. In this study, hydraulic experiments were performed under various flow conditions in order to realize the collapse conditions of riprap and carried out in 20.0 m straight open channel with one side levee and the width was 4.0 m. The diameter of riprap covered around joint revetment was 0.03 m and the inlet discharges were $0.5{\sim}0.8m^3/s$. The numerical simulations were performed under same conditions with experiment. as results of this numerical simulations, the influence range was confirmed from the distribution of flow characteristics and shear stress. As a result, the riprap diameter of the joint revetment was calculated from 4.1 to 6.9 times greater than that of general revetment. As the inlet discharge was large, the range of vulnerable area was developed long in the downstream direction despite of same withdrawal velocity of riprap. Through this study, the methods of calculating the riprap diameter and influence range were proposed according to hydraulic characteristics of flow around joint revetment. At a later study, if additional experiments about effect of flood plane and various types of barrier is applied, it is expected that rational design method with stability of joint revetment can be proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2016

Revetments help protect levee slopes from erosion. If the design of the revetment is not appropriate, the levee may collapse as a result of scouring due to the strong flow velocity and tractive force. Therefore, when designing a revetment, it is very important to calculate the representative velocity. However, the average velocity and depth calculated by 1-D varied flow analysis are generally applied to the design, which do not reflect the increase in velocity caused by the free and force vortex. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the representative velocity in order to ensure the stability of the revetment in a meandering channel. In this study, the applicability of the method of calculating the representative velocity considering the curve and scour was studied (by comparing it with) the average and maximum velocities determined by numerical simulation. The representative velocity corrected for the effect of the curve and scour and the maximum velocity calculated by the numerical simulation were found to match quite well. In addition, the riprap size of the gabion in the meandering and straight channels were compared by applying them to the conventional design formulas. In the future, it is necessary to perform additional numerical simulations for various rivers with different characteristics, in order to propose a method of designing a suitable revetment for Korean characteristics. At this time, the results of this study are expected to be able to be used as basic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.71-87
• /
• 2007

In order to improve and manage rationally for Youngdam creek in Haman-gun, the channel change, water quality and ecological adaptation etc. were evaluated by monitoring during three years. The distinct differences of channel characteristics appeared in the extents of bed excavation and the revetment methods because overall reconstruction was occurred intense disturbance of width expansion and levee construction etc. The scour and deposition were caused according to channel characteristics of ripple and pool, and the adaptation of vegetation was distinguished from each revetment methods clearly. Water quality was maintained first class on the basis of BOD as 0.5~1.5mg/${\ell}$. The vegetation appeared in 380 species close-to-nature river improvement before, but 64 species it after one year, 159 species it after two year and 158 species it after three year. The animal life appeared in 123 species of close-to-nature river improvement before, but 103 species it after one year, 116 species it after two year and 119 species it after three year.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2017

Typical flow regime of overflow at barrier or weir constructed in mid and small streams becomes as the submerged flow during most flood events. One of major causes of barrier failure has been reported as the levee-scour near the conjuction node between barrier and levee. However, most related design guidelines in Korea have not mentioned about the protection of levee around barrier or weir in detail. Furthermore, most previous researches have focused on the flow characteristics of overflow around several types of weirs but they did not have considered the material properties of levee itself. In this study, local scour near barrier was investigated with different material properties of levee under the submerged overflow condition which is assumed to reenact a flood event. Based on results from Fritz et al. and Mavis et al., a theoretical formula was also proposed in initial stage of laboratory experiments. And hydraulic experiments were carried out for the verification of the proposed formula. Levee was installed in the prismetic trapezoidal open channel and most parts were made of concrete except for movable section in which scour was expected to occur for the efficiency of experimental procedure. Each compaction of movable section in levee was followed by the basis of the KS F 2312. Further, after performing the experiments to find the optimum water content for each sediment, the specific amount of water was injected before flowing water. The difference between the proposed theoretical formula and experiment results was not much but considerable, which might be caused by the effect of compaction. For theoretical approach, it seemed that the formula did not take into account the compaction of levee, thus the correction coefficient for levee compaction determined in the literature was considered. Finally, the formula for the length of scour around barrier or weir was proposed, which can be useful to predict a levee in the reference design of revetment in mid and small streams. As shortly future study, scour length of levee around barrier or weir under different flow conditions such as perfect overflow condition will be studied and it will be able to contribute to suggest the design formula or criteria under all overflow conditions near barrier or weir.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2012

Generally levee or revetment becomes weak by erosion (scour) due to saturation of ground with infiltration, flowing water. So when levee or revetment is constructed, slope reinforcement must be installed to prevent failure. In this study experimental test was performed for verifying shear resistance, horizontal permeability and rooting ability of Geocomb designed to address the shortcomings of 3-dimension Geocell. Geocomb is one of geosynthetics and the advanced system of geogrid. According to the results of shear test, internal friction angle of reinforced ground with Geocomb was increasing compared with existing material and horizontal permeability of ground with Geocomb was bigger than geocell, porous geocell reinforcing ground. Lastly rooting ability of geocomb is most excellent. These results determined for the inner surface of the cell is net structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1398-1402
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 하천 호안의 안정성에 대한 값들을 체계적으로 정리하고 관련 기법을 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 개발하여 실무자들이 호안의 시공 설계시 안정성에 대한 평가를 쉽게 할 수 있도록 개발된 프로그램이다. 프로그램의 사용을 쉽게 하기 위해 GUI(Graphical User Interface)의 기능이 뛰어난 Visual Basic을 사용하였으며, Data-Base를 기반으로 하는 Menu-Driven 방식을 채택하였다. 프로그램의 기본구성은 호안의 수리적 안정성연구를 바탕으로 국내의 하천에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 식생호안공, 돌망태공, 식생호안 블록공의 3가지로 구성 되어 있으며 각 호안공의 소류력에 필요한 수리 특성 자료와 각종 계수, 호안에서 측정되어진 값을 산정 후 각 호안의 내력 소류력 값과 외력 소류력 값을 산출 한 뒤 이 들 값을 비교하여 호안의 안정성을 평가하였다. 호안의 안정성평가 프로그램을 바탕으로 하천호안의 축조 및 최근의 생태성이 강조된 하천의 호안 시공 설계 시 많은 사용이 기대된다.