• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

Electromyogram (EMG) signal generated by voluntary contraction of muscles is often used in rehabilitation devices because of its distinct output characteristics compared to other bio-signals. This paper proposes a novel EMG-based human-computer interface for electric-powered wheelchair users with motor disabilities by C4 or C5 spine cord injury. User's commands to control the electric-powered wheelchair are represented by shoulder elevation motions, which are recognized by comparing EMG signals acquired from the levator scapulae muscles with a preset double threshold value. The interface commands for controlling the electric-powered wheelchair consist of combinations of left-, right- and both-shoulders elevation motions. To achieve a real-time interface, we implement an EMG processing hardware composed of analog amplifiers, filters, a mean absolute value circuit and a high-speed microprocessor. The experimental results using an implemented real-time hardware and an electric-powered wheelchair showed that the EMG-based human-computer interface is feasible for the users with severe motor disabilities.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Embedding therapy on complete facial palsy after primary treatment. Methods : 11 patients with complete facial palsy were treated with Embedding therapy. It was performed once a day, every two weeks. 15~20 Embedding threads were used in each Embedding therapy treatment. The total number of Embedding therapy treatments was 4 or 8. Frontalis muscles (including the Yangbaek ($GB_{14}$)), Orbicularis oculi muscle, Levator labii superioris muscle, Zygomatic major muscle, Zygomatic minor muscle (including the Georyo ($ST_3$) and Jichang ($ST_4$)), Masseter muscle, Buccinator muscle (including the Hyeopgeo ($ST_6$)) and Orbicularis Oris muscle were selected. Yanagihara's score and House-Brackmann scale were compared for before and after treatment to evaluate the effect of Embedding therapy. Results : Yanagihara's score increased significantly (p=0.003). House-Brackmann Scale decreased significantly (p=0.005). Three patients were extremely satisfied, six patients were satisfied, and two patients responded neutrally in regards to Embedding therapy. Conclusions : Embedding therapy can be effective in improving symptoms of complete facial palsy.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

Background Numerous methods exist for simultaneous correction of mild blepharoptosis during double eyelid surgery. These methods are generally categorized into either incisional (open) or non-incisional (suture) methods. The incisional method is commonly used for the creation of the double eyelid crease in patients with excessive or thick skin. However, concurrent open ptosis correction is often marred by the lengthy period of intraoperative adjustment, causing more swelling, a longer recovery time, and an increased risk of postoperative complications. Methods The authors have devised a new, minimally invasive technique to alleviate mild ptosis during incisional double eyelid surgery. The anterior lamella is approached through the incisional technique for the creation of a double eyelid while the posterior lamella, including Muller's and levator muscles, is approached with the suture method for Muller's plication and ptosis correction. Results The procedure described was utilized in 28 patients from June 2012 to August 2012. Postoperative asymmetry was noted in one patient who had severe preoperative conjunctival scarring. Otherwise, ptosis was corrected as planned in the rest of the cases and all of the patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance and experienced no complications. Conclusions Our hybrid technique combines the benefits of both the incisional and suture methods, allowing for a predictable and easily reproducible correction of blepharoptosis with an aesthetically pleasing double eyelid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of exercise on the neck muscles activities between scapular stability and McKenzie stretch exercise in the forward head posture subjects. Method : After measuring cervical alignment using the Global Posture System, 20 volunteers with forward head posture posture were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group A(n=15) and Experimental group B(n=15) participated in respectively and McKenzie neck stretching exercise, three times per week for 4 weeks. The scapular stabilization exercise program was comprised middle and lower trapezius strength exercises and the stretching exercise program was comprised levator scapulae and upper trapezius stretching exercise. The activities of the muscles of the posterior neck was then measured using electromyography. Result : After the intervention, there was significant difference of a electromyography activity changes between the pre-test and post-test in the experimental group. Conclusion : This study showed that both scapular stabilization and McKenzie neck stretching exercises are more effective for reducing neck muscles activities.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2002

Blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening(ALO) are non-paralytic causes of involuntary eyelid closure. Clinically it is difficult to differentiate blepharospasm and ALO, and these two conditions are sometimes associated. We report a case of pretarsal blepharospasm presenting as apraxia of lid opening. 55-year-old woman was noted to have voluntary eye opening difficulty. We synchronously record the electromyographic(EMG) from the levator palpebrae superioris and the orbicularis oculi muscles in this patient. This results suggested that she has a variant of blepharospasm due to abnormal contraction in the pretarsal orbicularis oculi.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2016

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] in a modern kinesiologic approach. Methods Based on the interpretation of [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kinesiologies and their purposed, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometric exercise of knee joint extensor and cervical extensor. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch semitendinosus m., semimembranous m., gastrocnemius m., quadriceps femoris m., upper trapezius m., levator scapulae m., serratus m., and splenius capitis m. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen quadriceps femoris m.. 4) Yangsaeng-Doinibub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercised and increase the efficiency of spine and joint exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of various exercises for knee joint, neck and upper extremity.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

We have conclusions after the study of muscular system about large intestine channel of hand yangmyung muscle. 1. Judging from many studies of interrelation between Meridian muscle and muscle. it is considered that Meridian muscle theory has some similarities with modern anatomical muscular system. 2. There is a wide defference betwean myofacial pain syndrome and meridian muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscles systematically in the view of organism. 3. It is considered that large intestine channel of hand yangmyung muscle contains extensor digitorum muscle, extensor muscle of index finger, brachioradialis muscle, triceps brachii muscle, Rhomboid major muscle, trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle and muscle levator labii. 4. The symptoms of large intestine channel of hand yangmyung muscle is similar to referred pain of modern Myofacial pain syndrome, and the medical treatment of "I-Tong-Wi-Su" is similar to that of Myofacial pain syndrome.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2006

The ethanol extract of the Crotalaria juncea seeds, which showed promising antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities in albino mice, was taken up further for the isolation of the active fractions present in it. Two fractions that were obtained from thin layer chromatography were subjected for testing to know their antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities. After preliminary trials the fraction I showed maximum antifertility activity at the dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight when administered orally to the rats for 50 days. The fraction I was found to affect spermatogenesis as well as the endocrine functions of the testis as indicated by gravimetric, histopathological and biochemical changes. Further this fraction has caused degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells of the testis. The accessory reproductive organs like epididymis, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostrate, Cowper's gland and Levator Ani muscle showed significant malfunction. Cauda epididymal sperm count and sperm motility were reduced significantly. The treatment has also resulted in increase in the cholesterol level and alkaline phosphatase activity, and decrease in protein, glycogen, sialic acid contents and acid phosphatase activity in testis. It is noteworthy that RIA studies have shown significant reduction in serum FSH, LH and testosterone. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed abnormalities in sperm structure.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2003

Petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach Linn. administered orally to male rats at the dose level of 25 mg/100 g body weight for 48 days showed antispermatogenic activity, as the number of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa was decreased. The total cholesterol content was increased while protein and glycogen contents were decreased. The acid phosphatase content was also decreased while that of alkaline phosphatase increased. At the same time the weight of caput and cauda epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle and Levator Ani muscle was decreased indicating its antiandrogenic property. Of the three extracts, the petroleum ether extract was more potent in its antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities and did not produce any sings of toxicity upto a dose of 25 mg/100 g body weight oral administration. After subjecting it to preliminary phytochemical screening the petroleum ether extract showed positive tests for steroids and saponins.