• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.369-377
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• 1999

A new series of highly water soluble platinum(II) complexes {Pt(II)[1,3-bis(phenylthio) propane](trans- -1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (PC-1) and Pt(II)[1,3-bis-(phenythio)propane] cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane(PC-2)} were synthesized, and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques[infrared(IR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity of new Pt(II) complexes was tested against P-388 and L-1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, PC-14 / P, PC-14/ADM and PC-14 / CDDP human pulmonary adenocarcinima, DU-145 human prostate carcinoma, HT-1376 human bladder carcinoma, ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma, MKN-45/P and MKN-45/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. PC-1 showed active against L-1210, P-388 leukemia, human lung, stomach, prostate, bladder and breast cancer cell lines, and the antitumor activity of these compounds were comparable or superior to those of PC-2 and displatin. The nephrotoxicities of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and [3H] thymidine uptake in rabbit proximal tubule cells and human kidney cortical cells. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC-1) represents a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 1994

The highest antitumor activity was observed in water soluble AS fraction of the Ganoderma lucidum IY 009. AS fraction did not show any cytotoxicity on sarcoma 180 cell but stimulated antibody production, opsonization of macrophage in ICR mouse and superoxide ion production from isolated macrophage. AS fraction activated complement C3 in human serum, and their antitumor activity was inhibited by EDTA, a chelator of cation related complementary activation. AS fraction exerted om prolong of life span and ingibition of tumor growth in the leukemia P388 or L1210 transplanted inbreed mouse,k BDF1 but krestin did not. AS fraction did not show any serious and lethal effects through oral administration on ICR mouse, and LD$_{50}$ of those was above 2,230 mg/kg.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1999

Reduced thiols were important compounds for the maintenance of leukemia and lymphoma cell survival (and growth). In the course of examining the microenvirn-mental effects on lymphoma and leukemia cell growth, we found that cysteine suppressed apoptosis in these cells. In a present study, in order to investigate the role of cystein on the suppression of apoptotic cell death, we used CS21, P388, and L1210 cell lines. The addition of BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione synthase, induced apoptosis of these cells by blocking the cellular uptake of cysteine in CS21 cells. Although L1210 cells underwent apoptosis without thiol compounds, the addition of these compounds suppressed the apoptosis and promoted the growth or L1210 cells. When specific inhibitors of caspase3-like proteases, but not caspase1-like proteases, were activated during the L1210 cell apoptosis but the addition of thiol compounds suppressed the activation of caspase3-like proteases. These results suggest that reduced thiols including cysteine play an important role in the suppression of cell apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase3-like proteases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, leukemia is a malignant disease (cancer) that originates in a cell in the marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of developing marrow cells. There are two major classifications of leukemia: myelogenous or lymphocytic, which can each be acute or chronic. The terms myelogenous or lymphocytic denote the cell type involved. Thus, four major types of leukemia are: acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma are considered to be related cancers because they involve the uncontrolled growth of cells with similar functions and origins. The diseases result from an acquired (not inherited) genetic injury to the DNA of a single cell, which becomes abnormal (malignant) and multiplies continuously. In the United States, about 2,000 children and 27,000 adults are diagnosed each year with leukemia. Treatment for cancer may include one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, surgery and bone marrow transplantation. The most effective treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy, which may involve one or a combination of anticancer drugs that destroy cancer cells. Specific types of leukemia are sometimes treated with radiation therapy or biological therapy. Common side effects of most chemotherapy drugs include hair loss, nausea and vomiting, decreased blood counts and infections. Each type of leukemia is sensitive to different combinations of chemotherapy. Medications and length of treatment vary from person to person. Treatment time is usually from one to two years. During this time, your care is managed on an outpatient basis at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center or through your local doctor. Once your protocol is determined, you will receive more specific information about the drug(s) that Will be used to treat your leukemia. There are many factors that will determine the course of treatment, including age, general health, the specific type of leukemia, and also whether there has been previous treatment. there is considerable interest among basic and clinical researchers in novel drugs with activity against leukemia. the vast history of experience of traditional oriental medicine with medicinal plants may facilitate the identification of novel anti leukemic compounds. In the present investigation, we studied 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants, which its pharmacological action was already reported through many experimental articles and oriental medical book: 『pharmacological action and application of anticancer traditional chinese medicine』 In summary: Used leukemia cellline are HL60, HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4 of human, and P388, L-1210, L615, L-210, EL-4 of mouse. 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants are Panax ginseng C.A Mey; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc; Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc; Aloe ferox Mill; Phorboc diester; Tripterygium wilfordii Hook .f.; Lycoris radiata (L Her)Herb; Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; Lilium brownii F.E. Brown Var; Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.; Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Asparagus cochinensis (Lour. )Merr; Isatis tinctoria L.; Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet; Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.; Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim; Dioscorea opposita Thumb; Schisandra chinensis (Rurcz. )Baill.; Auium Sativum L; Isatis tinctoria, L; Ligustisum Chvanxiong Hort; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch; Euphorbia Kansui Liou; Polygala tenuifolia Willd; Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth; Chelidonium majus L; Rumax madaeo Mak; Sophora Subprostmousea Chunet T.ehen; Strychnos mux-vomical; Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.)Harms; Rubia cordifolia L. Anti leukemic compounds, which were isolated from medicinal plants are ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rh2, Emodin, Yuanhuacine, Aleemodin, phorbocdiester, Triptolide, Homolycorine, Atractylol, Colchicnamile, Paeonol, Aspargus polysaccharide A.B.C.D, Indirubin, Leonunrine, Acinosohic acid, Trichosanthin, Ge 132, Schizandrin, allicin, Indirubin, cmdiumlactone chuanxiongol, 18A glycyrrhetic acid, Kansuiphorin A 13 oxyingenol Kansuiphorin B. These investigation suggest that it may be very useful for developing more effective anti leukemic new dregs from medicinal plants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 2001

The effects of MeOH extracts of Schizandra chinensis fructus (SZX) on the immunoregulatory effect (lymphocyte proliferation, subpopulation, nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity) and apoptosis $(sub-G_1\;peak)$ of L1210 cells were examined. The proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes were enhanced by the addition of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ of SZX. SZX were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in adult male BALB/c mice. SZX resulted in altering subpopulation of splenic B and/or T and thymic T lymphocytes, especially the number of $T_H$ cells were markedly increased by the treatment of SZX in vivo and in vitro. SZX treatment induced the apoptotic cell death in L1210 mouse leukemia cells. In addition, SZX accelerated the production of nitric oxide and phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that SZX have an immunoregulatory property and anti-cancer action.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 1996

Daunirubicin and doxorubicin analogues (5,7,8,9,) in which the natural amino sugar, daunosamine, is replaced by rhamnopyranosyl or 4'-amino rhamnopyranosyl residues have been p repared. The in vitro cytotoxicity of compound 5 or 7 was similar to that of doxorubicin for P388 murine leukemic cell line. But compound 8 or 9 was less cytotoxic than doxorubicin. When administered intravenously on day 1, compound 9 showed antitumor activity comparable to that of doxorubicin against ip-inoculated L1210 murine leukemia and found to be less toxic than doxorubicin. But the in vivo antitumor activity of compound 7 or 8 was inferior to that of doxorubicin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

The present work was carried out to examine the effect of costunolide on the growth of several cells and characteristics of U-937 human leukemia-derived cell line. Costunolide produced a potent antitumor activity in vitro dependent on concentration against several tumor cells such as P-388, L-1210 leukemia and SNU-5 stomach cancer cells. However, it showed less cytotoxicity on normal cells such as Maccaccus rheus monkey kidney cells (MA-104) up to 200 ${\mu}M$ concentration. An effect of cell differentiation by costunolide was assessed by its ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and to induce phagocytosis of latex particles. In order to establish whether costunolide induces U-937 cells to differentiate toward macrophage or granulocyte, esterase activities was measured. Based on these results, we found that costunolide having cytotoxicity on U-937 human leukemia cells was explained through differentiation inducing activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.701-710
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• 1993

The pine needles, Pinus densiflow Sieb. et Zucc., which is a feed for goats showing a low incidence rate of cancer were evaluated to confirm the potent anticancer effects, with or without several conventional anticancer drugs. The pine needles collected from Mt. Buk-Han located near Seoul were extracted with 95% methanol and methand and concentrated. From the methanol extract, SOM-A, was extracted dichlormethane and SOM-B was extracted with ethyl acetate. SOM-C was extracted with distilled water. These extracts were tested for their antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, SOM-A and SOM-C exhibited potent antitumor activities described as belows. 1. The cytotoxic effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against in vitro cultured murine and humman tumor cells. SOM-A showed strong cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and SOM-C showed strong cytotoxicity against murine tumor cell lines tested. 2. The antitumor effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against P388 and L1210 of mouse ascitic tumors. The highest mean survival time(MST) ration was 151%(P388) for SOM-C(90mg/kg). 3. To compare the antitumor effects of SOM-A, SOM-B, and SOM-C against solid tumors, S-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma were implanted subcutaneously to mice on Day O. The drugs were given intraperitoneally to mice once a day on Days 1-20, and the tumor weights were measured on Day 21. SOM-A showed inhibition of tumor growth more than 50% in the experiment on S-180 and Ehrlich, and SOM-C also markedly inhibited tumor growth. However, SOM-B had no effect. 4. SOM-C combined with ${\alpha}$-interferon and SOM-C combined with Mitomycin-C enhanced the antitumor activities against murine ascitic tumors P388 leukemia.