• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.52
• /
• pp.31-52
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this thesis was to re-examine the utopian socialism of George Sand. In brief, her socialism is Christian socialism. She was heavily influenced by Leroux and Ramennais who insisted on Christian socialism at the time. This was socialism that differed from other utopian socialists of the time such as Saint Simon and Fourier. In addition, the socialism of Sand was similar to communism that was popular at the time. We can see in many writings portraying Sand as a Communist. Her novels were also written to spread her communicative ideas. However, the Communism of Sand is different from that of Marx. In this thesis, her novels, her letters, and her political pamphlets will be analyzed in comparison with Marxism in three ways. 1. If Marx's communism justified violence, her ideology is based on nonviolence. 2. Sand's Communism asserts equality for workers and capitalists. She says that if it is not the equality for all, we are not qualified to argue. 3. Finally, her Communism is based entirely on Christian values, love and solidarity.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.723-728
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we present a new system, OPTISCOPE SA, especially designed for precise measurement of temporal behavior of LCD displays. We show that gray to gray level response time measurement requires a very sensitive and precise instrument and also that the capacity to measure luminance levels and gamma curve can be useful. Quite often, precise evaluation of LCD response time needs also use of low pass and stop band filters to suppress noise and flicker. Low pass filters affect the results but can be corrected for simple temporal behaviors. For complex temporal behaviors like those observed for overdriven LCDs, we show that direct adjustment of theoretical responses is much more efficient to get a complete picture of the temporal behavior of such displays.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.625-630
• /
• 2006

A new method to get reliable viewing angle measurements on LCD reflective display is presented. This method is based on the use of commercial Fourier optics viewing angle instruments already proposed by ELDIM for more than 15 years. This apparatus is capable to measure simultaneously quasi all the incidence and azimuth angles and to control very precisely the illumination of the sample. We show that, in contrast to other instruments, a clever illumination procedure with two different conditions allows separation of the intrinsic reflective contribution of the display and of the parasitic front end reflection. In this way, intrinsic performances of the display can be obtained at any incidence and azimuth angles and realistic observer conditions can be simulated.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2011

A complete analysis of the color-viewing-angle properties of different displays is presented herein using color-viewing-angle measurements made with a Fourier-optics system. The color gamut in the CIE u'v' chromatic plane was computed for all the viewing angles. The introduction of the lightness using the $L^*a^*b^*$ color space allowed a more precise analysis of the emissive properties of each display. The displays can be directly compared using a common reference. The viewing-angle dependence can be analyzed in full detail using the on-axis values as reference. The gravity center behavior and area of the color hull were computed for a more precise evaluation and comparison.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2012

In this paper, the problem concerning the color accuracy of imaging systems using color filters is examined. It is shown that the only solution to the problem is to build systems with the spectral response matching the CIE curves as closely as possible. If the spectral response does not closely match the CIE curves, it was demonstrated that calibration cannot solve the problem and will result in very unstable colorimeters. A practical solution that uses telecentric lenses on the sensor side in addition to dedicated color filters for each CCD detector is presented. For systems that closely match the CIE curves, an innovative method of improving the color accuracy based on the precise measurement of the spectral response is presented. The small discrepancies in the spectral response with regard to the CIE curves are corrected in different ways during the measurements. Finally, it is shown that the tristimulus calibration that is used for display measurement is very unstable for systems without CIE matching and is much more stable with systems that closely match the CIE curves.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2007

LCD performance is generally evaluated in terms of luminance and color versus viewing angle. In the present paper, we show that this type of display can be favorably characterized in terms of polarization. We show that ELDIM EZContrast instrument which is routinely used for viewing angle measurements can be upgrade for measuring the polarization state of the light at each incidence and azimuth angle. More precisely, the degree of polarization of light, its ellipticity and polarization direction can be measured at each incidence angle between 0 and $88^{\circ}$ and for all the azimuth angles (from 0 to $360^{\circ}$). Important differences between the displays can be detected and related to their internal structures when luminance and color profiles are quite similar. The same setup can also be used to characterize optical components of the LCDs.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2010

In these authors’ previous paper, it was shown that grey-level stability is one of the main drawbacks of the time-sequential stereoscopic 3D display. In the present study, it was demonstrated that a videoluminance meter can be used to rapidly and easily check the quality of such display. A dedicated pattern was applied to simultaneously check the effect of the grey level on the other eye and the effect of the temporal synchronization. The results were compared with those provided by a temporal model of the display, which was obtained by measuring its temporal behavior. The visual impact of the grey-level instabilities was precisely quantified, and they were found to be a major source of imperfections for the aforementioned display.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2010

A method of characterizing time-sequential stereoscopic 3D displays based on the measurement of the temporal behavior of the systems vs. the grey levels is proposed. An Nvidia 3D vision kit with a 3D-ready SAMSUNG 2233RZ LCD display is characterized in the paper. OPTISCOPE SA especially designed for the precise measurements of the luminance and temporal behavior of LCD displays was used. The transmittance and response time of the shutter glasses was first evaluated. Then the grey-to-grey response times of the display were measured. The 2D and 3D behaviors of the display were then compared. Finally, the temporal behavior of the complete system was modeled, and the grey-level variations on one view were deduced as a function of the synchronization and level of the other eye. The main sources of imperfection were identified and quantified, and a full computation of the system performances was done.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.268-284
• /
• 2003

Nor-aporphine derivatives have been discovered which interfere with the flux of Calcium into and out of the cell interior. It has been shown that adrenergic antagonists that block the Calcium exchange lead to an inhibition of Protein kinase C activity, thus blocking tyrosinase activation. Di-acetyl-dimethoxy-methyl-nor-aporphine is a semi-synthetic molecule of natural origin with very high potency. On B16 melanocytes as well as in normal human melanocytes the decrease in melanin synthesis reaches -50％ at a level of 40 ppm in the culture medium. On a molar concentration basis, this is 50 to 70 times stronger than Kojic acid inhibition. Yet, the cell viability is not affected. Reversibility studies show that after washing out of the active compound, melanogenesis returns to normal levels. Possible mechanisms of the activity are discussed. Tests carried out on SkinEthic(R) three-dimensional models of the epidermis and in vivo clinical studies on Asian population confirm the strong inhibition of melanogenesis. Safety evaluation of these molecules, on the other hand, demonstrates good skin tolerance and absence of toxicity.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.347-353
• /
• 2009

Procedures that induce microspore embryogenesis have been described for a range of Brassica species, but embryo yield remains low for a number of genotypes. We have carried out experiments with the microspores from a weakly responsive line of B. napus to determine the culture conditions that optimize their in vitro embryogenesis by treating them with effectors of ethylene synthesis and action. The results revealed that isolated microspores subjected to an initial heat stress in a medium supplemented with inhibitors of ethylene synthesis such as AVG and $CoCl_2$ exhibited significantly increased embryo yields. This suggested that regulatory effects are exerted by the ethylene produced by the isolated microspores on the early processes of gametogenesis. As a consequence, treatment of microspores with SAM, an ethylene synthesis precursor, or with the ethylene-releasing agent ethephon, led to decreases in embryo yield. A special response to ethylene during the early stages of microspore development was finally shown to occur through experiments where isolated microspores were treated for increasing periods of time with $CoCl_2$. Collectively, our data demonstrated that the induction of embryogenesis induced by heat stress can be enhanced by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis.