• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

본 연구는 7주령의 백서 40마리를 이용하여 만성 분절수면과 식이제한이 식욕조절 호르몬을 포함한 심혈관 위험지표에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험하였다. 13일 동안의 만성적인 분절수면 및 식이제한의 조건에 노출된 백서의 체중 변화와 혈중 leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine 등의 호르몬 농도, 심혈관 위험지표인 혈중 총콜레스테롤, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, 중성지방, 유리지방산의 농도를 대조군 및 3군의 실험군(만성 분절수면 군, 식이제한 군, 분절수면과 식이제한 모두를 적용한 군)에서 비교하였다. 그 결과 실험기간 동안 만성 분절수면 군에서 백서의 체중이 증가하며, 혈중 leptin 및 adiponectin 농도가 감소하고 ghrelin 농도가 증가하여 결국 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도가 증가하였다. 분절수면과 식이제한을 동시에 적용한 백서에서는 체중이 감소하고 adiponectin 농도는 대조군과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 ghrelin 농도는 분절수면만 했던 백서에 비해 감소한 것으로 나타나 식이제한이 식욕을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이들 백서에서 혈중 leptin 농도가 현격히 감소하고 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도가 증가하는 양상을 나타내 만성 분절수면 환자들의 심한 식이제한이 심혈관질환의 위험을 더욱 증가시킬 수 있다는 결과를 보여주었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2016

본 연구는 고지방식이와 쑥추출물이 흰쥐의 지질대사, 인슐린저항성, 아디포카인 분비에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 고지방식이에 의해 부고환지방과 복막후강지방의 축적이 증가되었고, 그 결과 혈장 항염증성 아디포카인은 감소하고 염증성 아디포카인은 증가하여 아디포넥틴/렙틴 및 아디포넥틴/PAI-1 비가 저하되는 불균형을 초래하였다. 내장지방 축적과 관련된 아디포카인의 불균형은 TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C를 증가시키고 HOMA-IR의 증가를 유발한 것으로 추정된다. 이에 비해 쑥 에탄올추출물의 첨가는 부고환지방과 복막후강지방의 축적을 완화함으로써 PAI-1과 렙틴을 감소시켜 아디포넥틴/렙틴 및 아디포넥틴/PAI-1 비의 저하를 억제하고 아디포카인의 균형을 상대적으로 유지하였으며, TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C 및 HOMA-IR 수치가 감소하였다. 따라서 쑥 에탄올추출물은 내장지방 축적을 억제하고 아디포카인의 분비, 특히 염증성물질인 렙틴과 PAI-1의 분비를 저하시켜 아디포카인의 균형을 조절함으로써 지질대사 및 인슐린저항성을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.716-728
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity increases the susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mulberry plant has been reported to have health benefits, such as hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects. This study examined the effects of a mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit ethanol extract (MBEE) on dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipokine imbalance in response to a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 groups containing 6 rats each and fed either a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with MBEE of 150 mg/kg/day (LMB) or 300 mg/kg/day (HMB). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The plasma TG levels were similar in the 4 groups. Plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HFD group compared with the CON group, whereas those values decreased in the LMB group (P < 0.05), indicating that MBEE had a plasma lipid-lowering effect. HDL-C decreased in the HFD group, but MBEE did not affect the HDL-C level. The HFD rats significantly increased hepatic TG and cholesterol levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to the CON group. The hepatic TG level and ALT and AST activities were reduced markedly by the MBEE treatment. The HFD group showed a higher PAI-1 level, whereas MBEE treatment, especially in the HMB group, significantly reduced leptin level, and leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/ adiponectin ratios. These findings suggest that MBEE altered the imbalance between the pro-and anti-inflammatory adipokines to a more anti-inflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS: MBEE could protect against abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet, lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and hepatic TG. These findings are associated with the regulating effect of MBEE on the leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlations between food intake behavior and job stress level and neuropeptide hormone concentrations. Job strain and food intake behavior were first identified using a self-reported questionnaire, concentrations of neuropeptide hormones (adiponectin, brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], leptin, and ghrelin) were determined, and the correlations were analyzed. In the results, job strain showed significant correlations with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR], 1.220; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001~1.498; p < 0.05) and BDNF (OR, 0.793; 95% CI, 0.646~0.974; p < 0.05), and ghrelin exhibited a significant correlation with food intake score (OR, 0.911; 95% CI, 0.842~0.985, p < 0.05). These results suggest that job stress affects food intake regulation by altering the physiological concentrations of neuropeptide hormones as well as emotional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 한국산 함초 (Salicornia herbacea L.)인 퉁퉁마디의 항비만 효과를 알아보고자 동물실험을 실시하였다. 함초 동결건조 분말 및 함초 동결건조 나노화 분말의 항비만 효과를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 최종체중은 5% 함초 동결건조 분말을 섭취한 5% HS군이 HFC군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며, NC군보다도 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 식이섭취량은 NC군에 비하여 고지방식이 섭취군 (HFC, 2% HS, 5% HS, 1% HSN)에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말을 섭취한 5% HS군은 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 식이섭취량이 낮았다. 2) 간 무게는 고지방식이의 영향으로 NC군에 비하여 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군은 HFC군과 비교해 유의하게 낮았다. 부고환 지방조직의 무게 역시 왼쪽/오른쪽 모두 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군에서 HFC군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며, NC군보다도 유의적으로 수치가 낮았다. 3) 혈청 중성지질 농도는 NC군이 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에 비해 유의하게 높았으며, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 2% HS군을 제외한 모든 고지방식이군에서 NC군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 그러나, 혈청 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-Cholesterol 농도 모두 HFC군과 비교하여 함초 섭취에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 간 조직의 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 NC군에 비하여 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). HFC군은 함초 섭취군과 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군의 중성 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 HFC군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5) 간 세포질 중 FAS 농도의 경우 NC군이 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 함초분말섭취에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 6) 혈청 leptin 농도는 HFC군에 비해 모든 함초 섭취군에서 leptin의 수치가 낮게 나타나는 경향이 보였다. 특히 5% HS군은 HFC군에 비해 leptin 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 adiponectin 농도는 NC군이 모든 고지방식이섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군의 경우 HFC군 비해 그 농도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 고지방식이와 함께 섭취한 5% 함초 동결건조 분말은 식이섭취량을 줄여 체중, 간 및 지방조직의 무게를 감소하였고, 혈중 leptin 농도를 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, 혈중 adiponectin 농도를 증가시키는 경향을 보이는 등 지질대사 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 함초의 식이조절 및 지질개선 건강기능성소재 개발 가능성을 제시한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2016

Objectives In this study, it was investigated whether Gami-Handayeolso-Tang (HDYST) medication has anti-obesity effects in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups-normal diet-fed (ND), high fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+HDYST 150, HFD+HDYST 300, and HFD+orlistat as a positive drug. The obese markers such as body weight, diet efficiency ratio, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipid contents, leptin, adiponectin, and GOT/GPT were measured. Also, white adipose tissue, liver weight, abdominal fat mass, hepatic lipid contents, and mRNA expression of obese-associating genes were examined in obese mice. Results In high fat diet-fed mice, HDYST administration significantly decreased body weight, diet efficiency ratio, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, as well as leptin and GOT/GPT, compared to the HFD group in a dose-dependent manner. HDYST increased significantly the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin. It also reduced the accumulation of lipids, such as total lipid and triglycerides, in organs such as liver and abdominal adipose tissue. Moreover, HDYST administration significantly decreased the expression levels of fatty acid synthetic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), FAS and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1), in the liver tissues, while it increased the messenger RAN (mRNA) levels of fatty acid catalytic genes, such as Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-${\alpha}$), acyl-COA oxidase (ACO), and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a). Conclusions Based on the results above, HDYST reveals anti-obesity effects declining body fat accumulation through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and leptin/adiponectin serum levels. It therefore suggests that HDYST can be clinically useful for the treatment of obesity.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.8-27
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• 2018

Objective This study investigated the effects of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods The study examined 9-week-old male mice (C57bl/6J) divided into four groups: the normal(C57bl/6J-Nr), control (high-fat diet only; HFD-CTL), positive-control (high-fat diet with Garcinia cambogia), and experimental (high-fat diet with Jeoreongchajeonja-tang; HFD-JCT) groups. After 7 weeks, the body weight, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, and visceral fat weight of the mice were measured. Blood serum tests, mRNA, liver histopathology, and epididymis adipocytes were also examined. Results Compared with the Control(HFD-CTL) group, the Experimental(HFD-JCT) group given Jeoreongchajeonja-tang showed significant reductions in absolute body weight and food efficiency ratio. The serum alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant reductions in absolute abdominal subcutaneous fat, epididymal adipose tissue, kidney adipose tissue, intestine adipose tissue, and liver, kidney and spleen adipose tissue weights. The C/EBP-${\beta}$, leptin, and SREBP1c/ADD1 mRNA expression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, while the UCP-2 and adiponectin mRNA expression were significantly higher. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in the absolute adipocyte area in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. Conclusion Jeoreongchajeonja-tang has an anti-obesity effect. Additional clinical studies are expected.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that obese people with dyslipidemia is more likely to have increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status, in comparison with the controls who were obese without dyslipidemia. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine the dietary intakes, plasma adipokines, and antioxidative systems between obese with dyslipidemia and obese without dyslipidemia were investigated. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Female subjects who were between 20 and 55 years old, and whose BMI was 23 or greater were recruited. Subjects who met the criteria of $BMI{\geq}23$, total cholestero ${\geq}200mg/dL$, LDL cholesterol ${\geq}130mg/dL$, and $TG{\geq}110mg/dL$ were categorized Obese with dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical tests were conducted. The diet survey was conducted by a trained dietitian using two days of 24 hour dietary recall. The lipid peroxidation, the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activities of antioxidantive enzymes, and various antioxidantive vitamins levels were determined. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were also determined. There were no significant differences for age, Body Mass index (BMI), and body fat (%), waist-size between two groups. Obese with dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C, and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C, respectively. Blood alkaline phosphatase level was statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). No statistical significance in dietary intake between two groups was shown. In case of obese with dyslipidemia group, the levels of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) as well as adjusted blood retinol (P < 0.05) and tocopherol level (P < 0.05) were significantly low. However, the plasma concentration of leptin was significantly high (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity with dyslipidemia was shown to have high arthtrogenic index, depleted antioxidant status, and higher blood leptin levels which suggest higher risks of oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Colitis is a serious health problem, and chronic obesity is associated with the progression of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet (HFD, 45%) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2% w/v)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Body weight, colon length, and colon weight-to-length ratio, were measured directly. Serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using commercial kits. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 were detected using a commercial ELISA kit. Histological study was performed using a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay. Colonic mRNA expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by RT-PCR assay. RESULTS: Body weight and obesity-related biomarkers (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin) were regulated and obesity was prevented in NRM treated mice. NRM significantly suppressed colon shortening and reduced colon weight-to-length ratio in HFD+DSS induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice (P < 0.05). Histological observations suggested that NRM reduced edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by HFD and DSS. In addition, NRM decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 and inhibited the mRNA expressions of these cytokines, and iNOS and COX-2 in colon mucosa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that NRM has an anti-inflammatory effect against HFD and DSS-induced colitis in mice, and that these effects are due to the amelioration of HFD and/or DSS-induced inflammatory reactions.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Sunsik prepared by steaming -drying cycles- on blood glucose and inflammatory markers in high fat diet-induced obese rats. The experimental animals were divided into five groups and subjected to diets for 8 weeks; normal diet (control), high fat diet (HF), and high fat diet+10% supplementation of Sunsik (1HF, 3HF, 7HF, 9HF). The results showed body weight, food efficiency ratio, blood glucose and insulin levels of high fat diet groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Increased glucose levels by high fat diet were reduced to normal levels by the four Sunsik supplementations. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of the HF group was significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas supplementation with the four types of Sunsik reduced insulin resistance to similar levels as the control group. Increased insulin secretion and leptin levels of high fat diet-induced obese rats were significantly reduced by supplementation with the four types of Sunsik. C-reactive protein (CRP) of inflammation related components was significantly higher than the control group. However, increased CRP concentration by high fat diet was significantly reduced by supplementation with Sunsik.