• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.766-771
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• 1995

The trachea is defined as the airway from the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage to the top of the carinal spur. This paper would confirm the normal tracheal length of Korean adults through the actual measurement using the fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The subjects of this study were 25 patients, 13 males and 12 females between the age of 20 to 69 without abnormality on the neck, trachea, mediastinum and lung pharenchyme on the preoperative chest X-ray, who received the operations from the period of July to September, 1994. For those patients who had heart diseases, the cardiothoracic ratio was below 50%. The measurement was performed on the patients with endotracheal intubation under the general anesthesia in supine and neutral position. The tracheal length was calculated by the difference between the length from the tip of the endotracheal tube [E-tube to carina and to the needle which was inserted into the E-tube at the lower border of the palpated cricoid cartilage, by inserting the broncoscopy through the E-tube. The result was as follow : 1 The measured tracheal length for men was 11.8 0.2 cm[mean standard deviation and women was 10.5 0.3 cm, and that was longer than this [p<0.01 . The average was 11.2 1.0 cm and the standard error was 0.20 cm. 2 According to the correlation between the tracheal length to weight, height[Ht , age, and body surface area[BSA respectively, the Ht [p=0.003 , age [p=0.055 , and the BSA[p=0.017 were significant, while weight was not [p=0.314 . 3 From the regression analysis of the tracheal length[T.L. to the Ht, Age, and the BSA which were significant, the following equation was derived.i Ht : T.L.= -1.29 + 0.076 x Ht [P=0.003 ii Age: T.L.= 10.04 + 0.028 x Age [P=0.055 iii BSA : T.L.= 5.60 + 3.48 x BSA [P=0.017 iv In multi-regression : T.L. = -4.15 + 0.034 x Age + 0.085 x Ht [P=0.0002]

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype around a upper body of 30's men. The subjects were 202 working men aged from 30 to 39 and the data of 33 items including computed items were analysed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. Re results were as follows: As a factor of somatotype in evaluating males in 30's, the horizontal area represented the chest circumference at scye and the breadth items, the vortical region indicated hit length posterior, front length, back length, the breadth difference and the length difference. The somatotype by cluster analysis was classified with 3 type. Type I as the Roher's index 1.21 indicating the smallest in the circumference and weight item was classified as the thin and long featuring bending somatotype. Type 2 with the Rohrer's index 1.35 showing the mid-group between type 1 and 3 had the highest distribution rate as the balanced featuring the standard somatotype. Type 3 as the rohrer's index 1.40 was the largest physical condition group in the obesity featuring the turning over somatotype.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2014

A total of six specimens (57.03-100.72 mm in standard length) belonging to the family Diodontidae were collected around Jeju Island, Korea between July and August 2013. On the Basis of morphological and molecular analyses, we identified the specimens as Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785), a new record to the Korean fish fauna. Morphologically, the species is characterized by nine caudal fin rays, immovable spines on the head and body except the caudal peduncle, and small black spots dorsally. Some morphometric characters changed disproportionately with growth, which was a new finding. Caudal peduncle length, body width and preanus length to standard length tend to grow at a rate different from that of overall growth. When the 601 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of our specimens were compared with those of other diodontid fishes, our specimens clustered tightly around C. orbicularis (d = 0.000-0.002) in an NJ tree, with a high bootstrap value (99%). We herein describe the morphological and molecular traits of the specimens, and propose a new Korean name, "gud-ga-si-bok-sok" for the genus Cyclichthys, and "dung-geun-gud-ga-si-bok" for C. orbicularis.

• 복식
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2004

In this study, the photographic and anthropometric measurements of men in the 20's were made. and pattern making professionals visually evaluated their side photos to classify lateral views. These data were analyzed by being compared with existing research results to select objective standards, and body types were classified according to the selected standard. In addition, body features were defined according to lateral views based on measurement items and indices, and standard lines and determining factors for visual evaluation which determines lateral views were revealed. Back length - front length size smaller than 1.5cm was named as the lean-back type, 1.5∼3.9cm was named as the straight type. and that larger than 3.9cm was named as the bend-forward type. In the straight type, the bisection point of waist depth was located at a similar place to tragion level vertical line. In the lean-back type, the point was at the front of tragion level vertical line. In the bend-forward type, the point was at the back of tragion level vertical line.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1992

Large steel water pipes are joined prevalently by bell and method and welded at inside and outside of lapped parts. According to the Korean Standard(KS) for fabrication of water pipes, the weldments are designed to have the length of leg which is same as or larger than the thickness of the pipe. It is recently pointed out that the standard size of weldments is too large, which results in an excessive consumption of material and labor. In this study, several cases of weldments having different sizes were investigated to reduce the length of leg to the effective size. For each case, the analysis of stresses was carried out to evaluate the safety of the welded pipes by using a package program, ANSYS, under the consideration of the loading condition of water pipes which includes the soil pressure on the pipe, the load over the road, and temperature change of the pipe. The results of this study revealed that the weldment which has the length of leg of the size over 0.7*thickness of the pipe could provide a stress level below the yield strength. Especially when the length of leg is 85% of the wall thickness, the maximum equivalent stress is only slightly higher than that of the leg of fillet of the size of 1.0*pipe thickness.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2012

This study was conducted to analyze the difference of body types within and between wild and farmed populations of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using measured records of morphological traits. The results showed that surveyed traits and standard deviation were $1,355{\pm}742g$ of body weight, $48.01{\pm}7.79cm$ of total length, and $40.96{\pm}6.80cm$ of body length. Also body height, body shape index and condition factor were $17.19{\pm}3.43cm$, $9.99{\pm}0.74$ and $11.16{\pm}1.54$, respectively. As result of least squares mean and standard error for each trait assumed in this study, those of farmed population showed significantly higher than those of wild population in all traits, exclusively in total length and body length (p<0.01). Particularly, the values of the body height and the body weight of the farmed population were higher than those of the wild population in the same total length. And the phenotypic correlation coefficients of the body weight, the total length, the body length and the body height showed strong positive correlation in all populations. These result suggested that morphological differences exist in farmed and wild flounder. Therefore, introduction of wild flounder is essential for the future production to improve the body type of farmed flounder, and parental fish should be chosen by considering selection of commercially important traits in the production process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.635-638
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• 2003

Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are fed for a long period to produce high quality beef, however, extended feeding often causes inefficiency and greater environmental load mainly derived from their manure. The objectives of this study were to analyze changes in feeding length by listing breeding values (BVs) at calf markets and the relationships between BVs and carcass characteristics of 4,052 Japanese Black cattle, and to examine the feasibility of optimizing feeding length by referring to listed BVs. BV classes A, B, and C were defined based on BVs of cows in Shimane Prefecture as follows: an upper quarter of BVs was classified as A, a second quarter as B, and under the average as C. For cattle sold at calf markets in the first term of 1996, just before the start of BV listing, the feeding length of cattle with class B BVs for the beef marbling standard (BMS) was longer (p>0.05) than that of class A cattle. However, in the second term of 1996, just after the start of BV listing, the feeding length of class B cattle became shorter (p<0.001) than that of class A cattle. Then, the feeding lengths of both classes showed no significant differences. Feeding lengths of both class A and B BVs for carcass weight (CW) changed similarly to the corresponding BV classes for BMS. The analysis of the relationships among the listed BV classes and the actual carcass characteristics showed that class A cattle had a higher (p<0.001) BMS than class B cattle, and that the higher-class cattle had a heavier CW (p<0.05). On the basis of previous reports, the cattle, particularly those with lower genetic marbling ability, seem to only increase marbling at markedly low efficiency for a few months before slaughter. Therefore, the finding that carcass characteristics corresponded to their class of BVs suggests that an optimum feeding length based on listed BVs not only increases the efficiency of beef production, but also reduces the environmental load.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 1989

Cumulative sum schemes based on a weighted score are considered for controlling the mean of a continuous production process; in which both the one-sided and two-sided schemes are proposed. The average run lengths and the run length distributions for the proposed schemes are obtained by the Markov chain approach. Comparisons by the average run length show that the proposed schemes perform nearly as well as the standard cumulative sum schemes in detecting changes in the process mean. Comparisons of the one-sided schemes by the run length distribution are also presented.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.697-706
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• 2007

In [8], we showed that any ideal of $\mathbb{Z}_4[X]/(X^{2^n}-1)$ is generated by at most two polynomials of the standard forms. The purpose of this paper is to find a description of the cyclic codes of even length over $\mathbb{Z}_4$ namely the ideals of $\mathbb{Z}_4[X]/(X^l\;-\;1)$, where $l$ is an even integer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2014

Residual performance of old architectural wood which has been damaged was measured using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE). The wood Pole Tester was used to assess ultrasonic velocity inside wood and drill resistance was determined using an IML-resistograph. For ultrasonic measurements squared timber and circular timber's measurements were separately conducted with 1,300 m/s as the standard ultrasonic velocity. The standard wood samples divided into two parts; a non-sound area (below the standard), and a sound area (above the standard). Furthermore, schematization of wood was compared with results naked eye observation. The drilling resistance test was performed for both length and thickness direction in wood. The internal of the drilling was set at 30 cm (length direction), 5 cm (width direction) and 30cm (thickness direction). A non-sound area was defined as that 1) amplitude is below 20% and 2) carbonization and deterioration are related.