• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the skin irritation potential of lemon grass essential oil in rabbits. A volume of 0.5 ml of test article was applied to intact and abraded skins, respectively, for 24 h in 6 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits. Parameters measured during 72 h observation period were mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and local irritation. All rabbits showed severe edema at both 24 h and 72 h after the application of test article. These animals also showed very slight to severe erythema and/or slight eschar formation at both 24 h and 72 h. The edema and erythema induced by lemon grass essential oil were recovered on day 7 of additional 11-day recovery period, but the eschar formation was not recovered at the end of recovery period. On the other hands, there were no treatment-related adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight and gross finding in rabbits. Based on these results, it was concluded that a single dermal application of the undiluted lemon grass essential oil caused very slight to severe edema, erythema and eschar formation in rabbits and showed a primary irritation index score of 5.63 indicating severe irritation. The results of this study strongly suggest that lemon grass essential oil should be used with care and in highly diluted forms especially when directly applied to the skin.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Salinity with sodic condition disturbs germination, retards emergence, and slow down seedling development of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus).Lemongrass is a perennial grass plant widely distributed worldwide and most especially in tropical and subtropical countries. This research experiment was designed to evaluate the influences of (4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^-1/2, 5 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2, 5 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2, 10 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 and 10 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2) on biomass produce of lemon grass against salt tolerance. The uppermost biomass yield (45.53 gpot^-1) was produced by 4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment. The increase in the intensity of salts reduced the growth of lemon grass. Lower biomass yield (79.33 gpot^-1) was gained at 10 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2. 5 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment performed enhanced outcome i.e. the least reduction % over control (5.87). Salinity- sodicity showed serious effect on the growth reduction from 5.87% to33.60%. This reduction gap was affected by the negative effect of salinity and sodicity on Linseed growth. Salinity- sodicity showed severe impact on the growth reduction from 5.87% to33.60%. Based on the findings, lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus).was capable to grow up the maximum at 4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

Wastewater from textile industries is a major cause of water pollution in most developing countries. In order to address the issues of water pollution and high cost for treatment processes, the use of an inexpensive and environmentally benign adsorbents has been studied. The objective was to find a better alternative to the conventional methods. Lemon grass waste (ash) collected from a lemon grass stream distillation subunit in Bhutan was tested for dye removal from aqueous solutions. The study investigated the removal of methylene blue using the following operational parameters: initial concentration (100-600 mg/L), contact time, adsorbent dose (0.1-0.55 gm/100 mL), and pH (3-10). It was found that the percentage removal of dye increased with a decrease of the initial concentration and increased contact time and dose of adsorbent. The basic pH solution of dye showed better adsorption capacity as compared to the acidic dye solution. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were fitted to the data well. Data fitted better to Lagergren pseudo 2nd order kinetics than a 1st order kinetic model. Surface morphology was also examined via scanning electron microscopy. An elemental analysis was also carried out and the chemical composition and functional groups were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The obtained results indicate that lemon grass ash could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of dyes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 레몬그라스 분말 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% 첨가한 스펀지케이크를 제조한 후 반죽 비중, 케이크의 pH, 수분함량, 굽기 손실, 비체적과 높이, 부피지수, 색도, 산화방지능, 기계적 텍스처, 관능특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 비중은 대조군이 0.46으로 가장 낮았고 레몬그라스 분말 8-10% 첨가군은 대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 스펀지케이크의 pH(8.09-7.52)와 수분함량(30.29-24.87%)은 레몬그라스 분말(pH 5.01)의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 굽기 손실(7.46-8.07%)은 증가하였다. 스펀지케이크의 비체적은 레몬그라스 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타났으며(4.72-4.63 mL/g), 높이(8.00-7.33 cm), 부피지수(10.92-10.13) 그리고 대칭성지수(0.68-0.64)도 낮아졌다. 케이크의 내부 색깔을 보면 L값과 b값은 레몬그라스 분말의 첨가량이 많아질수록 감소하였고, a값은 증가하였다. DPPH radical 소거능에 대한 산화방지활성은 레몬그라스 분말의 첨가량이 많을수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 기계적 텍스처는 경도, 응집성, 씹힘성이 레몬그라스 분말의 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였고, 탄력성과 회복탄력성은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 9점 척도법으로 실시한 관능검사에서 색, 맛, 텍스처에서는 각 시료간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 향은 2%(6.95)와 4%(8.70) 첨가군에서 대조군(5.30)보다 높은 값을 보였으며, 입안에서의 느낌은 대조군과 2-6% 첨가군은 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 8-10% 첨가군은 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 전반적인 기호도는 2%(8.02) 첨가군에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 스펀지케이크 제조 시 2%의 레몬그라스 분말 첨가는 스펀지케이크의 제조와 품질특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않으며 기호도를 향상시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.625-631
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 레몬그라스 열수 추출물의 첨가량을 0-2% 첨가한 호상요구르트를 제조한 후 이에 따른 품질을 평가하였다. 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 요구르트의 pH를 측정한 결과, 발효 8시간까지는 레몬그라스 열수 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH가 낮아졌으나, 발효 12시간 후에는 첨가군의 pH가 대조군보다 높았다. 젖산세균수 및 점성은 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 2% 첨가군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 요구르트의 색도의 경우 L값은 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 a값과 b값은 레몬그라스 열수 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 제거능에 대한 산화방지활성과 가용성 고형물 함량은 레몬그라스 열수 추출물의 첨가량이 많을수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 첨가 요구르트의 관능적 품질평가 결과 0.5% 첨가군의 전반적 기호도 점수가 가장 높게 나타났다. 발효가 완료된 요구르트를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 14일 간 저장한 결과, 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 0.5% 첨가군의 pH 및 적정산도는 저장초기와 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 젖산세균수 및 점성은 유의적으로 증가는 경향이 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 보아 요구르트 제조 시 0.5%의 레몬그라스 열수 추출물 첨가는 요구르트의 발효와 품질특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않으며 건강기능성 및 기호도를 향상시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2017

Objectives: Literature has shown that micro-organisms contaminate gutta percha (GP) during storage and manipulation. Till date herbal extracts are not explored as an alternative medicament for pre-operative chairside disinfection of GP cones. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of lemon grass oil (LG), basil oil (BO), and obicure tea extract (OT) in disinfecting GP cones before obturation. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of LG, BO, OT, and sodium hypochlorite (control) against common contaminants, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. One hundred and twenty GP cones were contaminated and cut into 2. First half was placed in the broth and incubated; whereas the second was treated with herbal extracts for 1 minute and then incubated for 24 hours in the broth. Any inhibition in bacterial growth was noted with presence/absence of turbidity. Two-way analysis of variance and ${\chi}^2$ test were used to assess the effectiveness of herbal extracts to decontaminate GP. Results: LG showed the highest inhibition zones ($29.9{\pm}6.9mm$) for all tested organisms, followed by OT extract ($16.3{\pm}1.8mm$), sodium hypochlorite ($16.0{\pm}1.6mm$), and BO ($14.5{\pm}5.3mm$). Statistically significant difference was observed between LG and other herbal extracts (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All extracts proved to be potential rapid chairside disinfectants of GP cones with LG showing the highest antimicrobial activity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2006

This experiment was undertaken to screen the acaricidal effects of herb essential oils (pennyroyal, ylang ylang, citronella, lemon grass, tea tree, and rosemary) at different doses (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and $0.00625{\mu}l/cm2$) and exposure times (5, 10, 20, 20, 30 and 60 min) on house dust mites Dermatophgoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. The most effective acaricidal components of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Of these essential oils, the most effective was pennyroyal, which is composed essentially of pulegone (> 99%), at a dose of $0.025{\mu}l/cm^2$, which at an exposure time of 5 min killed more than 98% of house dust mites. In the pennyroyal fumigation test, the closed method was more effective than the open method and maximum acaricidal effect was 100% at $0.025{\mu}l/cm^2$, 60 min. The results show that herb essential oils, in particular, pennyroyal was proved to have potent acaricidal activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 이러한 설치류 기피제로의 안전성과 친환경적인 소재를 발굴하기 위하여 향이 좋고 기능성이 풍부한 천연오일 13가지를 이용하여 설치류 기피제에 적용가능성에 대해 연구하였다. 먹이 섭취저해율과 서식지 기피활성 시험에서, 세이지(SS), 레몬그라스(CC)에서 높은 기피력을 확인하였다. 또한 설치류에 기피활성이 좋은 4가지 정유를 선발하여 8가지 Gram (-)과 Gram (+)균에 대한 항균활성을 평가한 결과 CC, CZ, SA, SS 에서 몇가지 균을 제외한 대부분의 균에 대한 항균활성을 확인하였다. 따라서 이들 오일을 이용하여 새로운 형태의 기피제로서의 개발이 가능하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2024

Purpose: Periodontal disease is a chronic condition caused by microbial infection and mediated by the host's immune response. Phytotherapy is a therapeutic approach that utilizes a renewable resource capable of supplying less expensive medicines for the world's growing population. This review aimed to present clinical evidence on the use of complementary medicinal herbs in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods: Different databases were searched using the terms "herbal" and "periodontitis." All included studies were examined with a focus on herbal indications, type, and prescription length. Dentists' therapeutic and prophylactic herbal prescribing habits were also assessed. Results: Various herbs such as turmeric, neem, aloe-vera, pomegranate, catechu, tulsi, cloves, lemon grass, green tea, tea tree oil, peppermint, garlic, pineapple, oak bark, babul, bakul, sage, coriander, moringa, amla, guava, and grape seed extract have been used in the treatment of periodontitis. These herbs have been reported to exhibit a range of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiplaque, antihalitosis, antiresorptive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. These components can be utilized in various forms such as mouth rinse, gel, oil, toothpaste, aqueous extract, mouthwash, or tooth powder. Conclusions: Several readily available herbal formulations are now available on the market and have been shown to be effective as supplemental periodontal phytotherapy. However, these should be used under the supervision of a dental professional to ensure optimal benefits and effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of suggested herbal prescription practices among dental professionals.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2012

식물추출물 함유(마늘추출액, 잔톡실럼오일, 레몬그라스오일 30%) 유제의 물벼룩급성독성 결과 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 $EC_{50}$은 $3.3mg\;L^{-1}$로 EPA 기준으로 보통독성정도이었고, 레몬그라스오일, 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일 함유 30% 유제의 $EC_{50}$는 $10mg\;L^{-1}$ 이상으로 저독성이었다. 송사리급성독성 시험의 경우, 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 $LC_{50}$ 값이 $3.0mg\;L^{-1}$으로 나타났으며 나머지 두 유제는 모두 $10mg\;L^{-1}$ 이상으로 확인되었다. 꿀벌급성독성시험은 접촉과 섭식 시험으로 나누어서 실시하였고, 접촉독성의 경우 모두 100 a.i ${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$ 이상으로 확인되었다. 섭식독성의 경우 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 $LD_{50}$ 값이 44.3 a.i ${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$ 이었으며 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일과 레몬그라스오일 함유 30% 유제의 경우 $LD_{50}$ 값이 100 a.i ${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$ 이상으로 나타나 독성이 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 지렁이급성독성시험의 경우, 마늘추출액, 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일, 레몬그라스오일 함유 30% 유제의 $LC_{50}$ 값이 각각 267, 592, $430mg\;kg^{-1}$ 로 나타났는데 이는 제품살포물량을 확정한 뒤 환경추정농도를 이용한 위해성평가를 통해 안전성을 확보한다면 친환경 농자재로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다.