• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2020

In this study, it focuses on the development of radiographic devices for patellar imaging. On the previous X-ray examination of patella and patellofemoral joint, it analyzed the problems which could affect the results: unstable patients' pose, radiation exposure, and deterioration of image quality. The purpose of the research is to propose a future use of a developed device with an explanation of the process, function, and advantage of the device including the methods. The device is developed to focus on the diagnosis of the longitudinal and longitudinal fractures of the patella and patella/femoral joint, displacement such as dislocation, bone formation, stenosis of the patella/femorla joint, and cartilage wear. Due to the patient's anxious posture, it caused a shaking image, overlapping structures, and etcs, these factors challenge to diagnose accurately. In addition, the existing Settegast method and Hughston method, which are most frequently performed in the hospital field, are not suitable for the presence or absence of features or dislocation due to the heavy load on the patella of the patient. The developed device requires patients in a lying position and placing only their leg on the device, it increases the conveniences of the examination and decreases unnecessary radiation exposure of the patient except the patellar examination area. Moreover, one of the systems in the device fixes the detector, where the patients no longer need to hold the detector nor be in unstable posture, but describes the structure of the patella/femoral joint more clearly. Hoping the device will apply to more patients.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.305-325
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• 2020

Beams of steel frame-tube structures (SFTSs) typically have span-to-depth ratios of less than five. This makes a flexural beam unsuitable for such an application because the plastic hinges at the beam-ends cannot be adequately developed. This leads to lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of SFTSs. To address this, SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (SFTS-BWSLs) are proposed. In this structural system, a web-connected replaceable shear link with a back-to-back double channel section is placed at the mid-length of the deep beam to act as a ductile fuse. This allows energy from earthquakes to be dissipated through link shear deformation. SFTS and SFTS-BWSL buildings were examined in this study. Several sub-structures were selected from each designed building and finite element models were established to study their respective hysteretic performance. The seismic behavior of each designed building was observed through static and dynamic analyses. The results indicate that the SFTS-BWSL and SFTS have similar initial lateral stiffness and shear leg properties. The SFTS-BWSL had lower strength, but higher ductility and energy dissipation capacities. Compared to the SFTS, the SFTS-BWSL had lower interstory drift, base shear force, and story shear force during earthquakes. This design approach could concentrate plasticity on the shear link while maintaining the residual interstory drift at less than 0.5%. The SFTS-BWSL is a reliable resistant system that can be repaired by replacing shear links damaged due to earthquakes.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

In cementless total hip arthroplasty(THA), an initial stability of the femoral component is mandatory to achieve bony inyowth and secondary long term fixation. Primary stability of the femoral component can be obtained by minimizing the magnitude of relative micromotions at bone stem interface. An accurate evaluation of interf'ace micromotion and stress/strain fields in the bone-implant system may be relevant for better understanding of clinical situations and improving THA design. Recently finite element method(FEM) was introduced in'orthopaedic research field due to its unique capacity to evaluate stress in structure of complex shape, loading and material behavior. The authors developed the 3-dimensional finite element model of proximal femur with $Multilock^{TM}$ stem of 1179 blick elements to analyse the micromotions and mechanical behaviors at the bone-stem inteface in early post-operative period for the load simulating single leg stance. The results indicates that the values of relative motion for this well fit stem were $150{\mu}m$ in maximum $82{\mu}m$ in minimum and the largest relative motion was developed in medial region of Proximal femur and in anterior-posterior direction. The motion in the proximal bone was much greater than in the distal bone and the stress pattern showed high stress concentration on the cortex near the tip of the stem. These findings indicate that the loading on the hip joint in the early postoperative situation before achieving bony ingrowth could produce large micromotion of $150{\mu}m$ and clinicaly non-cemented THA patient should not be allowed weight bearing strictly early in the postoperative period.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

사이버 공간 내에서 텍스트나 영상 이외에 보조적인 통신 수단으로써, 아바타 통신을 이용할 수 있다. 실시간 아바타 영상 통신을 위하여, 전체 영상이나 압축 영상을 전송하는 대신에 아바타의 애니메이션 파라미터(팔의 동작 및 제스처를 위한 각도 또는 얼굴 표정을 위한 파라미터 등)만을 전송하는 지적 통신방식을 이용하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 팔, 다리 등의 파라메타 등의 몸의 동적 움직임을 보조할 수 있는 수단으로써, 송신자의 감정을 표현할 수 있는 아바타의 얼굴 표정 생성에 대하여 제안한다. 얼굴 표정은 AU(Action Unit)에 의하여 표현할 수 있으며, 여기에서는 모양과 구조가 다른 아바타 모델에서 표정을 생성하기 위한 AU를 찾아내는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고, 감정 표현의 극대화를 위하여 얼굴 표현의 효율을 위하여, 눈썹, 눈, 코, 입에 대한 코믹 스타일을 가지는 아바타 모델을 제안한다. 또한, 얼굴 표정 합성을 위한 파라메타들도 제시하도록 한다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.241-257
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• 2020

The rapid proliferation of oil/gas drilling and wind turbine installations with jack-up rig-formed structures increases structural safety requirements, due to the greater risks of operational collisions during use of these structures. Therefore, current industrial practices and regulations have tended to increase the required accidental collision design loads (impact energies) for jack-up rigs. However, the existing simplified design approach tends to be limited to the design and prediction of local members due to the difficulty in applying the increased uniform impact energy to a brace member without regard for the member's position. It is therefore necessary to define accidental load estimation in terms of a reasonable collision scenario and its application to the structural response analysis. We found by a collision probabilistic approach that the kinetic energy ranged from a minimum of 9 MJ to a maximum 1049 MJ. Only 6% of these values are less than the 35 MJ recommendation of DNV-GL (2013). This study assumed and applied a representative design load of 196.2 MN for an impact load of 20,000 tons. Based on this design load, the detailed design of a leg structure was numerically verified via an FE analysis comprising three categories: linear analysis, buckling analysis and progressive collapse analysis. Based on the numerical results from this analysis, it was possible to predict the collapse mode and position of each member in relation to the collision load. This study provided a collision strength assessment between attendant vessels and a jack-up rig based on probabilistic collision scenarios and nonlinear structural analysis. The numerical results of this study also afforded reasonable evaluation criteria and specific evaluation procedures.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

Background: Hip flexor muscles are very important in the hip joint structure as a mover and stabilizer. In addition, isometric hip flexor strength in the supine position needs to be considered with isometric core strength (WICS) to measure a precise strength in a clinical way. Objects: We compared isometric hip flexor strength in the supine position in subjects with and without WICS (between factors) and conditions with and without an external support (within factors). Methods: A total of 34 subjects (16 with WICS, 18 without WICS) participated in this study. We used the double-bent leg-lowering test to divide the subjects in two groups according to the presence of WICS. Isometric hip flexor strength was evaluated in the supine position both with and without an external support condition. The two-way mixed analysis of variance was applied to identify significant differences between groups (with vs. without WICS: between factors) and conditions (with vs. without an external support: within factors). Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: In subjects with WICS, isometric hip flexor strength was greater with an external support than without it (p = 0.0064). In subjects without WICS, there were no significant differences in isometric hip flexor strength in the presence or absence of an external support (p = 0.075). The isometric hip flexor strength was significantly greater with an external support condition in particular in subjects with WICS. Conclusion: The findings of this study reported that an external support condition in individuals with WICS may contribute to the improvement of isometric hip flexion strength in the supine position. Therefore, isometric core strength should be evaluated to distinguish the weakness between core region and hip flexors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was examined to improve the standing posture of a scoliosis client using the ICF Tool. Methods: For examination, the study subject was a 16-year-old female student diagnosed with 3curve-pelvic (3CP) type scoliosis. Information about her were collected through a client interview and based on international Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF core set was for post-acute musculoskeletal conditions, and the ICF level 2 items suggested by National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) were added to the recommendations for scoliosis. For evaluation, the ICF assessment sheet was used to identify the interaction among the problems. For the diagnosis, the client's functional problems were described in ICF terms. For the prognosis, the global goals for reaching the client's functional activity and participation level were presented as the long-and short-term goals. For the intervention, a coordinative locomotor training program composed of warm-up, main exercise, and cool-down was applied 3 times a week, 50 minutes a day, for 5 weeks. For the outcome, the differences between before and after the intervention were compared with the ICF qualifier and are shown with the ICF evaluation display. Results: Clinical advantages were observed in body function and structure (7° decrease of thoracic angle, 7 score increase of trunk muscle power, 6.47s improve of one leg standing, 4 score decrease of neck pain). The activity for maintaining the standing posture, in which the client had a primary limitation, was improved. Conclusion: Applying the coordinative locomotor training program is expected to improve scoliosis client's standing posture.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2023

A 3-month-old Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) calf with difficulty taking normal posture and an inability to rise was referred for a definite diagnosis and active treatment, including surgery. The calf had a history of an accident in which both hind limbs were trapped in a barn structure. After admission, a "rabbit leg" posture was observed, a typical sign of gastrocnemius muscle rupture, and both digits were knuckled downward like they were trying to grip the ground. This was considered to be a result of the superficial digital flexor not rupturing but only the gastrocnemius muscle rupturing. Physical examination revealed laceration of the metatarsus and firmness behind both stifle joints which were presumed to be the sites of gastrocnemius muscle rupture. Skeletal abnormalities, including fractures, were ruled out by radiography. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral gastrocnemius muscle rupture, and surgery was performed to reconnect the head of the ruptured muscle. Because the rupture occurred perpendicular to the muscle direction, the locking loop technique, a method of suturing severed tendons, was used to reduce the tension. After surgery, the cast was used to prevent further injuries and promote voluntary rehabilitation. Follow-up was completed, with the calf showing normal posture and gait 112 days after surgery. This is the first case report in the Republic of Korea describing the successful diagnosis and treatment of bilateral gastrocnemius muscle rupture in a calf.

• 감성과학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 E-textile 기반 신축성 센서의 모양과 부착 위치가 동작 센싱 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이를 통해 인체 동작 센싱에 가장 적합한 의복 구조 요건을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험 대상 아동에게 센서의 모양과 부착 위치에 따라 조작된 실험복을 착의시킨 후 60 deg/sec의 속도로, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$의 동작 각도별로 팔과 다리의 굽힘, 폄 동작 의한 직물 센서의 신장과 수축에 따른 전압의 변화량을 측정하였으며, 가속도 센서를 함께 부착하여 동작의 일치도를 검증하였다. 또한 아동의 모형 팔과 다리를 제작하여 이를 대상으로 동일한 실험을 수행함으로써 인체의 팔, 다리의 동작 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 분석 결과 센서의 모양에서는 모형 대상 실험과 아동 대상 실험 모두에서 보트형의 센서 보다 장방형의 센서가 더 균일하고 안정적인 경향을 보여 재현성과 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 센서의 부착 위치는 모형 대상 실험에서는 팔꿈치와 무릎의 관절부로부터 4 cm 아래 지점에 부착된 경우, 아동 대상 실험에서는 팔꿈치와 무릎의 관절부에 위치했을 때 재현성과 신뢰성이 더 높았다. 본 연구에서는 아동의 사지 동작 측정에 적합한 센서를 개발하고 동작 센싱에 적합한 센서의 모양과 부착 위치의 조건을 분석하였으며, 의복에 통합된 유연한 직물 센서를 활용하여 인체 부위별 동작 센싱이 가능하다는 것을 규명하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.582-588
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• 1998

징거미 새우의 정소는 한 쌍의 관으로 되어 있고, 정소의 중앙 후반부에서 기원된 수정관은 제 5보각의 기부에 위치한 생식공까지 연결되어 있다. 수정관은 기부, 나선부, 말단부, 사정관으로 구분되었다. 수정관은 simple columnar ephithelium, high columnar ephithelium, 종주근과 환상근으로 이루어져 있다. AG는 수정관의 말단부에서 사정관에 걸쳐 위치하고 있다. AG의 형태는 불규칙한 세포 덩어리로 되어져 있고, hematoxyline에 약하게 염색되는 염색질과 둥글고 커다란 핵을 가진다. 핵질과 세포질은 염기성 핵막을 경계로 쉽게 구분되나, 세포질과 세포질사이의 경계는 그 구별이 어렵다. 암컷의 복판에 부착된 정포는 호산성기질, 호염기성기질 그리고 호염기성기질에 싸여있는 한 쌍의 정자덩어리로 구성되어 있다. 성숙정자는 압정형태이고, 두부는 가운데 부분이 약간 오목한 원반형이고, 미부는 두부 중앙부 하단의 약간 볼록한 부분에서 연장된 하나의 spike를 이루고 있다. 정자의 크기는 두부의 직경이 약 8 $\mu$m, 미부의 길이가 약 10 $\mu$m였다.