• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of passive stretching, active stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) for hamstring flexibility. Methods : Fifty-two college students volunteered for this study. Subjects were randomly devided into three groups : passive stretching, active stretching, PNF. Range of knee extension was measured with the subjects in the 90-90 straight leg raising at before and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after intervention. Results : In ROM changes 1st week, 3 groups were significant difference(p<.05). In ROM changes 3rd week, PNF group was significant difference(p<.05). ROM changes 1st week were significantly decreased from ROM changes 2nd week and 3rd week in all 3 groups(p<.05). Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that PNF is more effective method on hamstring flexibility than passive stretching or active stretching.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The current case study focuses on identifying the effects of the independent application of TECAR therapy and physiotherapeutic intervention using TECAR therapy on pain self-awareness and hip joint function in patients with hip impingement syndrome caused by nonstructural changes. Subjects: The research subject was a 34-year-old woman struggling with acute pain in her left hip, difficulty in actively moving the hip, and a problem in its overall function. METHODS: The subject's pain awareness and hip joint function were measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and passive range of motion (PROM), respectively. The experimental intervention was carried out in 24 sessions of 16 minutes each, three times a week, for eight weeks. RESULTS: The VAS score decreased to 0 cm on the post-test from 4.3 cm, 6.5 cm, and 7.2 cm in the pre-test at the rest, standing, and gait positions, respectively. The index of PROM measured hip joint flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and passive straight leg raise. The values increased to 122.5°, 24.5°, 78°, 33°, 65°, 42°, and 96.5° in the post-test compared to 88.5°, 15°, 39°, 21.5°, 23°, 22°, and 46.5° in the pre-test, respectively. CONCLUSION: TECAR therapy and physiotherapeutic intervention using TECAR can help reduce pain and enhance the hip joint function in patients with hip impingement syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Objective : This study verifies the effects of sensory integrative (SI) therapy on vestibular- and proprioceptive sensory (BPS) processing ability of a child with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Method : A boy who is 11 years and 2 months old took the Functional Independence Measure for Children (Wee-FIM), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Short Sensory Profile, Bruininks-Oserestky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2), and Test of Playfulness (ToP) for the baseline. The child participated in 3 evaluation sessions and 8 therapy sessions based on the AB research design. Duration of each session is 50 min and the therapy session is divided into 40 minutes for treatment and 10 minutes for evaluation. Since the vestibular sense and proprioception build up one's ability of postural control, several tests were employed to evaluate the child' postural control as outcome measure; distance from front leg of chair to heel of the child with sitting (C-H distance), angle between trunk and thigh (hip joint angle) with sitting, and the 'prone-extension posture' which is a subtest of Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skill (COMPS) to examine postural control embodied with integration of reflex and BPS processing. Result : During the therapy, average data of the C-H distance is decreased from 27.33cm to 11.69cm, average data of the hip joint angle is also decreased from $43.3^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$, and average time for the prone-extension posture is increased from 13.15seconds to 24.84seconds. Conclusion : This result indicates that the ability to postural control in sitting and to maintain the prone-extension posture can be improved by sensory integrative therapy, with enhanced BPS processing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.139-153
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to present technical guidance about the field goal kicking motion in American football for novices. For this purpose, kinematic analysis on the field goal kicking motion of two skilled players and two unskilled players was carried out. The following conclusions were made: 1. In comparison on the total elapsed time of the kicking, there were no significant differences between two groups. The progressing time from BP event to impact among experts group, however, took 0.141 second less than that of novices group. 2. The experts group showed right hip rotatier horizontally toward the targeted ball fixing left hip as the axis. On the other hand, the novices group didn't use the left hip as the axis in the kicking motion. 3. At the impact of kicking the ball, regarding with the distance of the ball and the supporting leg, the right and left distance of experts was 3.45cm longer than that of novices, the front and the rear distance of experts was 5.14cm shorter than novices. 4. At the impact, experts' initial velocity of the targeted ball was $5.27^m/s$ faster than novices', besides experts' incidence angular displacement was $3.78^{\circ}$ larger than novices'. 5. After BP event, experts showed a stable movement maintaining flexion and extension at left hip joint and knee joint. On the other hand, for novices, the angle of the left lower extremities became larger. 6. Experts showed the efficient flexion and extension of the hip joint and the knee joint during following procedure in the whole event of the kicking motion. At the BP event, the right knee joint angle of novices was $11.46^{\circ}$ larger than that of experts. However, the duration of the impact event and FT event among, novices had less extension of knee joint than experts. 7. At the 2nd phase, for both of the groups, the angular velocity of the knee joint drastically increased as the angular velocity of hip joint decreased. However, only novices showed the largest negative angular velocity at the impact.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of strength training on the change of ground reaction force for the children with trisomy 21 Down syndrome. The subjects of this study were consisted of eight elementary school students with Down syndrome who participated in the strength training. The strength training was administered by six items such as squat, leg curl, leg extension, toe raise, sit-ups, and hyperextension. For strengthening muscle, each group also was treated by walking for 8 weeks, three times a week, 10-15RM, 3sets, which was based on the principle of progressive overload. For inquiring the effect of strength training, the ground reaction force variables were measured in two phases : before-training and 8 week-after training. The gait of each subject was acquisition using 2 AMTI force platforms set at 100 frequency. The results of this study were as follows: The pattern of vertical, antero-posterior and medio-lateral forces, trajectory of net COP and the timing ratio of reaching the each events were shown variously. So, it is not easy to explain these variables clearly. As the result of strength training, these variables were changed. However, the results of within subjects differ greatly, there was no difference statistically.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and affecting factors on BMD of college women in Seoul. The subjects were 47 healthy college women aged 18-25 years. Antrophometric and body fat measurements were performed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(Tanita TVF 202). Blood pressure and pulse frequency were measured. Dietary intakes and general living habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis(CAN) program for professional. Serum total cholesterol, TG(triglyceride), HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, GOT, calcium were measured by Spotchem(SP-4410). Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured to monitor bone formation. BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4), right hip(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and right forearm were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). Muscle strength was measured by examining leg flexion strength(right and left), leg extension power(right and left), handgrip power(right and left) and back strength. All data were statistically analyzed by the SAS PC package program. BMD of college women was normal(by WHO, 1994). Their muscle strength was bad(by national fitness guidebook, 1995). Only a mall number of them exercised (32.6% of subjects). There was no significant difference among BMD, muscle strength and % body fat(p<0.05). There were significant differences between BMD and total cholesterol as well as TG and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Total cholesterol was associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm(p<0.05). TG and VLDL-cholesterol are associated with increasing BMD of right hip ward's triangle(p<0.05). There were significant differences among BMD, ALP and serum total protein. ALP was associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm(p<0.05). There were significant differences between BMD and Ca as well as between Na and K intakes (p<0.05). Intakes of Na and K were associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm (UD)(p<0.05). There were significant differences between in BMD and pulse frequently and serum albumin (p<0.05). Serum albumin is associated with increasing BMD of L3-L4(p<0.05), right hip neck(p<0.05). %Body fat, TG, VLDL-C, Ca intake, pulse frequency and serum albumin were associated with increasing BMD(p<0.05). Intakes of Na and K, ALP, total cholesterol, total cholesterol, total protein and height are associated with decreasing BMD(p<0.05). Overall results indicate that Ca intake but to be moderate in protein and Na intakes in order to increase BMD. Body exercise was recommended to increase BMD as well.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.603-613
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• 2010

The Domi Basin in the South Sea of Korea is located between the Jeju Basin and Ulleung Basins, and is characterized by several sediment sags that are interested to have formed by crustal extension. This paper aims to derive an optimized seismic data processing procedure which helps stratigraphic interpretation of the Domi Basin. In particular, our data processing flow incorporated horizon velocity analysis (HVA) and surface-relative wave equation multiple rejection (SRWEMR) to improve the quality of stack section by enhancing the continuity of reflection events and suppressing peg-leg multiples respectively. As a result of processing procedures in this study, unconformities were recognized in the stack section that defines the early and middle Miocene, Eocene-Oligocene sequences. In addition, the overall quality of the stack section was increased as essential data to investigate the evolution of the basin. The suppression of multiple resulted in the identification of the Cretaceous basement. The data processing scheme evaluated through this study is expected to improve the standardization of processing sequences for seismic data from the Domi and adjacent Sora and north-Sora Basins.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

Purpose : Myofascial decompression is frequently mentioned as a method applied to cupping. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare active range of motion (AROM), muscle strength, and functional movement by applying myofascial decompression to the hamstrings. Methods : This study evaluated AROM, muscle strength, and functional movement by applying active movement myofascial decompression and static myofascial decompression to the dominant leg, respectively, in a crossover design conducted with normal adults (n=21) in their average 20s enrolled at G University in G city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Active movement myofascial decompression was implemented for five minutes at a rate of 100 bpm to make the beats in flexion and extension respectively. Static myofascial decompression was only performed for five minutes while at rest. All of these interventions were performed at a cupping depth of two mm. After a one-week washout period, static was applied again to compare the same dependent variables. Results : Regarding AROM and muscle strength, both groups showed significant differences in the before and after results (p<.05). However, in the Functional Reach Aspect and Single Leg Hop test, the active movement myofascial decompression group showed better results. There was no statistical difference between the Active movement myofascial decompression group and Static myofascial decompression group in any dependent variable (p<.05). Conclusion : As a result of this experiment, both active movement myofascial decompression and static myofascial decompression had a positive effect on dependent variable. Therefore this study is meaningful in that it is easier and simpler to see the effect on flexibility, muscle strength, and functional movement just by implementing movement myofascial decompression.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of the shape and attachment position of stretchable textile sensors coated with carbon nanotube on their performance when used to measure children's joint movements. Moreover, the child-safe requirements for fabric motion sensors are established. The child participants were advised to wear integrated clothing equipped with the sensors of various shapes (rectangular and boat-shaped) and attachment positions (at the knee and elbow joints or 4 cm below the joints). The voltage change induced by the elongation and contraction of the fabric sensors was determined for arm and leg flexion-extension motions at 60 deg/s (three measurements of 10 repeats each for 60°and 90°angles, for a total of 60 repetitions). Their dependability was determined by comparing the fabric motion sensors to the associated acceleration sensors. The experimental results indicate that the rectangular-shaped sensor affixed 4 cm below the joint is the most effective fabric motion sensor for measuring children's arm and leg motions. In this study, we designed a textile sensor capable of tracking children's joint motion and analyzed the sensor shape and attachment position on motion sensing clothing. We demonstrated that flexible fabric sensors integrated into garments may be used to detect the joint motions of the human body.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective health status of joints, flexibility of joints, muscle strength and state of Joint exercise in elderly people living in the community. Method: The participants were 74 elderly people in a health program of the Gerontological Health Research Center at G University. The data were collected from March to July, 2003. The instrument for the study included items on general characteristics (5 items), subjective health status of joints (10 items), flexibility of Joints and strength of muscle (8 items), and state of joint exercise (7 items). Results: The score for subjective health status of joints was 3.70 (range 1-5). Knee and waist joints were in the worst state. Neck extension and flexion were $17.38{\pm}1.80$ and $.60{\pm}1.08(cm)$ respectively. Trunk extension and flexion were $68.24{\pm}4.47$ and $58.00{\pm}4.91(cm)$ respectively. Flexibility of the Rt./Lt. shoulder joints was $14.63{\pm}12.51/18.82{\pm}13.80(cm)$. Muscle strength of the Rt./Lt. leg was $30.47{\pm}19.68/29.67{\pm}21.22$ (sec.). Shoulder joints were more flexible for men and people in their sixties compared to women and people in their seventies. Hand grip was stronger for men compared to women. The score for state of joint exercise was 2.83(range 1-4). The state of handgrip correlated with the state of joint exercise [r=.423 (Rt.)/r=.273(Lt.)]. Conclusion: To prevent falls and disorders in neuromuscular function, it is important to develop systemic joint exercise programs for elderly people.