• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1983

Left ventricular volume would be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with various heart diseases. So we measured left ventricular volume index using gated blood pool nuclear cardiac angiography which was easy to perform, non-invasive, and capable of repetitive studies. These left ventricular volume indices were compared with left ventricular volumes by quantitative cardiac cine-angiography and the results were as follows, 1. The correlation coefficient between left ventricular volume indices and left ventricular volumes was 0.829 (p<0.001). 2. The correlation coefficient between left ventricular volume indices and absolute left ventricular volumes which were obtained by measurement of cardiac output of patients. 3. There were good correlation in intraobserver and interobserver analysis.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2019

Objective: To assess the accuracy and potential bias of computed tomography (CT) ventricular volumetry using semiautomatic three-dimensional (3D) threshold-based segmentation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot, and to compare them to those of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 32 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who had undergone both cardiac CT and MRI within 3 years. For ventricular volumetry, semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation was used in CT, while a manual simplified contouring 2D method was used in MRI. The indexed ventricular volumes were compared between CT and MRI. The indexed ventricular stroke volumes were compared with the indexed arterial stroke volumes measured using phase-contrast MRI. The mean differences and degrees of agreement in the indexed ventricular and stroke volumes were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The indexed end-systolic (ES) volumes showed no significant difference between CT and MRI (p > 0.05), while the indexed end-diastolic (ED) volumes were significantly larger on CT than on MRI (93.6 ± 17.5 mL/m² vs. 87.3 ± 15.5 mL/m² for the left ventricle [p < 0.001] and 177.2 ± 39.5 mL/m² vs. 161.7 ± 33.1 mL/m² for the right ventricle [p < 0.001], respectively). The mean differences between CT and MRI were smaller for the indexed ES volumes (2.0-2.5 mL/m²) than for the indexed ED volumes (6.3-15.5 mL/m²). CT overestimated the stroke volumes by 14-16%. With phase-contrast MRI as a reference, CT (7.2-14.3 mL/m²) showed greater mean differences in the indexed stroke volumes than did MRI (0.8-3.3 mL/m²; p < 0.005). Conclusion: Compared to 2D MRI, CT ventricular volumetry using semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation provides comparable ES volumes, but overestimates the ED and stroke volumes in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.785-791
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• 2000

Left ventricular dysfuction is common in immediate postoperative periods after surgical correction of heart diseases with chronic left ventricular volume overload. We speculated postoperative changes of left ventricular volume and unction in patients with patent ductus osus(PDA) who had underwent surgical repair at ages older than 16 years. Factors influencing postoperative left ventricular volume and function were also analyzed. Material and Method: From August 1989 to August 1999 thirty-siz adult patients with PDA 28 females and 8 males. were enrolled in this study. Their age ranged from 16 years to 57 years(mean :32 years). Types of surgical repair were division with primary closure in 22, division with patch closure in 6, internal obliteration using cardiopulmonary bypass in 4 and ligation in 4. Aortic clamping was combined during surgical repair in 22(61%) and cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 8(22%) Two-dimensional echocardiography studies were performed in 34(94%) preoperatively and in 25(66%) immediate postoperatively to assess postoperative changes of left ventricular internal dimensions. left ventricular volume and ejection fraction. Duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 month to 99 months (mean:22 months) and 10 patients underwent 16 echocardiographic evaluation during this period Result : Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular systolic dimensions(LVIDs) were 42$\pm$8.0mm and 42$\pm$8.3mm left ventricular diastolic dimensions(LVIDd) were 64$\pm$10.0mm and 56$\pm$7.4mm left ventricular end systolic volumes(LVESV) were 62$\pm$19cc (z=1.87$\pm$0.06) and 59$\pm$24cc(z=1.78$\pm$0.08) left ventricular end diastolic volumes(LVEDL) were 169$\pm$40cc(z-1.17$\pm$0.1) and 112$\pm$29cc(z=0.85$\pm$0.1) and ejection fractions(EF) were 66$\pm$6.7% and 48$\pm$12.6% respectively. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values in LVDIDd(p=0.001) LVEDV(p=0.001) and EF(p=0.0001) while no significant difference is LVIDs and LVESV. Postoperative depression of ejcection fraction was significantly related with z-score of preoperative LVESV and LVEDV by univariateanalysis while LVEDV only was significant risk factor for postoperative LV dysfunction by multiple regressioin analysis ($\Delta$LVEF=-13.3-4.62$\times$LVEDV(z), p=0.001) During the follow-up periods ejection fractions become normalized in all except one patients. Conclusion ; Left ventricular function is usually deteriorated after the surgical correction of PDA in adult age and preoperative LVEDV is a major determinant of postoperative LV function.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1042-1052
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• 2018

Objective: To determine the utility of computed tomography (CT) ventricular volumes and morphometric parameters for deciding the treatment strategy in children with a hypoplastic left ventricle (LV). Materials and Methods: Ninety-four consecutive children were included in this study and divided into small LV single ventricle repair (SVR) (n = 28), small LV biventricular repair (BVR) (n = 6), disease-matched control (n = 19), and control (n = 41) groups. The CT-based indexed LV volumes, LV-to-right-ventricular (LV/RV) volume ratio, left-to-right atrioventricular valve (AVV) area ratio, left-to-right AVV diameter ratio, and LV/RV long dimension ratio were compared between groups. Proportions of preferred SVR in the small LV SVR group suggested by the parameters were evaluated. Results: Indexed LV end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) volumes in the small LV SVR group ($6.3{\pm}4.0mL/m^2$ and $14.4{\pm}10.2mL/m^2$, respectively) were significantly smaller than those in the disease-matched control group ($16.0{\pm}4.7mL/m^2$ and $37.7{\pm}12.0mL/m^2$, respectively; p < 0.001) and the control group ($16.0{\pm}5.5mL/m^2$ and $46.3{\pm}10.8mL/m^2$, respectively; p < 0.001). These volumes were $8.3{\pm}2.4mL/m^2$ and $21.4{\pm}5.3mL/m^2$, respectively, in the small LV BVR group. ES and ED indexed LV volumes of < $7mL/m^2$ and < $17mL/m^2$, LV/RV volume ratios of < 0.22 and < 0.25, AVV area ratios of < 0.33 and < 0.24, and AVV diameter ratios of < 0.52 and < 0.46, respectively, enabled the differentiation of a subset of patients in the small LV SVR group from those in the two control groups. One patient in the small LV biventricular group died after BVR, indicating that this patient might not have been a good candidate based on the suggested cut-off values. Conclusion: CT-based ventricular volumes and morphometric parameters can suggest cut-off values for SVR in children with a hypoplastic LV.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1987

Attenuated end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular counts which obtained from cardiac gated blood pool scan were corrected using experimentally calculated attenuation coefficient $(\mu=0.13/cm)$ and depth of center of left ventricle. This method was confirmed to be correct experimentally using phantom balloon. To compare the accuracy of attenuated and attenuation-corrected left ventricular volume measurement, authors studied 10 patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent both gated blood pool scan and X-ray contrast ventriculography within a week. The attenuated and attenuation-corrected left ventricular volume measured by count method correlated with contrast ventriculographic volumes; however, attenuation corrected measurement was correlated more closely.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.755-761
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• 2004

말기 허혈성 심근질환에서 좌심실내 원형패취 성형술(Dor 술식)이 심근 기능의 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 서울대학교병원 흉부외과에서 시행한 Dor 술식의 결과를 분석해 보았다. 대상 및 방법： 1998년 4월부터 2002년 12월 사이에 좌심박출계수 35% 이하의 허혈성 심근질환으로 관상동맥우회술과 함께 Dor 술식을 시행한 45례의 환자를 대상으로 수술 전, 수술 직후 및 술 후 1년째에 심초음파, 심근 SPECT, 심도자 및 조영술을 시행하여 좌심실 박출계수 및 용적 등의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 심폐바이패스 및 대동맥 차단시간은 각각 평균 141$\pm$64, 69$\pm$24분이었다. 7례에서 수술전에 대동맥내풍선펌프를 사용하였으며 수술 중 및 수술 후 저심박출 증후군을 보인 9례와 3례에서 대동맥내 풍선펌프를 삽입하였다. 수술 사망은 1례(2.2%)가 있었으며, 합병증으로는 저심박출 증후군(12례), 심방세동(5례), 급성신부전(4례), 출혈에 의한 재수술(4례) 등이 있었다. 술 후 1개월째 환자의 NYHA 기능지수는 평균 2.8에서 1.1로 유의하게 향상되었다(p < 0.01). 수술 직후 시행한 좌심실조영술상 박출계수는 수술 전과 비교해서 32 $\pm$ 9%에서 52$\pm$11%로, asynergy 분획은 57 $\pm$ 12%에서 22 $\pm$ 9%로, 좌심실확장기말, 수축기말 용적 계수들도 각각 125$\pm$39 mL/$m^2$, 85 $\pm$30 mL/$m^2$에서 66$\pm$23 mL/$m^2$, 32$\pm$16 mL/$m^2$으로 통계적으로 유의한 개선을 보였다(p<0.01). 술 후 1년째에 시행한 심초음파검사, 심근 SPECT, 심도자 및 조영술상 수술 직후와 비교해서 좌심박출계수, 좌심실 확장기말용적, 좌심실 수축기말용적은 큰 차이는 없었으나, 좌심실 용적들은 조금씩 늘어나는 양상을 보였다. 결론: 허혈성심근질환에서 좌심실내 패취 성형술은 현저하게 좌심박출계수의 향상과 좌심실용적의 감소를 가져오며 술 후 1년까지도 지속되었으나, 좌심실용적은 다소 증가하는 양상을 보여 술 후에도 좌심실의 재확장을 막기 위한 적극적인 약물치료가 필요함을 시사하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2000

단일 볼륨랜더링과 다중 볼륨랜더링의 가장 큰 차이점은 데이타 혼합방법으로 본 논문에서는 특정 볼륨을 표면수준에 따라 선택적으로 빠르게 가시화하는 선택적 랜더링방법과 다중 볼륨을 위한 데이타 혼합방법을 제안한다. 선택적 랜더링방법은 관심부위를 구성하는 외곽선으로부터 최소거리를 결정하는 거리변환을 통하여 거리변환볼륨을 생성하고 이를 랜더링하는 방법이며, 다중 볼륨을 위한 데이타 혼합방 법은 명암도 가중치 방법, 불투병도 가중치 방법, 깊이 정보를 고려한 불투병도 가중치 방법을 이용하여 여러 개의 볼륨을 혼합하는 방법이다. 실험 결과로는 EBCT 가슴부위 영상에 선택적 랜더링방법을 적용하여 생성한 좌심실, 우심실 영상을 제시하며, 가슴부위 볼륨과 좌심실 볼륨 또는 우심실 볼륨에 세 가지 다른 혼합방법을 적용하여 얻은 혼합 영상을 제시한다. 본 제안방법은 거리변환볼륨을 사용함으로써 표면수준에 따라 특정 볼륨을 가시화하고 가시화 시간을 가속화시킬 수 있으며, 데이타 혼합을 통하여 단일 볼륨랜더링 한계를 극복하여 동일 공간 상에 다중 영상을 함께 표현함으로써 복잡한 형태로부터 관심부위의 형태와 상대적 관계를 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Background: Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has emerged as an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ventricular volumetry. However, the clinical use of cardiac CT requires external validation. Methods: Both cardiac CT and MRI were performed prior to pulmonary valve implantation (PVI) in 11 patients (median age, 19 years) who had undergone total correction of tetralogy of Fallot during infancy. The simplified contouring method (MRI) and semiautomatic 3-dimensional region-growing method (CT) were used to measure ventricular volumes. Results: All volumetric indices measured by CT and MRI generally correlated well with each other, except for the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LV-ESVI), which showed the following correlations with the other indices: the right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RV-EDVI) (r=0.88, p<0.001), the right ventricular end-systolic volume index (RV-ESVI) (r=0.84, p=0.001), the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LV-EDVI) (r=0.90, p=0.001), and the LV-ESVI (r=0.55, p=0.079). While the EDVIs measured by CT were significantly larger than those measured by MRI (median RV-EDVI: $197mL/m^2$ vs. $175mL/m^2$, p=0.008; median LV-EDVI: $94mL/m^2$ vs. $92mL/m^2$, p=0.026), no significant differences were found for the RV-ESVI or LV-ESVI. Conclusion: The EDVIs measured by cardiac CT were greater than those measured by MRI, whereas the ESVIs measured by CT and MRI were comparable. The volumetric characteristics of these 2 diagnostic modalities should be taken into account when indications for late PVI after tetralogy of Fallot repair are assessed.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2008

목적: 개정 도씨 술식과 승모판 고리성형을 동시에 시행한 후 심실의 형태와 기능의 초기 변화를 자기공명영상을 이용하여 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 총 21명의 확장성 심부전 환자를 대상으로 하여 8명에서 개정 도씨 술식을, 6명에서 승모판 고리성형을, 7명에서 두 수술을 동시에 시행하였다. 영화 자기공명영상을 이용하여 수술 전과 후에 좌심실의 형태와 기능을 평가하였다. 좌심실의 이완기말 용적과 수축기말 용적, 장축과 단축의 길이를 측정하고 이로부터 좌심실의 일회박출량, 박출률, 구형지수를 계산하여 구하였다. 이렇게 구해진 인자들을 분석하고 술식이 서로 다른 3군에서 어떻게 다른지 비교하고 두 수술을 동시에 시행할 때의 효과를 해석하였다. 결과: 자기공명영상은 수술 전 $12\;{\pm}\;15$ 일 (범위 1-58 일)과 수술 후 $38\;{\pm}\;50$ 일 (범위 7- 231 일)에 시행하였다. 두 수술을 동시에 시행한 군에서 다른 군에 비하여 수술 전 좌심실의 확장이 더 심하였고 수축력이 더 감소되어 있었다. 수술 후, 좌심실의 이완기말 용적과 수축기말 용적은 수술 형태와 관계없이 모든 환자에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 박출률은 개정 도씨 술식을 받은 환자 군에서만 유의하게 증가하였다 (25.4% to 40.7%). 구형지수는 개정 도씨 술식을 받은 환자에서는 증가하였고 승모판 고리성형을 받은 환자에서는 감소하였다 (0.65 to 0.78 vs. 0.75 to 0.65). 두 수술을 동시에 시행한 환자에서는 유의한 구형지수의 변화가 없었다. 결론: 개정 도씨 술식과 승모판 고리성형을 동시에 시행받은 확장성 심부전 환자에서 좌심실의 형태와 기능의 초기 변화는 좌심실 용적과 일회박출량의 현저한 저하이다. 승모판 고리성형에 의한 구형지수의 감소는 개정 도씨술식에 의한 구형지수의 증가에 의해 상쇄되어 좌심실의 형태는 변하지 않는다. 두 수술을 동시에 시행한 후 좌심실 박출률의 향상은 조기에 일어나지 않는다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

Gated myocardial SPECT and attenuation correction gave birth to new insights into the pathophysiology of ischemic myocardial perfusion and function in clinical routine practice. Gated myocardial Tc-99m-compound SPECT improved diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease and enabled us to observe motion and thickening of myocardial walls as well as myocardial perfusion at the same time. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of myocardial performance and perfusion let us to understand the myocardial physiology in ischemia and infarction. In every patient who underwent gated perfusion SPECT, we will find ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes and regional wall motion. There are hopes to use gated TI-201 SPECT for the same purpose and to use gated SPECT for evaluation of wall motion and thickening at stress or immediate post-stress. Attenuation correction could improve diagnostic accuracy mainly by increasing normalcy ratio or performance of non-expert physicians. Both gated methods and attenuation correction improved specificity of non-expert physicians in diagnosing patients with moderate pretest likelihood. New imaging techniques will fill the desire of cardiologists to examine function and perfusion, and possibly metabolism in their clinical routine practice.