• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2003

Ten MHz pulsed NMR spectrometer was used to measure the magnetic resonance characteristics of Korean red ginseng. The difference in the internal structures of good and bad red ginsengs was examined by their NMR characteristics. Average values of $T_1$ and free induction decay(FID) ratios of under grade Korean red ginseng were the highest among the three groups categorized as normal, medium and under grades Korean red ginseng and average values of $T_2$ and $T_2$$^{＊}$ of them were the lowest among the three groups. Principal component analysis(PCA) was used to observe the contribution of measured NMR values to the grade of Korean red ginseng. The measured $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_2$$^{＊}$ and FID ratio of 79 Korean red ginsengs classified as normal grade, medium grade and under grade were examined using PCA analysis. Cumulative variance of PC1 through PC3 occupied more than 90% of total variance at first and second NMR measurement. Plots of PC scores for the most important PCs showed that normal red ginseng samples were distributed around the left region of PC1 axis and most of the undergrade red ginseng samples were scattered around the right region of PC1 axis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.887-893
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• 1990

We have experienced 142 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from January 1987 to June 1990 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha General Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine. The age of patients ranged from 16 to 79 years \ulcornerold. The incidence was highest between late 2nd and 3rd decades in non tuberculous group. Males occupied 110 cases [77.6%] and females 32 cases [22. 5%], and its ratio was 3.4: l. The incidence of right side pneumothorax was 76 cases [53.5%] and left side was 65 cases [45.8%]. There was one case of bilateral pneumothorax. The most common chief complaints were chest pain and dyspnea. The associated pulmonary lesions were pulmonary tuberculosis, active or healed in 51 cases [35.9%], Subpleural bleb in 19 cases [13.4%], emphysematous bulla in 12 cases [13.4%], asthma in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, pneumonia in 1, cyst in 1. The unknown origin pneumothorax, so called "idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax”, which seemed to be caused by the rupture of bleb or bulla most likely, were 52 cases [36. 6%] in our series. Generally, closed [tube] thoracotomy with underwater sealed drainage is the treatment of choice in spontaneous pneumothorax. We experienced 94 cases[66.2%] which were cured by closed thoracotomy. However, open thoracotomy and adequate surgical procedures were undertaken in patient with continuous air leakage or recurrent attacks of spontaneous pneumothorax in 48 cases [33.8%]. The minithoracotomy is a good procedure for the bullectomy of upper lobe.lobe.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.571-583
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• 1983

Thymic tumor is the most common neoplasm originating in the anterior mediastinum. Histologically, thymic tumors and tumorlike conditions have been classified into thymic cyst, thymolipoma, true thymic hyperplasia, thymoma and carcinoid tumor of the thymus gland. We have experienced several tumors and a few tumorlike conditions of the thymus gland in 10 patients: thymoma 6, thymic hyperplasia 2, carcinoid tumor 1 and thymic cyst 1. The age distributions were ranging from 30 to 60 years except for one 3 year old child [malignant thymoma, lymphocytic type], and male to female ratio was 1:1.5. In 6 cases, thymic lesions were removed through lateral thoracic incision [right 2, left 4] because the mediastinal masses were growing far into the pleural space, meanwhile, medially located lesions [4 cases] through median sternotomy incision. Among these 10 patients, 3 were malignant thymomas, in which 2 were died of recurrence after tumor resection. Myasthenia gravis was all noted in 3 females [thymoma 2, thymic follicular hyperplasia 1], in which only two revealed remission in symptoms following thymectomy. The authors would like to recommend early radical thymectomy through median sternotomy incision whenever patients demonstrate suspicious thymic tumor lesions on the chest roentgenogram or generalized myasthenic symptoms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the key factors in designing a three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) that is suitable for soybean production, and ensure worker safety by proposing optimal work conditions for the prototype of the designed machine in relation to the slope of the road. Methods: A three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) was designed and its prototype was fabricated based on the local soybean-production approach. This approach was considered to be closely related to the prototype-designing of the cutter and the wheel driving system of the reaper. Load distribution on the wheels of the prototype, its minimum turning radius, static lateral overturning angle, tilt angle during driving, and The working and rear overturning (back flip) angle were measured. Based on the gathered information, investigations were conducted regarding optimal work conditions for the prototype. The investigations took into account driving stability and worker safety. Results: The minimum ground clearance of the prototype was 0.5 m. The blade height of the prototype was adjusted such that the cutter was operated in line with the height of the ridges. The load distribution on the prototype's wheels was found to be 1 (front wheel: F): 1.35 (rear-left wheel: RL): 1.43 (rear-right wheel: RR). With the ratio of load distribution between the RL and RR wheels being 1: 1.05, the left-to-right lateral loads were found to be well-balanced. The minimum turning radius of the prototype was 2.0 m. Such a small turning radius was considered to be beneficial for cutting work on small-scale fields. The sliding of the prototype started at $25^{\circ}$, and its lateral overturning started at $39.3^{\circ}$. Further, the critical slope angle for the worker to drive the prototype in the direction of the contour line on an incline was found to be $12.8^{\circ}$, and the safe angle of slope for the cutting was measured to be less than $6^{\circ}$. The critical angle of slope that allowed for work was found to be $10^{\circ}$, at which point the prototype would overturn backward when given impact forces of 1,060 N on its front wheel. Conclusions: It was determined that farmers using the prototype would be able to work safely in most soybean production areas, provided that they complied with safe working conditions during driving and cutting.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs of dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: The reproducibility of panoramic radiographs was evaluated using the panoramic radiographs acquired from 30 anterior dentulous patients by using a common biting positioning device (dentulous group) and 30 anterior edentulous patients by using chin-support devices to take a panoramic radiograph (edentulous group), respectively; these patients had undergone 3 or more panoramic radiographs. The widths and angles between the designated landmarks were measured on the panoramic radiographs, and the reproducibility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation. Results: In the dentulous and edentulous groups, the ICCs of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle areas were higher than the condylar head and zygomatic areas. The mandibular ramus and angle areas showed statistically lower mean coefficients of variation than the condylar head and zygomatic areas in the dentulous group. The mandibular angle area showed a significantly lower mean coefficient of variation than the zygomatic area in the edentulous group. By comparing the two groups, each ICC of the edentulous group was lower than that of the dentulous group, and the mean coefficients of variation of the mandibular ramus area, zygomatic area, left condylar inclination, and ramus ratio between the right and the left in the edentulous group were significantly higher than those in the dentulous group. Conclusion: Biting positioning for dentulous patients provided better positioning reproducibility than chin-support positioning when performing panoramic radiography for edentulous patients.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.350-364
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.484-489
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• 2003

목 적 : PA/IVS의 형태학적 및 혈역학적 다양성을 이해하고 최적의 치료방침을 결정하기 위하여 PA/IVS 신생아 환아들에서 심초음파기를 이용하여 우심실의 용적 및 유입부, 유출부의 크기를 측정하여 정상 신생아와 비교해 보았다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 12월까지 청색증 및 심잡음으로 경북대학교병원 신생아실로 전원된 신생아 중 심초음파 검사로 PA/IVS로 진단받은 환아 8명을 대상으로 하였다. 심초음파 검사 당시의 대상환아의 나이는 평균 6.9일(생후 1-34일), 체중은 3,343 gm(2,970-4,000 gm)이고, 이중 남아가 5례, 여아는 3례였다. 대조군으로는 만삭아이면서 심질환이 없이 패혈증 의증이나 황달로 신생아실에 입원한 환아 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 심초음파 검사는 Acuson사의 Aspen 기기(7 Mh 탐촉자 장착)로 시행하여 super-VHS 비디오테이프에 녹화하였고, 기기안에 내장된 프로그램을 이용하여 우심실과 좌심실 용적, 대동맥판, 폐동맥판, 승모판, 삼첨판륜의 직경을 측정하고 대조군과 비교하였다. 결 과 : PA/IVS 환아들의 삼첨판륜의 Z-value는 $-3.69{\pm}2.80$(-8.4--0.45), 삼첨판륜/승모판륜의 직경의 비는 $0.69{\pm}0.15$(0.43-0.84)로 측정되었다. 삼첨판/승모판륜의 직경의 비와 삼첨판 Zvalue의 관계에서는 삼첨판/승모판륜의 크기의 비가 클수록 삼첨판륜의 Z-value가 컸다(r=0.885, P=0.003). 또한 판막성형술만 시행한 환아들 에서는 다른 치료를 시행한 환아들에 비해 우심실 용적과 삼첨판, 폐동맥판의 Z-value가 높았고, 삼첨판륜/승모판륜 직경의 비가 높았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 결 론 : PA/IVS 환아의 심초음파 평가에서 우심실 용적을 계측하는 것보다 삼첨판의 Z-value 및 삼첨판륜/승모판륜 직경의 비를 구하는 것이 계측방법도 간편하고, 환아의 치료방침 및 예후를 판정하는데 더 좋은 지표로 생각된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2018

$CO_2$ concentration has a significant effect on quality of cold-stored apples. High indoor $CO_2$ concentrations above 10,000 ppm cause the browning of apples and result in economic loss for farmers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate $CO_2$ concentrations and their distribution in a controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and provide better structural designs to improve the $CO_2$ environment using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The CFD model was developed for a real CA storage for apples and applied to investigate the effect of changing the inlet and outlet locations and the aspect ratio of the floor of the CA storage on the spatial distributions of $CO_2$ concentration and the browning of the apples. The lowest $CO_2$ concentrations in existing CA storage with a high aspect ratio of the floor were achieved from the combination of the inlet located at the top of the right side and the outlet located at the bottom of the left side. In modified CA storage with a low aspect ratio, the combination of the inlet and outlet located at top and bottom of left side respectively achieved the lowest $CO_2$ concentrations. The proposed case enhanced the storage performance by reducing total browned apples by 3.6% in storage duration of 210 days. This study is expected to reduce the browning damages of apples in CA storage, and thus greatly prevent economic losses.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1975

Authors have reviewed the records of seven patients of multiple rib fractures with severe flail chest who were admitted to Hanyang University Hospital during the 3 years period from 1972 through 1975. Of the seven patients studied, automobile accidents led to the injuries in 4 cases, two patients were injured in fall from a tree and on the ox-heading. All who had a blunt trauma without any open wound on the chest. The numbers of the fractured ribs accounted for 6 to 9 of the ribs including double fractures from 3 to 5 ribs. The left side fractures occurred in the 6 patients and in the right only one patient. Thus the flail segment was more often located in the left antero-lateral position than in the right lateral position [the ratio was 6:1].. All cases had associated injuries. The injuries and multiple fractures were the most common associated injuries occurring in four and five of the patients respectively. The patients were classified as having associated head injuries when they were admitted in comatose or semicomatose state. When a major degree of instability of the thoracic cage exists, adequate respiratory change is not possible. For this reason the tracheostomy was performed in five patients in an acutely injured patient with flail chest only after an endotracheal tube has been inserted or after an endotracheal suction. All patients had secondary complications in the pleural cavity, such as hemothorax or hemopneumothorax with or without intrapulmonary hemorrhage and subcutaneous emphysema. Therefore, closed thoracostomy was performed in five patients in the emergency room. The thoracotomy was required in four patients: immediate operation without closed thoracostomy was performed in two patients and the thoracotomy was indicated in two patients after closed thoracostomy, because of increasing intrathoracic hemorrhage. As to the fixation of the flail segments, authors employed two techniques; one was towel clip traction of the flail segments and the other was intramedullary insertion of Kirschner`s wire in to the double fractured rib fragments for the fixation of the flail segments [Kirschner`s wire fixation]. Because` of an different results in the course of treatment between two techniques, data from patients with towel clip traction was compared with those from patients with thoracotomy and Kirschner`s wire fixation of the flail segments. Of the three patients with towel clip traction, two patients required bronchoscopic toilet due to lung atelectasis which developed because of inadequate motion of thoracic cage and poor expectoration. This was in contrast to the four patients with thoracotomy and Kirschner`s wire fixation, who didn`t these complication because of adequate motion of the thoracic cage and subsequent good expectoration.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2006

구강안면 영역의 통증이나 치아결손, 부정교합 같은 치아적 요소가 편측저작습관의 주요요인으로 여겨지나, 치아적 요소가 선호하는 저작측에 영향을 주지 않는다는 연구들도 있다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터화된 교합분석 시스템인 T-Scan II 시스템을 사용하여 편측으로 저작하는 대상자와 양측으로 저작하는 대상자 사이에 교합양상의 특이점이 있는지 조사하고 편측 저작자의 주저작측과 비저작측 사이의 차이를 함께 평가하고자 하였다. 편측저작습관에 대한 설문을 통하여 20명의 편측 저작자(평균 $25.25{\pm}2.84$세)와 20명의 양측 저작자(평균 $27.00{\pm}5.07$세)를 선정하였으며 치아적 문제나 악골의 통증이나 기능이상 같은 문제가 있는 경우는 모두 제외하였다. 습관적 폐구와 측방운동시의 교합양상은 T-Scan II 시스템을 이용하여 측정하였다. 습관적 폐구는 시간에 따라 초기, 중기, 말기로 나누었다. 각 세 단계에서의 접촉점의 수와 교합력의 비율을 좌우 양측으로 나누어 조사하였다. 습관적 페구 동안의 경과시간 및 치아 활주면적, 좌우측 각각의 측방운동시간이 측정되었다. 편측 저작 습관을 가진 사람들의 경우 양측 저작을 하는 사람에 비해서 치아의 평균 교합 면적이 작았다(p<0.005). 습관적 편측저작자에서 저작측과 비저작측을 비교해보았을 때 비저작측의 교합면적은 저작측에 비해 작았으나 (p<0.005), 편측저작자의 저작측과 양측저작군의 어느 한쪽의 교합면적 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 최초접촉부터 최대교두감합위까지의 경과 시간 및 측방운동 시간, 치아의 활주 면적 및 교합력의 좌우 비율도 양측저작군과 편측저작군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 저작시 좌우측 중 교합면적이 작은 측을 피하여 교합효율이 높은 방향으로 저작을 한다는 것을 의미한다.