• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

In this study, a seismic reinforcement system was developed considering the rocking behavior of walls. The rocking behavior is to rotate left and right around the vertical axis of the wall, and the development system is a method of dissipating energy by installing a damper to a large displacement part. Developed steel rod damper was used, and steel rod diameter and length(aspect ratio) were selected as variables. As a result of the experiment, it was evaluated to have excellent seismic performance when the damper length was 260mm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the differences of physiological variables by age group in alcohol-consuming men. The thirty year old-age group had the lowest waist-hip ratio (WHR), right and left cardio-ankle vascular index (R-CAVI and L-CAVI), right and left ankle-brachial index (R-ABI and L-ABI), amylase, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and the highest body weight (BW), interleukin-6 (IL-6), right and left intraocular pressure (R-IP and L-IP), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte, red blood cells distribution width (RDW), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and ferritin levels. The forty year old-age group was the highest in hs CRp and CPK levels, but the lowest in ferritin level. The fifty year old-age group possessed the highest WHR, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), R- and L-ABI, eosinophil, and amylase levels. The sixty year old-age group had the highest R- and L-CAVI, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ALP, $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), rheumatoid factor (RF), $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and the lowest BW, DBP, R-IP, L-IP, Hct, Hb, leukocyte, platelet, RDW, eosinophil, monocyte, ALT, amylase, TG, and CPK levels. These findings indicate that there may be differences of physiological variables depending on age group in alcohol-consuming men. Further studies should be focused on the physiological differences between alcohol-consuming men and women.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.123-133
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The present paper is to compare vehicles' $CO_2$ emissions in roundabouts and signalized intersections. METHODS : The present paper uses the SIDRA software with variables of traffic and road conditions. RESULTS : The results of the study are as follows : First, when entering traffic volumes are more than 1600pcph, vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions in roundabouts are lower than those of signalized intersections regardless of the left turn ratio. Second, When entering traffic volumes are more than 2800pcph, vehicles's $CO_2$ emissions in 2-lane approaches are lower than those of 1-lane approaches in signalized intersection. Third, when entering traffic volumes are more than 1600pcph, vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions of CASE B are lowest. (CASE B is the condition with one exclusive left-turn lane and one exclusive straight lane and one shared straight lane with right-turn.) Also, CASE A is the condition that vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions in roundabouts are lower than those of signalized intersections between 1600pcph and 3600pcph. (CASE A is the condition with one exclusive left-turn lane and one shared straight lane with right-turn.) But, when entering traffic volumes are more than 4000pcph, vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions in signalized intersections is lower than those of roundabouts. CONCLUSIONS : It may be concluded that vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions on roundabouts are much lower than those of signalized intersections, especially, when entering traffics volumes are between 1600pcph and 3600pcph in 1-lane or 2-lane approaches.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.336-345
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• 1998

The dynamic instability of cylindrical shell with clamped-free boundary condition subjected to constant follower force or $P_0 + P_1cos {\Omega}_t$ type pulsating follower force is analyzed. The motion of shell is modeled using the shell theory considering rotary inertia and shear deformation, and analyzed with finite element method. In case of constant follower force, the changes of eigenvalues dependent on the magnitude of applied load are investigated and the critical loads are obtained. In case pulsating follower force, instability regions of exicitation frequency are obtained by modal transform with right and left modal matrix and by multiple scales method. The effects of thickness ratio and aspect ratio on the instability of shell are studied.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1977

The author has observed 906 full mouth roentgenograms in Korean young man who had the impacted and supernumerary teeth. Impacted and supernumerary teeth were analysed upon several items, such as incidences and positions in the dental arch. The result were as follows; 1. The incidences of impacted teeth were 59.05% and the ratio of upper jaw to lower one was 1:3. 2. The frequency of the supernumerary teeth were 5.52% and the ratio of maxilla to mandible was 49:1. 3. No significant differences between right and left side in both jaws, but incidence rate of the supernumerary teeth was 74% in the maxillary central incisor area. 4. The positions of impacted and supernumerary teeth were vertical and inverted shapes in maxilla, whereas horizontal and mesio-angular forms in mandible.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 1997

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the pulmonary perfusion scan(Pp scan) in the experimental animal single lung transplantation. Eight left lung transplanted mongrel dogs were included in this study. The serial Pp scan with 111MBq $^{99m}TC-MAA$ were done at the periods of immediate postoperative period, POD 3 days, and POD 10-14 days and finally autopsy was done in each cases. The transplanted lung perfusion was analysed as a percentage radioactivity of trans planted/native lung(T/N) ratio. The Pp scan of a donor mongrel dog was used as a reference(left/right lung (T/N) ratio 85.2%). The average T/N ratio of all cases on immediate postoperative state(reperfusion injury) : 19.2%, three acute rejections. 12.6%, three bronchial dehiscences 6.1% and two pulmonary thromboses : 2.0%. Two cases showed moderate improvement of reperfusion injury as increasing the T/N ratio in POD 3 days Pp scan. The T/N ratio showed sequentially decreased in six cases. As a conclusion, the Pp scan could be a non-invasive method in the evaluation of the experimental one-lung transplanted mongrel dog.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.193-207
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• 2023

In general, the numerous classical approaches available in the literature can anticipate the settlement of shallow foundations. As long as the footings are not in close proximity to other subsurface buildings, the findings achieved using these methods are legitimate and acceptable. However, due to increased urbanisation and land scarcity, footings are frequently built close together. As a result, these footings' settlement behaviour differs from those of isolated footings. A simpler approach for assessing the settlement behaviour of two square or rectangular footings placed in close proximity is presented in this work. A Parametric study has been carried out to examine the interference effect on the settlement of these footings placed in close vicinity on the surface of a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic soil medium. The interaction factors are examined by varying the different aspect ratios (L/B), clear spacing ratio (S/B) and intensity of loading on the right footing with respect to the left footing. Further, variation of the settlement ratio (δ/B) with respect to embedment depth ratio D_f/B is examined. For square and rectangular footings, the interference settlement profile is also investigated by varying the clear spacing ratio (S/B) and the degree of loading. The results were compared to 3D finite element analysis and experimental data that were available.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 1991

Tuberculous tracheobronchitis is defined as a specific inflammation of the trachea or major bronchi caused by the tubercle bacillus and recognized as one of the most common and serious complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. It had been a diagnostic challenge in prebronchoscopic era and since 1968, fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been accepted as a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. Now, it remains a troublesome therapeutic problem due to its sequelae such as bronchostenosis, bronchiectasis and bronchial deformity. The authors analyzed the clinical features, radiological findings and bronchoscopic findings with pathologic and bacteriologic study on 61 cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis and following results were obtained. 1) The peak incidence was in the fourth decade and male to female ratio was 1:3.4. 2) The most common symptom was cough (86.9%) and followed by sputum (49.2%), dyspnea (27.9%), fever (19.8%), weight loss (11.5%), hemoptysis (6.6%), hoarseness (6.6%) and chest discomfort (3.3%) and localized wheezing was heard in 18%. 3) In chest X-ray, consolidation with collapse was observed in 70.5%, and followed by consolidation only (18.0%), mediastinal node enlargement (8.2%), cavitary lesion (6.6%), suspicious hilar mass (3.3%) and miliary lesion (1.6%) and there was no abnormal findings in 4.9%. 4) Bronchoscopy showed hyperplastic lesion in 67.2%, mucosal lesion (18.0%), ulcerative lesion (9.8%) and stenotic lesion (4.9%). The most common site of bronchial lesion was right upper bronchus (36.1%) and followed by right main bronchus (34.4%), left main bronchus (29.5%), left upper bronchus (16.4%), right middle bronchus (8.2%), right lower bronchus (6.6%) and left lower bronchus (3.3%). 5) Chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without caseation necrosis on microscopic examination was confirmed in 69.7%, bronchial washing AFB stain was positive in 34.1%, prebronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 88.1% and postbronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 30.1%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.367-369
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• 2002

We have designed ramp profile excitation pulse based on the Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm. The algorithm provides many advantages to pulse designers. The first advantage is the freedom of deciding the amplitudes, frequencies, and ripple sizes of stopband, passband, and transition band of pulse profile. The second advantage is the freedom of deciding the pulse phase, more specifically, minimum phase, linear phase, maximum phase, and any phase between them. The minimum phase pulse is the best choice in the case of 3D TOF, because it minimizes the echo time, which implies the best image quality in the same MR examination condition. In addition, the half echo technique is slightly modified in our case. In general, using the half echo technique means that the acquired data size is half and the rest part can be filled with complex conjugate of acquired data. But in our case, the echo center is just shifted to left, which implies the reduction of echo time, and the acquired data size is the same as the one without using the half echo technique. In this case, the increase of right part of data leads to improvement of the resolution and the decrease of left part of data leads to decrease of signal to noise ratio. Since in the case of 3D TOF, the signal to noise ratio is sufficiently high and the resolution is more important than signal to noise ratio, the proposed method appears to be significantly affective and gives rise to the improved high resolution angiograms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to quantitate signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio of the portal vein using CT and 3.0T MRI and to investigate the optimal imaging device. Twenty patients who inspective CT and 3.0T MRI between February 2018 and April 2018 were randomly assigned to receive data from the picture archiving communication system. The SNR and CNR values were evaluated by measuring the mean and standard deviation of the region of interest of the four regions of the portal vein (the main portal vein, the right vein, the left vein, and the middle vein). The results showed that SNR was 9.180.72 in the right context, 9.410.84 in the left context, 9.540.59 in the middle context, 9.550.75 in the order context, and 22.292.03 in the right context and 25.893 in the 3.0T MRI. 19, median context: 24.392.87, and order Mac: 26.642.30 (p<0.05). CNR was 3.790.68 in the CT context, 3.740.65 in the left context, 3.710.39 in the middle context, 3.790.68 in the order context, 9.490.65 in the right context, and 11.0001.90 in the 3.0T MRI, Intermediate context: 12.701.75, order Mac: 10.010.98, 3.0T MRI was higher than CT (p<0.05). In conclusion, SNR and CNR values were higher in the 3.0T MRI than CT in the 4 portal regions. Therefore, 3.0T MRI using non-ionizing radiation was the most superior imaging equipment than CT.