• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.8.1-8
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• 1982

Foreign bodies in the airway are very import-tant and not uncommon conditions in the field of E.N.T., and practically there are many reports of them. Occasionally, it can be followed by some pulmonary complications and technical difficulty to remove. Therefore, foreign body in the trachea-bronchial tree is serious and, on occasion, fatal. Recently, the authors experienced 7 interesting cases of foreign bodies in the airway and a brief review of literature was made. Case 1. (1 year old male): A bit of walnut was coughed out spontaneously. Case 2. (2 years old male): A bit of raw chestnut was removed from the right main bronchus. Case 3. (21 Years old male): A pushpin was removed from the left main bronchus. Case 4. (1 year old male): A kind of bean was removed from the right main vronchus. Case 5. (4 years old male): A coiled steel spring (1.1cm$\times$2cm) was removed from the subglottic region. Case 6. (5 years old female): A shell of pine nut which had been impacted in the wall of right main bronchus was removed during right middle and lower lobectomy. Case 7. (2 years old male): A metal nail was removed from the rightposterior basal segmental bronchus during right lower lobectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1066-1069
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• 1992

The bronchogenic cyst is not so rare in incidence, but it is rare for this cyst to cause compression of trachea and main bronchi. A 6-year old female child was evaluated for coughing, fever and left total atelectasis. This patient had a history of frequent upper respiratory symptom like bronchial asthma since 6month after birth. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed external compression at distal trachea and both main bronchi. Computed Tomography revealed well demarcated homogeneous mass compressing distal trachea and main bronchi. The pathological examination showed bronchogenic cyst and this patient had uneventful recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.423-425
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• 1995

Endobronchial hamartoma is a extremely rare lesion. The patient was 47 years old female and complained of cough and dyspnea for several years. On bronchoscopy, a finger tip size mass, nearly occluding the left main bronchus and located 4cm from the carina, was found. Bronchoscopic biopsy showed the chronic inflammatory findings.We performed bronchotomy and removed the mass through left thoracotomy. The endobronchial tumor was confirmed hamartoma histopathologically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.195-198
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• 2000

Primary sarcomas of the pulmonary arteries are and the clinical presentation closely resembles several more common conditions, Therefore they are seldomly diagnosed preoperatively without a pathologic esxamination of sufficient surgical specimen. Treatment of these tumors remains primarily surgical as possible and the role of the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not yet evident We report a case of primary sarcoma of pulmonary artery clinically suspected of carcinoid partially involving the pulmonary parechyme and the bronchus mainly in the left main pulmonary artery and the vein with left intrapericardial pneumonectomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

A 32-year-old woman complaining of cough, sputum, and chest discomfort for the past ten days was admitted to the hospital. The radiologic findings were transradiant left lung with reduced number and size of vessels, mediastinal shifting to the right at expiration, matched ventilation-perfusion defect on ventilation-perfusion scan, and diffuse hypoplasia of the left pulmonary artery and i1s branches on the pulmonary angiography. We describe a case of unilateral hyperlucent lung by main bronchus obstruction in a patient who presents a clinical picture suggestive of the Swyer-James syndrome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.316-320
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• 1978

This report presents a case of patent ductus arteriosus complicated with total left lung atelectasis and mitral regurgitation. Her mother complained growth retardation and exertional dyspnea. The 3 year old girl had large patent ductus arteriosus [Qp/Qs=5.6] which resulted in moderate pulmonary hypertension, left atrial hypertrophy and enlargement, consequently the left main bronchus was compressed between the dilated left atrium and aorta. We would like conclude the cause of mitral regurgitation as the result of annular dilatation secondary to left atrial enlargement rather than congenital associated to patent ductus arteriosus. 3 weeks later from ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, the left atrial dimension was markedly reduced echocardiographically [from 3.9cm to 2.7cm], and the left lung progressively aerated by halves.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

Background Insertion of tracheal stent in the treatment of benign tracheal & bronchial disease has increased since the introduction of expandable metallic stent. Material & Methods : Between Jan, 1995 and Feb. 2004, eight patients who had benign tracheo-bronchial disease underwent insertion of expandable metallic tracheal stent. We retrospectively analyzed stent insertion indications, complications, and following the result. Results : Surgical indications were post-intubation tracheal stenosis (1 case), tracheal stenosis following tracheal surgery (2 cases), tracheo-esophageal fistula (2 cases), broncho-pleural fistula(1 case), left main bronchus stenosis following bronchoplasty (1 case), and left main bronchus stenosis due to mediastinal repositioning (1 case). Expandable metallic tracheal stent was inserted in five patients to resolve dyspnea caused by airway obstruction, and to prevent recurrent pneumonia in three patients. The complication developed in 6 patients $75\%$; 3 cases of distal stenosis due to growth of granulation tissue, and one case each of tearing of posterior membrane, aggravation of tracheo-esophageal fistula, and airway partial obstruction due to stent migration. The stent was removed in 5 patients and tracheal surgery (tracheal resection and end to end anastomosis with primary repair of esophagus, pericardial patch tracheo-bronchoplasty, tracheal repair and omental wrapping) was performed in 3 patients. Conclusion Insertion of self expandable metallic stent in benign tracheo-bronchial disease is an effective means of relieving dyspnea for only a short period, and it did not increase the long term survival. Better means of treatment of benign tracheo-bronchial stenosis in necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.574-578
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• 1994

The incidence of traumatic rupture of the tracheobronchial tree has been increased considerably with advent of widespread mechanization and high speed era. Rupture of the bronchus is an unusual result of nonpenetrating trauma to chest. Early diagnosis and primary repair not only restore normal lung function but also avoid difficulties and complications associated with delayed diagnosis and repair. These complications are pneumonia, atelectasis and lung abscess secondary to the bronchial obtruction. We experienced a case of partial rupture on left main bronchus caused by nonpenetrating blunt chest trauma with rib fractures 1 year ago. He was suffered from progressively developing dyspnea on exercise and treated as bronchial asthma at other hospital. Bronchoscopic finding was the narrowed lumen of left main bronchus at 1cm from carina by web-like membrane. We confirmed by bronchogram and repaired by end to end anastomosis, which is rare delayed finding in bronchial rupture without pulmonary complications. We report a case of nonpenetrating traumatic bronchial rupture, manifested by bronchial web in bronchoscopy.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.78-78
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• 1993

The authors performed clinical analysis on 124 cases of airway foreign bodies in children treated by ventilating bronchoscopy at Severance hospital from 1980 to 1992. The results were as follows ; 1) The most of the cases were below age of 2.(71%) 2) Nuts were the most common airway foreign body.(52%) 3) The grequent loci of airway foreign body were left main bronchus(49 cases), right main bronchus(38 cases), trachea(17 cases) in order. 4) The most common chest X-ray findings were obstructive emphysema.(60%) 5) By duration of lodgement in the airway, 82 cases(66%) were removed within 1 week and 16 cases(13%) over 30 days. 6) All of 124 cases were successfully treated by ventilating bronchoscopy without serious complications. In conclusion, the left bronchus was the most common location of foreign bodies and it would be advisable to avoid nuts for snack below the age of 2.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1977

With the adevance of widespread mechanization and high-speed era, the incidence of traumatic rupture of the tracheobronchial tree has been increased considerably. We have experienced these diseased of the 3 cases in our department. The first case was a 25 year old male who was severe dyspneic and subcutaneous emphysema, hemoptysis, and hemopneumothorax of both side were noted. During tracheostomy, it was found that the 2net ring of the trachea was ruptured. No definitive procedure was made on admission. Corrective surgery was performed with end-to-end anastomosis on 31 post-traumatic day. The second case was a 43 year old female who received multiple stab wounds on the anterior neck and it was found that the cricoid cartilage was transected partially. The injured cartilage was approximated with interrupted suture of No. 600 wire. The third case was a 19 year old male who had sustained a compression chest injury without external wound or rib fracture. At five days after trauma, he had suffered from dyspnea, and obstruction of the left main bronchus due to traumatic bronchial rupture was confirmed by means of bronchoscopy and bronchography at two weeks after the trauma. End-to-end anastomosis of the bronchus was performed and the left lung was aerated well. Mild postoperative stenosis of trachea was remained in the first case. Others were uneventful.