• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.417-425
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• 2000

The underlying mechanism commonly applicable for both the positive and negative force-frequency relationships (FFR) was pursued in left atria (LA) of rat and rabbit. The species differences in the roles of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchanger and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which are major intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ regulatory mechanisms in the heart, were examined in the amplitude accommodation to the frequency that changed from 3 Hz to the variable test frequencies for 5 minutes in the electrically field stimulated left atria (LA) of rat and rabbit. Norepinephrine strongly increased the frequency-related amplitude accommodation in both of rat and rabbit LA, while monensin, oubain or the reduced $Na^+$ and 0 mM $Ca^{2+}$ containing Tyrode solution increased the frequency-related amplitude accommodation only in the rabbit LA. Monenisn was also able to increase the frequency-related amplitude accommodation only in 1-day old rat LA but not in 4-week old rat LA that had 75% less $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchanger with 97% higher SR than 1-day old rat LA. Taken together, it is concluded that the differences in the prevalence between myocardial $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchanger and SR in the amplitude accommodation to the frequency-change determine the difference in the FFR between rat and rabbit heart.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.634-648
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• 1997

To examine the effect of Artemisia princeps var orientalis on cardiovascular system, cadiovascular response from its water extracts were studied in the atria and aortae of normal rats. The extracts diminished spontaneous beat and contractile force in the left and right atria, and caused the relaxation of thoraic aortae. As for the blood pressure, the mugwort extract had a descending effect.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1992

Higenamine is an Aconiti tuber derived compound whose chemical structure is 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline containing catechol ring and tetrahydroisoquinoline nucleus in its own structure, both of which are well known to have agonistic effects on adrenergic receptors. Using guinea-pig atria(rich in ${\beta}_1$-receptor) and treachea(rich in ${\beta}_2$-receptor), we studied pharmacological actions of higenamine on these organs with special interest of its relevancy of ${\beta}$-receptor selectivity. In order to further clarify its pharmacological characteristics, the influncences of pretreatment of reserpine or cocaine were also investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Higenamine had remarkable chronotropic, inotropic and bronchodilator effects in guinea-pig spontaneously beating right atria, left atria and trachea, in dose-dependent manners. 2. All of above actions were blocked competitively by propranolol, which shows nonselectivity of higenamine on ${\beta}$-receptor. $pA_2$ values of propranolol against higenamine were 7.93, 7.76 and 8.46 in guinea-pig right atria, left atria and treachea, respectively. 3. Reserpine pretreatment(5mg/kg, ip, 24h) did not show my decrease in pharmacological actions of higenamine, which suggests higenamine has direct action on ${\beta}$-receptor not via catecholamine release. 4. Cocaine pretreatment$(1{\mu}M)$ had no influence on pharmacological actions of higenamine in contrast with nor epinephrine, which suggests there is no neuronal uptake mechanism of higenamine in the studied organ preparations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.683-687
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• 1986

A direct communication between the left ventricle and right atrium is a relatively uncommon defect. Familiarity with this anomaly has become increasingly important, however, since the preoperative findings may be identical with those of an atrial septal defect. The left ventricle is directly related to the right atrium over. an area of the membranous ventricular septum which extends superior to the septal attachment of the right atrioventricular valve in the LV-RA communication. The clinical triad of a ventricular septal defect murmur, cardiac enlargement, and an arteriovenous shunt at atrial level is characteristic of the malformation. A 2-year-old boy with left ventriculo-right atrial communication has operated at the Maryknoll Hospital. Under the cardiopulmonary bypass, the atrium was opened, there was a jet-blood stream just above the atria-ventricular portion adjacent to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2017

A nine-month-old intact female Maltese dog (body weight: 1.5 kg) presented with frequent syncopal episodes (1-2/day), exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. Cardiomegaly with marked dilation of right and left atria along with ascites was indicated on radiography. Tricuspid regurgitant jets (4.36 m/s), pulmonary regurgitant jets (3.4 m/s), left-to-right shunting flow at the ductus arteriosus, and an atrial septal defect were observed on echocardiography. A bubble study with agitated saline found right-to-left shunting at the interatrial septum. Based on diagnostic studies, the dog was diagnosed with right-to-left atrial septum defect (ASD) compounded with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The treatment was directed to reduce the pulmonary hypertension, improve cardiac performance, and lower fluid retention. Despite medical treatment for 2 months, the dog died of sudden cardiac arrest. Herein, we describe a very rare case of right-to-left ASD compounded with PDA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.143-147
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• 1988

Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula is a communication of a coronary artery with one of the atria, ventricles, the coronary sinus, the superior vena cava, or the pulmonary artery. We had a successful surgical experience with 63 year-old-female patient who complained substernal chest pain on exertion for 8 years. On auscultation, a continuous murmur was heard at the left second to third intercostal space along the left sternal border. The right cardiac catheterization was revealed to 4% oxygen step up between right ventricle to main pulmonary artery, and Qp/Qs was 1.3:1. The selective coronary arteriography showed markedly tortuous dilated vessel which originated from left coronary artery draining into the main pulmonary artery. The operation performed to mid portion of tortuous and dilated fistula by multiple ligation with 3-0 Mersilene and suture ligation with pledgetted 3-0 Prolene on distal draining site, Postoperative course were uneventful without any symptoms and complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1980

Left atrial myxoma constitutes the most significant cardiac tumors, which occupies 30 to 50% of the total in most pathological series with the age range from 3 to 83 years, mostly between the age of 30 to 60 years. Over 90% of myxomas occur in the atria, with 3 to 4 times as many occurring in the left as in the right. They may cause severe and progressive disease mimicking mitral valvular disease with non-specific general symptoms. Recent attentions were focussed in the clinical features along with various diagnostic techniques including angiocardiography, echocardiography and cross-sectional sector scanning echocardiography, and definitive treatment with surgical removal under direct vision using cardiopulmonary bypass. There are several reports on the atrial myxomas removed from various cardiac chambers in Korea, and we report another typical case of left atrial myxoma of 6.8 x 3.8 x 1.7 cm3 attached to the upper margin of fossa ovalis with a short pedicle, also with calcification at it`s distal free end. 29 year old young mother complaining of mild fever, vaginal spotting, numbness of left upper and lower extremities, nocturnal attack of dyspnea and palpitation for 2 months was diagnosed as large left atrial myxoma with the aid of angiocardiography and echocardiography. Trans-right-atrial, transseptal surgical removal of the tumor was successfully performed under the cardiopulmonary bypass for 22 minutes on 24th of July 1980. Postoperative hospital course was uneventful and discharged from hospital on the 12th POD with complete recover from the previous symptoms and signs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.110-113
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• 2017

A 43-year-old man who had had a history of atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure 31 months previously presented with abrupt chest and back pain along with progressive cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. After resuscitation, he was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. Diagnostic and therapeutic surgical exploration revealed left atrium (LA) perforation due to LA roof erosion from a deficient aortic rim. Device removal, primary repair of the LA perforation site, and ASD patch closure were performed successfully. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged after 6 weeks of empirical antibiotic therapy without any other significant complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.501-506
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• 1990

Cardiac myxomas are most common benign tumor and comprise approximately 50% of all primary cardiac neoplasms. They are intracavitary tumors occurring within any of the cardiac chambers, but they have a predilection for the atria and particularly the left atrium. Its are usually arise from the region of the limbus of the fossa ovalis. Clinically, they present with various manifestations due to obstruction to blood flow, embolization, and constitutional changes. Excision with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass has been established as the treatment of choice for these histologically benign, but potentially malignant tumors and has generally produced good results [17]. We have experienced two cases atrial myxomas, one is left, the other is right and resected under established cardiopulmonary bypass, so we report these cases with the review of the literature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1743-1746
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• 2013

Background and Purpose: Cardiac myxoma is a major primary heart tumor which often causes unexpected symptoms or sudden death. This present study was designed to investigate its clinical pathological features and biological behavior. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 66 cases with cardiac myxoma was conducted. Results: In 66 patients with cardiac myxoma, 61 cases had involvement of the left atrium, one case in both the right ventricular and left atria. The female: male ratio was 2.7:1. Patients had symptoms of blood flow obstruction and systemic alterations with performance of arterial embolization. Tumors were spherical, lobulated or irregular in shape, and soft and brittle. Immunohistochemical markers of vimentin and CD34 in tumor cells were positive. Conclusion: Cardiac myxoma always exists in the left atrium and is more common in women, with diverse clinical manifestations and pathomorphism. Although proliferative activity and the recurrence rate are low, in addition to thorough surgical resection, strengthened review is important for young patients.