• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.6
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• pp.350-353
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• 2010

Here we report the first fatality caused by H1N1 influenza virus infection with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Korea. A 55-year-old man presented at our emergency department with dyspnea, fever, diffuse myalgia and malaise. Bilateral lung air-space consolidation was detected on his initial chest radiograph combined with severe hypoxemia. He was supported by mechanical ventilation and treated with antibiotics. A nasopharyngeal aspirate was positive for influenza A rapid antigen and oseltamivir was started on day 3 of admission. The nasal swab sample was positive for influenza H1N1 virus by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Despite aggressive treatment, he had refractory hypoxemia and uncontrolled septic shock. On day 5 of admission he went into cardiac arrest and expired.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1987

This study was executed to examine helical structure and other feature, of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger through photomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation, and the obtained result, were summarized as follows: 1. Tracheid transition from springwood to summerwood was abrupt, mel slightly gradual in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and summerwood width of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger was wider than that of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 2. Normal vertical and horizontal resin canals and surrounding thick epithelial cells were present in Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not present in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 3. Instead of helical thickening, helical chicks were observed only in summerwood trachieds of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger. However, helical thickenings forming S, Z., and horizontal helix perpendicular to long axis of tracheid were observed in springood and summerwood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and these helical thickenings were considered as analogous to the innermost layer of secondary wall. 4. Uniseriate and fusiform rays were appeared on tangential surface of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but oly uniserate ray was observed on tangential surface ot Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. The fusiform rays of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger usually contained one horizontal resin canal bot occasionally two horizontal resin canals were contained in a fusiform ray. 5. Trabeculae and crassulae were observed in the tracheids of Larix gmelimii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not observed in the tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 2016

Various commercially available gas diffusion layers (GDLs) from different manufacturers were used to prepare an air electrode using $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}CoO_3$ perovskite (LSCP) as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline solution. Various GDLs have different physical properties, such as porosity, conductivity, hydrophobicity, etc. The ORR and OER of the resulting cathode were electrochemically evaluated in an alkaline solution. The electrochemical properties of the resulting cathodes were slightly different when compared to the physical properties of GDLs. Pore structure and conductivity of GDLs had a prominent effect and their hydrophobicities had a minor effect on the electrochemical performances of cathodes for ORR and OER.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.840-848
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• 1992

An ionizable macrocyclic ligand, diaza-18-crown-6-diisopropionic acid(K22DAP) has been synthesized. Protonation constants of this compound and stability constants with some lanthanides were determined by potentiometric titration method. The protonation constants are log$K_1$ = 9.05, log$K_2$ = 8.37, log$K_3$ = 1.88 and log$K_4$ = 0.99. The logarithmic values of stability constants with La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) and Lu(III) are 11.14, 11.43, 11.74 and 10.88 respectively. Extraction behavior of Ln(III) ion was investigated using TTA(thenoyltrifluoroacetone) as extractant in the presence of K22DAP as macrocyclic ionophore. It was observed that Ln(K22DAP)TTA is the dominating species in aqueous complexes of La(III) and Nd(III).

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2005

The latest technical development of steel plate girder railway bridge are developing in ways to maximize its durability of materials in use of high strength steel and efficiency of maintenance and management by the introduction of simplified and standardization ideas. In addition to this, it is also expected to reduce the cost of bridge construction and to simplify the process of bridge manufacturing. Referring to this, composite few plate girder railway bridge is highly recommendable that is very economical with the fine exterior. In this paper, it will analyse the variation of dynamic behavior of existing composite few plate girder railway bridge with ballast caused by modified Slab Track through interpretation of limited enzyme in order to obtain the existing data for improvement of Slab Track system from Ballast Track system. Consequently, it can help maximize economic efficiency and structural capability. As a results, although the natural frequency by modified Slab Track are decreased, it is hardly influencing on the safety of railway bridges. It is also evident in the case of slab deck with a reduced scale in comparison with Ballast Track. Therefore, it is expected to reduce the cost of a railway bridge plan. And, it can expect the synergistic effect of the ensure long term durability of bridge caused by decreased stresses of bottom flange due to reduced dead load. As a result, the analytical study are carried out to investigate the composite few plate girder railway bridge could be the optimal design method for the dynamic safety of a girder section.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2016

The effects of conductive additives in a $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$ perovskite bifunctional electrode for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated in an alkaline solution. Highly porous carbon black (CB) and Ni powder were added to the bifunctional electrodes as conductive additives. The surface morphologies of electrodes containing CB and Ni were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current densities for both ORR and OER were changed by the addition of CB. The conductive additive changed physical properties of bifunctional electrodes such as the sheet conductance, gas permeability and contact angle. It was observed that the air permeability of electrode was most effective to enhance the currents for ORR and OER.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2016

Spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers developed for chemical looping combustion required high calcination temperatures above $1300^{\circ}C$ to obtain high mechanical strength applicable to circulating fluidized-bed process. In this study, the effect of CBB ($CaO{\cdot}BaO{\cdot}B_2O_3$) addition, as a binder, on the physical properties and oxygen transfer reactivity of spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers was investigated. CBB addition resulted in several positive effects such as reduction of calcination temperature and increase in oxygen transfer capacity and porosity. However, oxygen transfer rate was considerably decreased. This was more apparent when a higher amount of CBB was added and MgO was added together. From the experimental results, it is concluded that CBB added NiO-based oxygen carriers are not suitable for chemical looping combustion and a new method to reduce calcination temperature while maintaining high oxygen transfer rate of NiO-based oxygen carriers should be found out.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2013

A gasification process with pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture process, which converts coal into environment-friendly synthetic gas, might be promising option for sustainable energy conversion. In the coal gasification for power generation, coal is converted into $H_2$, CO and $CO_2$. To reduce the cost of $CO_2$ capture and to maximize hydrogen production, the removal of CO and the additional production of hydrogen might be needed. In this study, a 2l/min water gas shift system for a coal gasifier has been studied. To control the concentration of major components such as $H_2$, CO, and $CO_2$, MFCs were used in experimental apparatus. The gas concentration in these experiments was equal with syngas concentration from dry coal gasifiers ($H_2$: 25-35, CO: 60-65, $CO_2$: 5-15 vol%). The operation conditions of the WGS system were $200-400^{\circ}C$, 1-10bar. Steam/Carbon ratios were between 2.0 and 5.0. The commercial catalysts were used in the high temperature shift reactor and the low temperature shift reactor. As steam/carbon ratio increased, the conversion (1-$CO_{out}/CO_{in}$) increased from 93% to 97% at the condition of CO: 65, $H_2$: 30, $CO_2$: 5%. However the conversion decreased with increasing of gas flow and temperature. The gas concentration from LTS was $H_2$: 54.7-60.0, $CO_2$: 38.8-44.9, CO: 0.3-1%.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2012

This work describes a derivation of functional architecture of Cooperative Engagement (CE) for a Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD). The TBMD is composed of multi-layered defense systems as system of systems which includes network-based sensors, shooters and battle management. The Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) is a typical real-time battle management system, and the key function of the CEC is CE. The CE is a warfighting concept designed to defeat threats through the synergistic integration of distributed resources among two or more units. In this point of view, this paper proposed functional architecture through analyzing the CE concept, and was conducted as a pre-study to develop a CE based combat system of TBMD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Cystatin C is a low molecular weight 13 kilodalton protein. It is known to be a more sensitive marker of glomerular filtration rate than creatinine in humans. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the changes of renal markers including cystatin C according to the severity of chronic mitral valve insufficiency (CMVI) and to investigate the clinical relevance of cystatin C as an early renal marker in dogs with CMVI. A retrospective study was performed to assess renal function according to International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) system classification of heart failure in dogs with CMVI. Thirty seven dogs were divided into a group 1 (healthy dogs ; n = 10), a group 2 (ISACHC I ; n = 10) and a group 3 (ISACHC II-III ; n = 17). In all dogs, serum concentrations of bun (sUr), creatinine (sCr) and cystatin C (sCys-C) were measured with an automated analyzer. In dogs with CMVI, sCys-C concentrations were significantly correlated with sCr concentrations and were independent of age, BW, SBP, and sex. Renal dysfunction tended to occur more frequently as the severity of CMVI increases. In dogs with mild CMVI, only sCys-C concentrations were statistically higher than in healthy dogs. This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of sCys-C. sCys-C may be a valuable renal marker for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction in dogs with CMVI.