• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Domestic leather company is working hard to solve present environmental problem. Leather industry is realized by representative pollution industry. An advanced nation is trying to develop clean technology by collaborating research institute with the chemical company, and tannery. This research introduced information that is gained through technical transfer in leather processing. This project started to solve environmental problem of leather industry. Specially the environment and economic problem is caused from chrome which exists in the waste water or solid waste. Representative technologies, reduced chrome tanning, non-chrome tanning method, are being introduced through transfer. Also lightweight leather development advances the research which uses non-metal tanning agent.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2004

Manufacturing with a chemical for eco-friendly leather for nitrogen decrease of leather falling hair process waste water and the falling hair process that a number to decrease with sulfuration water decrease, a pollution load of COD, BOD. In this study manufactured lining agent and the unhairing assist product which did urea, mercaptan by basic matter. As a result of having dealt in hair saving process, compared, and was recalled by the existing hair burning process recovered hair, increased approximately 2times. Grain state to influence the yield that was quality of leather and an index of productivity evaluation, an improvement of contraction phenomenon (drawing) were possible. Is increased going seal, tear strength property of matter and softness and touch leather native nature in wet blue. Also, it is possible confirmation with decrease being more possible than about 50% COD, T-N density in a hair saving waste water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.109-110
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.92-104
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• 2005

This study aimed to reveal the concept and background of emergence of black leather jacket that began appearing in full-scale among youth sub-culture from 1950's, and to research its styles and aesthetic features on the basis of that. The researcher has intended to a theoretical frame to recreate black leather jacket which has been developing in youth sub-culture style as a resource of new design in modern fashion trend through this study There are 5 styles of black leather jacket in youth sub-culture after 1950's. Firstly, biker style black leather jacket showed ruined war heroes substituting for military uniform. Secondly, rocker style black leather jacket brought the conversion in definition of masculinity. Thirdly, greaser style black leather jacket showed the beauty of uncleanness expressing resistance and violence with tattered dirty materials and excessive metal ornaments. Fourthly, headbanger style black leather jacket was prominent in various and compound decoration due to combination of rocker and hippie features. fifthly, punk style black leather jacket was influenced greatly by Sex Pistols. There are broadly three ecstatic features oi black leather jacket among youth sub-culture. With regard to displaying terrorism, black leather jacket displayed threatening aspects with black color, formative beauty of inverted triangle, additional decoration, and animal & brutal feelings. Paradoxical trophyism showed Nihilism, disorder, and resistance through black color that symbolize bad luck and unstability, trophyism with bad flavor, tattered material effect, and destructive message painting. Masculine eroticism appeared in accordance with pursuing after pleasure and masculine sexuality through exposure of buttocks and focused penis due to jacket's short length, and fetish of black.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

The leather was fixed with various colors through the dyeing process in leather manufacturing. During the dyeing process, the amount of 30~50% dyestuff which were not bonded with leather drained with waste water. These dyestuff raise lots of environmental problems, so technology for improving the fixing effect, levelling effect and penentration effect with the use of small amount of dyestuff has been required. Also, insufficient color fastness level 2~3 grade for common natural leather needs to be improved at the same time. Accordingly, the use of ultrasound(us) in dyeing process has decreased the amount of dyestuff and obtained the smooth permeability effect. So, we could find that the reduction of amount of dyestuff in wastewater led to decrease in environmental trouble caused by leather waste water with severe contamination degree and improved fastness up to 0.5 grades.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

A study was made on the synthesis of a carbonate base nitrogen-free deliming agent using a non-phosgene compound applicable to the deliming process, which is one of the biggest sources of pollutant increasing the T-N concentration in the effluent from the leather making processes. And also studied on the possibility of using the agent in the deliming process. Through measurement of T-N, BOD, COD and SS in the effluent after the agent is used, contents of Ca and Cr and TS in the leather after the deliming process were measured, by which deliming efficiency, influences to the physical properties of the chromium tanned leather and reducing effects of T-N, BOD, COD and SS concentrations in the effluent could be confirmed. Thus an eco-friendly study has been conducted.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.233-250
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• 2020

In this study, a chitosan based coating method was developed and applied on the shoe lining leather surface for evaluating its inhibition to bacterial and fungal attacks. At first, chitosan was prepared from raw prawn shells and then the prepared chitosan solution was applied onto the leather surface. Secondly, the characterization of the prepared chitosan and chitosan treated leather was performed by solubility test, ATR-FTIR, XRD pattern, SEM and TGA. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was assessed against two gram positive, two gram negative bacteria and a reputed fungi by agar diffusion test. The results of this study demonstrated that chitosan took place in both the surface of collagen fibres and inside the collagen matrix of crust leather. The chitosan showed strong antimicrobial activities against all the tested microorganisms and the inhibition increased with increasing percentage of chitosan. Therefore, the prepared chitosan in this study can be an environment friendly biocide, which functions simultaneously against different spoilage bacteria and fungi on the finished leather surface. Thus by using the prepared chitosan in shoe lining leather, the possibility of microbial attack during shoe wearing can be minimized which is one of the important hygienic requirements of footwear.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2018

In this study, eco-friendly natural dyeing for pig leather was explored by using onion skin which is food waste. Sodium caseinate was used as a pre-treatment agent to improve dyeability of pig leather and its effect on dye uptake was investigated according to treatment concentration. Dye uptake of the pre-treated pig leather was increased by about two times compared to untreated one at 0.2% pre-treatment concentration. Onion skin colorant imparted YR color on pig leather. After mordanting, the color of pretreated/dyed pig leather was varied from brick-red to khaki shades. However, mordanting did not improved dye uptake of the pre-treated/dyed pig leather significantly. The color-fastnesses of un-mordanted samples to light, dry cleaning, rubbing were grades 3-4, 5, and 4, respectively, which is good enough to meet all Korean Standard for Fastness of leather products. After mordanting, the light fastness of pig leather was improved to 4, 4-5 grade. The efficacy of sodium caseinate as a pre-treatment agent for pig leather was verified by improved dye uptake and good colorfastness. And, the natural dyeing of pig leather using food waste would be a significant sustainable way in terms of eco-friendliness and reuse of biomass to reduce environmental pollution.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.332-343
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• 2007

The concentrations of major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a passive sampler in the leather industries, Shihwa and Banwol industrial complex. The leather industries were classified into four groups in raw materials and main product. The concentrations of total VOCs measured in process for ${\ulcorner}$ manufacture of reconstituted leather and special treated leather${\lrcorner}$was highest. The main VOCs measured in the leather industries was found to be toluene with a average concentration of 1,200 ppb. The major group selected in the leather industries was divided into three groups by the fingerprint analysis and the principal component analysis. The major VOCs in the groups classified by fingerprint analysis were found to be dependent on the characteristics of raw materials and main products.