• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between the subjective symptoms of smartphone addiction and visual display terminal syndrome in nursing college students and learning flow in the COVID-19 pandemic. For the collection of materials, the materials of the final 134 people were analyzed by collecting the students at the nursing colleges located in S city and M city for convenience. The collected materials were subjected to descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the SPSS / WIN 26 program. As a result of this study, the learning flow of nursing college students was negative correlated to the tendency of smartphone addiction and the subjective symptoms of visual display terminal syndrome. Therefore, to improve the learning flow of nursing college students, it is necessary to reduce the symptoms of smartphone addictive use and visual display terminal syndrome. The need for intervention and development of various effective programs for smart phone addiction management and display terminal syndrome management was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1366-1377
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of the Havruta-based teaching and learning method on the academic self-efficacy, critical thinking tendency, learning satisfaction, and academic stress of nursing students. This study was conducted with 90 2nd graders of nursing department with one-group pretest-posttest design. The Havruta-based instructional design consists of five stages: the 1 stage is the pre-learning stage, the 2 stage is the introduction and development stage, the 3 stage is the organization of the class content, the 4 stage is the question and teaching stage, and the 5 stage is organized and integrated. Four weeks of Havruta-based teaching and learning method was applied. The data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The general characteristics of the subjects were frequency and percentage, and The dependent variable for measuring the effect of experimental treatment was analyzed by paired t-test. As a result of the study, the application of the Havruta-based teaching and learning method showed statistically significant results on academic self-efficacy(t=-3.711, p<.000), learning satisfaction(t=-2.580, p=.012), and academic stress(t=6.500, p<.000). The Havruta-based teaching and learning method has been confirmed to be an effective teaching method that increases the subject's academic self-efficacy, learning satisfaction, and lowers academic stress, so it can be applied to other major subjects in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.506-515
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• 2001

Understanding the students' ability and tendency of self assessment is one of the important factors in helping their learning and in giving the appropriate feedbacks. The purposes of this study is to analyse the coincidency of the students' self-assessment with the teacher assessment, and the tendency of over and under estimation. The students performed open investigations and assessed their process skills by checking their investigation reports with a given checklist. The total mean of the 'Self-Assessment Capability(SAC)' was 0.73 by 1. The SAC was related to the achievement, not to the gender. The correlation between SAC and achievement was significantly positive(r=0.7, p<.01), and for the girls, the tendency was remarkable. Among the five areas of process skills of open investigation, students got the highest SAC score in the managing and interpreting data area, and the lowest SAC in the drawing conclusion area. The mean of 'Self-Assessment Tendency(SAT)' for all items showed that students overestimated their process skills. While the high achievement students underestimated their process skills, the middle and low showed the tendency of overestimation.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school pupil's classification ability that appears in classification activity. For this study, we developed 2 suitable tools in classification activity achievement. One is artificial stimulus card that comes into view clearly. The other is natural stimulus card that does not come into view well. The test was administrated to 376 pupils of 2, 4, and 6 grade in D elementary School in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul. The result proved in this study was as following. First, elementary school pupil's classification ability showed the developmental change as the grade level rises. Second, there was no statistical difference between boys and girls. Third, there was high correlation between sort artificial category and natural category in their ability. Fourth, classification achievement rate of constant level by grade was seen regardless of the items. The findings above gives following guidance in science classification learning. First, if teacher understands the development of students' classification ability, more effective classification guidance is available. Second, to cultivate students' classification ability, we should devise and apply program depending on their classification ability by grade.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.13-29
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• 2002

The scholastic consumer education program in Japan was adopted after world war Ⅱ. And so far, based on home economics class at school, the program has undergone seven times modification with “A course of study(learning coaching guide). Now the main objective with the consumer education program, initiated from ‘purchasing skill’ and ‘information offer’, has been shifted to the direction of stressing the ‘reasonable decision making’ and ‘invocation of consumer recognition’. The concrete operation of the scholastic consumer education program in Japan was managed and operated to the direction of urging the student to think independently and self-motivated and provoking the power of thinking, while utilizing daily works closely to routine life as educational materials and subjects. The investigations on Japanese scholastic consumer education program which have been developing and accumulating concrete instances and know-how's of scholastic consumer education program are considered to be still suggestive, and we may conclude it's necessary for both of Korea and Japan to interchange necessary experiences and ideas on this field with each other.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2022

During last few years, pandemic of COVID-19 has been a global issue. Under the COVID-19, global events have been restricted or canceled to secure public hygiene and safety. Since one of the largest global events is Olympic Games, we selected recent Olympic Games as our case of analysis. Tokyo Olympic Games (TOG) was held in 2021, but it encountered a millennium disaster, the pandemic of COVID-19. In such a special period, it is of great significance to explore the emotional tendency of global views before and TOG via artificial intelligence. This paper vastly collects the TOG comment data of mainstream websites in South Korea, China, and the United States by implementing crawler program for sentiment analysis (SA). And we use a variety of sentiment analysis models to compare the accuracy of the experimental results, to obtain more reliable SA results. In addition, in the prediction results, to reduce the distortion of opinion by a minority, we introduce an algorithm called "Removing Biased Minority Opinions (RBMO)" and provide how to apply this method to the interpretation domain. Through our method, more authoritative SA results were obtained, which in turn provided a basis for predicting the sentiment tendency of countries around the world in TOG during the COVID-19 epidemic.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2013

New product innovation is a process of embodying new knowledge in a product and technology licensing is getting popular as a means to innovations and introduction of new product to the market in today's competitive global market environment. Incumbents often rely on technology licensing to access new product opportunities created by other firms. Prior research has examined various aspects of technology licensing agreements such as specific contract terms of licensing agreements, e.g., distribution of control rights, exclusivity of licensing agreements, cross-licensing, and the scope of licensing agreements. This study aims to provide answers to an important, but under-researched question: why do some incumbents initiate more licensing agreement for exploratory learning while others do it for exploitative learning along the innovation process? We attempt to extend our knowledge of licensing agreements from an organizational learning perspective. Technology licensing as a specific form of interfirm linkages can be initiated with different learning objectives along the process of new product innovation. The exploratory stages of the innovation process such as discovery or research stages involve extensive searches to create new knowledge or capabilities, whereas the exploitative stages of the innovation process such as application or test stages near the commercialization are more focused on developing specific applications or improving their efficiency or reliability. Thus, different stages of the innovation process generate different types of learning and the resulting technological resources. We examine when incumbents as licensees initiate more licensing agreements for exploratory learning objectives and when more for exploitative learning objectives, focusing on two factors that may influence a firm's formation of exploratory and exploitative licensing agreements: 1) its past radical and incremental innovation experience and 2) its internal investments in R&D and marketing. We develop and test our hypotheses regarding the relationship between a firm's radical and incremental new product experience, R&D investment intensity and marketing investment intensity, and the likelihood of engaging in exploratory and exploitive licensing agreements. Using data collected from various secondary sources (Recap database, Compustat database, and FDA website), we analyzed technology licensing agreements initiated in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries from 1988 to 2011. The results of this study show that incumbents initiate exploratory rather than exploitative licensing agreements when they have more radical innovation experience and when they invest in R&D activities more intensively; in contrast, they initiate exploitative rather than exploratory licensing agreements when they have more incremental innovation experience and when they invest in marketing activities more intensively. The findings of this study contribute to the licensing and interfirm cooperation studies. First, this study lays a foundation to understand the organizational learning aspect of technology licensing agreements. Second, this study sheds lights on how a firm's internal investments in R&D and marketing are linked to its tendency to initiate licensing agreements along the innovation process. Finally, the findings of this study provide important insight to managers regarding which technologies to gain via licensing agreements. This study suggests that firms need to consider their internal investments in R&D and marketing as well as their past innovation experiences when they initiate licensing agreements along the process of new product innovation.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-183
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• 2008

This study is to help to understand the influence of exchange writing activity in the elementary mathematics on students' mathematical communication skill. Various technical activities had been implemented during the classes and the ideas from those activities had been interpreted into writings in the final stage of the classes. Those writings, then, were distributed to other students or teachers in order to devise a teaching model for exchange writing, which is to be applied to the 3rd grade classes and to identify the influence on the in mathematical communication skill. From this study, we could get such conclusions as follows: First, there was considerable difference between experimental group practicing exchange writing and control group engaging in normal learning activities in the progress of their mathematical communication skill (group discussion), writing skill and expressivity when examining their average communication skill using t-method. Similar trend had been witnessed when self-evaluating their mathematical communication skill. Second, when it comes to the mathematical tendency, experimental group showed a higher tendency in positiveness compared to the control group. Therefore, we might conclude that the exchange writing has a positive influence on the students' mathematical tendency, especially on their curiosity or interest in teaming, willingness to study and their comprehension of its importance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

Objectives : Effects of Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) on intellectual development and learning ability were investigated growth and intellectual impairment rat with insufficient nutrition diet. Methods : We divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(A, B, C, D). They were normal group(A), growth deficiency rat with insufficient nutrition diet group(B), growth deficiency rat with 0.1% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group(C) and growth deficiency rat with 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group(D). They were administered for 5 weeks. We measured body weight, serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone, RBC, concentration of Hb and PCV ratio, total WBC and its composition, the values of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and morris water maze test in escape distance, escape time and escape speed. Results : 1. Body weight showed a tendency to increase in the Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups and 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group showed significantly different than control groups. 2. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone showed a tendency to increase in Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups, however these values showed no significantly different. 3. About the counts of RBC, 0.1% and 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed significantly different than control groups. Concentration of Hb was higher than control group in Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups. And 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group showed significantly different than control groups in PCV ratio. 4. The counts of total WBC and its composition showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 5. The values of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 6. In the morris water maze test, in escape distance and escape speed, Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed no significantly different than control group. But Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed the increasing tendency. Conclusions : So Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) have an effect of promoting growth of rats and might be effect to treat various kinds of growth delay in children.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 2015

Objective : To report the learning curve of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for a surgeon who had not been previously exposed to this procedure based on the period and detailed technique with a retrospective matched comparative design. Methods : Of 213 patients with lumbar disc herniation encountered during the reference period, 35 patients who were followed up for 1 year after PELD were enrolled in this study. The patients were categorized by the period and technique of operation : group A, the first 15 cases, who underwent by the 'in-and-out' technique; group B, the next 20 cases, who underwent by the 'in-and-out-and-in' technique. The operation time, failure rate, blood loss, complication rate, re-herniation rate, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for back and leg were checked. The alteration of dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCSA) between the preoperative and the postoperative MRI was checked. Results : Operative time was rapidly reduced in the early phase, and then tapered to a steady state for the 35 cases receiving the PELD. After surgery, VAS scores for the back and leg were decreased significantly in both groups. Complications occurred in 2 patients in group A and 2 patients in group B. Between the two groups, there were significant differences in operative time, improvement of leg VAS, and expansion of DSCSA. Conclusion : PELD learning curve seems to be acceptable with sufficient preparation. However, because of their high tendency to delayed operation time, operation failure, and re-herniation, caution should be exercised at the early phase of the procedure.