• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.41-71
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary students' communication in process of applying mathematical modeling. For this study, 22 fifth graders in an elementary school were observed by applying mathematical modeling process (presentation of problem ${\rightarrow}$ model inducement activity ${\rightarrow}$ model exploration activity ${\rightarrow}$ model application activity). And the level of their communication with their activity sheets and outputs, observation records and interviews were also analyzed. Additionally, by analyzing the activity cases of and , this study researched that what is a positive influence on students' communication skills. Whereas showed significant advance in the level of communication, who communicated actively on speaking area but not on every areas showed insensible changes. To improve communication abilities, cognitive tension and debate situation are needed. This means, mathematical education should continuously provide students with mathematical communication learning, and a class which contains mathematical communication experiences (such as mathematical modeling) will be needed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.241-259
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends and specific features in the statistics education between Korea and overseas. For this purpose, a total of 180 articles presented in 4 domestic and 4 foreign journals of the mathematics education and statistics education was investigated. The result findings are as follows. First, more than half of researches have been carried out in teaching and learning, understanding of statistical concepts in both of domestic and foreign journals. Second, some researches on the affective effect were carried out in foreign journals, but not in domestic journals. Third, researches on the teacher education were carried out mainly for the pre-service teachers in domestic journals, but mainly for the in-service teachers in foreign journals. Fourth, empirical study was mainly used for the research method in domestic journals while both empirical and non-empirical study were used in foreign journals. Fifth, subjects of research were mainly secondary students in domestic journals, but over undergraduate students in foreign journals.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1999

Based on the analysis of commonalities and differences in the views of science achievement in major reform documents in the United States and Korea, an aggregated view of science achievement is presented in this paper Science achievement is conceived of in terms of science content and science process. The components of science content include: (a) concepts and theories I n physical, life, and earth and space science;(b) science, mathematics, and technology;(c) science in personal and social perspectives;(d)history and nature of science;and (e) unifying themes. The components of science process include: (a) scientific understanding;(b) scientific investigation;(c) scientific communication; and (d) scientific habits of mind. The components of science process.cut across and intersect with the components of science content. The components of science achievement overlap and are related to one another. Despite such an overlap, understanding the rot e that each component plays provides insight into its unique contributions as well as its interactions with other components. A definition of science achievement and identification of its components based on major reform documents provides a guideline for science assessment as well a s science teaching and learning.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2006

Biomedical image is often complex. An applied image analysis system should deal with the images which are of quite low quality and are challenging to segment. This paper presents a framework for color cell image segmentation by learning and classification online. It is a robust two-stage scheme using kernel method and watershed transform. In first stage, a two-class SVM is employed to discriminate the pixels of object from background; where the SVM is trained on the data which has been analyzed using the mean shift procedure. A real-time training strategy is also developed for SVM. In second stage, as the post-processing, local watershed transform is used to separate clustering cells. Comparison with the SSF (Scale space filter) and classical watershed-based algorithm (those are often employed for cell image segmentation) is given. Experimental results demonstrate that the new method is more accurate and robust than compared methods.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop an art-based integration program for the Korean schools in the United States to improve students' academic performance and nurture the spirit of the young and can enable students taking art classes to better understand social and cultural phenomena influencing their lives. This study integrates with six other subjects that are language art, math, religion, social studies, and Korean history. Art classes are considered the main vehicle for integrating the entire program using a thematic approach. The methodology of this study is based on the literature research and the information of the place, the Korean School of Columbus, is that the school is one of 124 Korean Schools in the Mid-western states and is located in the northern part of Columbus, Ohio. In this study, I developed an art-based integration program to be connected well with other subjects to help students to make sense of them in the complex societies and to help them to obtain the five goals that are included: First, students will understand about a Korean history and culture through making a kite; Second, they will know that a kite can be used as ways of communication with people and God; Third, they will also know how different types of kites respond to the airflow of the wind; Fourth, they will understand an enjoyable and different way of learning about aspects of Fine art, Bible, Language art, Mathematics, Science, History, and Social studies; Lastly, they will learn how important to cooperate with each other.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.381-411
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how students' mathematical creativity changes through problem-solving instruction using problem-posing for elementary school students and to explore instructional methods to improve students' mathematical creativity in school curriculum. In this study, nonequivalent control group design was adopted, and the followings are main results. First, problem-solving lessons with problem-posing had a significant effect on students' mathematical creativity, and all three factors of mathematical creativity(fluency, flexibility, originality) were also significant. Second, the lessons showed meaningful results for all upper, middle, and lower groups of pupils according to the level of mathematical creativity. When analyzing the effects of sub-factors of mathematical creativity, there was no significant effect on fluency in the upper and middle groups. Based on the results, we suggest followings: First, there is a need for a systematic guidance plan that combines problem-solving and problem-posing, Second, a long-term lesson plan to help students cultivate novel mathematical problem-solving ability through insights. Third, research on teaching and learning methods that can improve mathematical creativity even for students with relatively high mathematical creativity is necessary. Lastly, various student-centered activities in math classes are important to enhance creativity.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

It is undeniably important to bring up a solution capability of arithmetic word problems in the elementary mathematical education. The goal of this study is to acquire the implication for remedial instruction on arithmetic word problems solving through surveying elementary school students' difficulties in the solving of arithmetic word problems. In order to do it, this study was intended to analyze the following two aspects. First, it was analyzed that they generally felt more difficulties in which field among addition, subtraction, multiplication and division word problems. Second, with the result of the first analysis, it was examined that they solved it by imagining as which sphere of the other word problems. Also, the cause of their error on the word problem solving was analyzed by the interview. From the foregoing analyses, the following implications for remedial instruction on arithmetic word problems solving are acquired. First, the accumulation of learning deficiency must be diminished through the remedial instruction. Second, it must help students to understand the given problem and to make of what the goal of problem is. Third, it must help students to form a good habit for reading the problem and to understand the context of problem. forth, the teacher must help students to review and reflect their problem-solving processes.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.709-730
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• 2010

본 연구에서 함수를 어려워하는 원인이 함수의 가역성에 기인하는지 살펴보고자 가역적 사고가 요구되는 무리함수의 개념과 가역성을 분석하였다. 함수와 관련하여 저학년에서 형성된 개념이 불균형 상태로 고착화되어 있다. 하위권 학생들의 시각화, 기호 이해, 특히 가역적 사고 능력이 부족하여 오류 현상을 보이고 있다. 저학년부터 생활 주변의 가역적인 사고를 요하는 내용을 다루지만, 학생들은 가역성이 내포된 함수 내용을 어려운 대상으로만 간주하고 인지 구조의 조절 과정을 의도적으로 회피하거나, 인출하여도 연결성이 부족하고 부정확한 개념으로 응답하고, 특히 가역성이 내포된 문제에 대하여 반응율과 정답율이 낮으며 다양한 오류 현상이 나타났다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2005

가상 필드는 초등학생들이 수학이나 과학에서 많이 필요로 하는 관찰력과 과학적 탐구 능력을 키워주기 위해 만들어진 시뮬레이션 가상현실 환경이다. 지난 4년간 가상 필드는 한 초등학교의 여러 학년 학생들을 상대로 사용되었는데, 가상 필드에서 탐색을 하던 학생들이 방향감을 잃어버리거나 또 자료 수집에 어려움을 보이는 등 여러 가지 문제점이 발견되었다. 이렇게 발견된 문제들을 해결하고 학생들이 좀 더 원활하게 자료 수집을 쉽게 할 수 있도록 도와주기 위해 처음에는 단순히 종이를 이용하는 형태에서 점진적으로 다양한 멀티미디어 환경을 이용하는 프로그램들을 개발하여 학생들에게 제공하였다. 이 논문에서는 초등학생들이 가상현실을 교육에 사용하면서 발생했던 문제점들을 기술하고 그것을 해결하기 위해 제공된 프로그램들을 설명한다. 또한 이런 프로그램들이 어떻게 사용자들의 행동에 영향을 주었는가에 대해서 설명한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.739-749
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• 2019

This article deals with the application of reliability analysis for determining the safety of simply supported beam under the uniformly distributed load. The uncertainties of the existing methods were taken into account and hence reliability analysis has been adopted. To accomplish this aim, Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models are developed. Reliability analysis is the probabilistic style to determine the possibility of failure free operation of a structure. The application of probabilistic mathematics into the quantitative aspects of a structure and improve the qualitative aspects of a structure. In order to construct the GRNN, ELM and GPR models, the dataset contains Modulus of Elasticity (E), Load intensity (w) and performance function (${\delta}$) in which E and w are inputs and ${\delta}$ is the output. The achievement of the developed models was weighed by various statistical parameters; one among the most primitive parameter is Coefficient of Determination ($R^2$) which has 0.998 for training and 0.989 for testing. The GRNN outperforms the other ELM and GPR models. Other different statistical computations have been carried out, which speaks out the errors and prediction performance in order to justify the capability of the developed models.