• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5441-5447
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• 2013

Purpose: To demonstrate the value of sequential determinations of pelvic drainage in the identification of increased risk of anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2011, data for the daily postoperative pH of pelvic drainage fluid in 753 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who initially underwent anterior resection with a double stapling technique were reviewed. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision. Patients with anastomotic leakage (Group AL, n=57) were compared to patients without leakage (Group nAL, n=696). Patients with perioperatively abdominopelvic implants that were likely to affect pH value (determined at $25^{\circ}C$) other than leakage were excluded. Mean postoperative values were compared. Results: Anastomotic leakage was noted in 57 (7.6%) of 753 patients with rectal cancer. The diagnosis of AL was made between the $6^{th}$ and $12^{th}$ postoperative day (POD; mean $8^{th}$ POD). There was no significance of the daily average values of pH on POD1 & 2 in group AL while a significantly sharp declining mean pH value reached its diagnostic point of AL (p<0.001) on POD3. A cut-off value of 6.978 on the $3^{rd}$ POD maximized the sensitivity (98.7.0%) and specificity (94.7%) in assessing the risk of leakage. Conclusion: According to these results, an early and persistent declining of pH value of pelvic drainage fluid after rectal surgery with anastomosis, is a marker of AL. A cut-off value of 6.798 determined at $25^{\circ}C$ on POD3 maximizes sensitivity and specificity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2024

In recent years, the construction industry has diligently focused on improving the quality and safety of buildings through smart technologies. However, there is a growing trend of leakage defects, especially in educational facilities, due to aging. The objective of this study is to analyze the causes of these defects in educational environments using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique and propose preventive measures based on the findings. The FTA technique is explained through a review of domestic literature, and data from the Educational Support Center from 2019 to 2021 are examined to identify major defects. The construction of the Fault Tree (FT) for leakage defects resulted in the identification of 12 basic events. Subsequently, a comprehensive understanding of the causes of leakage is achieved through FTA analysis, leading to the identification of the primary causes of defects. Leakage defects accounted for 46.8% of all reported issues in educational facilities, with roof (ceiling) leaks being the most common problem. FTA analysis revealed that poor substrate treatment was the main cause of roof (ceiling) leaks, which could be attributed to cracks in the waterproof layer, joint cracks, and microvoids in the waterproof layer. The primary achievement of this research is to provide essential data for preventing leakage defects in educational facilities and developing preventive measures through the FTA technique. These results are expected to significantly enhance the management of educational facilities and the prevention of leakage issues.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.336-347
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• 2006

Pit and fissure sealants has been proven as safe and effective method of caries prevention. But improper application of pit and fissure sealant may masking the caries process in occlusal fissure. Dentists have to understand the correct and exact application method of pit and fissure sealant for he good result of caries prevention. A key factor to enhanced the effectiveness of caries prevention is retention of pit and fissure sealant. Deep penetration of material into fissure and least marginal leakage around the fissure orifice are the major concerns for dentists to achieve the successive application of pit and fissure sealants. This paper reviewed the literature on the pit and fissure sealants under the following subtitles for enhanced retention : (1) application timing, (2) Indication, (3) Occlusal prophylaxis, (4) Materials, (5) Penetration, (5) Recall check Dental profession must perform the exact application of pit and fissure sealant because this procedure is one of the most technique-sensitive one in dental field.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2007

The major causes of electrical fire are classified to short circuit fault, overload fault, electric leakage and electric contact failure. The occurrence factor of the fire is electric arc or spark accompanied with electrical faults. Residual Current Protective Device (RCD), that is Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker(ELB) and Molded_case Circuit Breaker (MCB), of high sensitivity type used at low voltage wiring cuts off earth leakage and overload, but the RCD can't cut off electric arc or spark to be a major factor of electrical fire. As the RCDs which are applied low voltage distribution panel are prescribed to rated breaking time about 30[ms] (KS C 4613), the RCDs can't perceive to the periodic electric arc or spark of more short wavelength level. To be improved on such problem, this research development is proposed to a auxiliary control apparatus for RCD trip on electric arc or spark due to electrical fire. Some experimental results of the proposed apparatus is confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1976

The present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the initial marginal sealing ability of the sealant known as Nuva-Seal to seal cavity margins when used in conjunction with Adaptic and Nuva-Fil restorative materials. The results were as follows; 1. Where each Adaptic and Nuva-Fil restorative material was filled, showed the greatest degree of marginal leakage. 2. Where Adaptic and Nuva-Fil restorative materials were filled after acid etched surrrounding enamel surface adjoining the cavity margins, showed some degree of marginal leakage. 3. Where the Nuva-Seal was applied after acid etching a) to the cavity walls and the peripheral enamel surface adjoining the cavity margins, b) only to the surrounding enamel surface adjoining the cavity margins, and c) over the restorations and the peripheral enamel surface, showed complete absence of marginal leakage of Adaptic and Nuva-Fil restorative materials. 4. Where the Nuva-Seal was applied with the same methods as above, and restorations were placed on thermal stress also showed complete absence of marginal leakage of Adaptic and Nuva-Fil restorative materials.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

The rapid development of mobile technology has increased the use of mobile devices, and the possibility of security incidents is also increasing. The leakage of information through photos is the most representative. Previous methods for preventing this are disadvantageous in that they can not take pictures for other purposes. In this paper, we design and implement a system to prevent information leakage through photos using object recognition and beacon. The system inspects pictures through object recognition based on deep learning and verifies whether security policies are violated. In addition, the location of the mobile device is identified through the beacon and the appropriate rules are applied. Web applications for administrator allow you to set rules for taking photos by location. As soon as a user takes a photo, they apply appropriate rules to the location to automatically detect photos that do not conform to security policies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4447-4453
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2011, 753 consecutive patients in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute diagnosed with rectal cancer and undergoing anterior resection with a double stapling technique were recruited. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Additionally, decrease of postoperative tumor supplied group of factors (TSGF), which have not been reported before, was proposed as a new indicator for AL. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine risk factors for AL. Results: AL was detected in 57 (7.6%) of 753 patients with rectal cancer. The diagnosis of anastomotic leakage was confirmed between the 6th and 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.002), level of anastomosis (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001) and reduction of TSGF in 5th POD was less than 10 ${\mu}/ml$ (p<0.001) were selected as 5 independent risk factors for AL. It was also indicated that a temporary defunctioning transverse ileostomy (p=0.04) would decrease the occurrence of AL. Conclusion: AL after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma is related to elderly status, low level site of the tumor (below the peritoneal reflection), being male, preoperative BMI and the decrease of TSGF in $5^{th}$ POD is less than 10 ${\mu}/ml$. Preventive ileostomy is advisable after TME for low rectal tumors to prevent AL.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.577-585
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• 2023

This study applied ALOHA Program to predict the damage caused by fire and explosion predicted to occur from gas leakage at LPG stations and presented plans to prevent damages by diagramming the impact range and distance. The propane gas leakage from LPG stations causes human damage like breathing issues and property damage, including building destruction to residents in the surrounding areas. As a way to reduce this, first, the hazardous substance safety manager of the LPG station needs to check frequently whether the meters and safety valves are working properly to prevent leakage in advance. Second, the LPG stations' storage tanks should be worked by the person who received "hazardous substance safety manager training" under the provisions of the Act on the Safety Control of Hazardous Substances and has been appointed as a "hazardous substance safety manager" by the fire department. Third, LPG station's various safety device functions, such as overfill prevention devices, must be checked on a regular basis. Finally, wearing work clothes and shoes that prevent static electricity at LPG stations is highly recommended, as static can cause a fire when gas leaks.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.213-221
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose is to find the optimal way to quickly block the leak in the event of a leak accident in a tank lorry transporting hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, a hazardous chemical, and to carry out effective disaster prevention work to minimize damage caused by the leak. Method: We organized the overall characteristics of hydrochloric acid and accidents that occurred during transportation by accident type and cause, and created a small tank that can be tested assuming a leak situation in a hydrochloric acid tanker, creating an environment similar to the leak situation, and leaking in various ways. I would like to experiment and organize blocking methods. Result: Through experiments, an effective leak blocking method was confirmed. We would like to summarize measures to quickly block a leak in the event of a leak and present the optimal disaster prevention plan that can be applied at the accident site. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that using a combination of adhesive tape and magnets is more effective in blocking leaks. Rapid response is possible by repeatedly training business emergency response teams and product transporters to appropriately select and respond to leak-blocking equipment. Additional research on various leak prevention methods is needed in the future.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.4662-4679
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• 2015

Currently, the leakage of internal information has emerged as one of the most significant security concerns in enterprise computing environments. Especially, damage due to internal information leakage by insiders is more serious than that by outsiders because insiders have considerable knowledge of the system's identification and password (ID&P/W), the security system, and the main location of sensitive data. Therefore, many security companies are developing internal data leakage prevention techniques such as data leakage protection (DLP), digital right management (DRM), and system access control, etc. However, these techniques cannot effectively block the leakage of internal information by insiders who have a legitimate access authorization. The security system does not easily detect cases which a legitimate insider changes, deletes, and leaks data stored on the server. Therefore, we focused on the insider as the detection target to address this security weakness. In other words, we switched the detection target from objects (internal information) to subjects (insiders). We concentrated on biometrics signals change when an insider conducts abnormal behavior. When insiders attempt to leak internal information, they appear to display abnormal emotional conditions due to tension, agitation, and anxiety, etc. These conditions can be detected by the changes of biometrics signals such as pulse, temperature, and skin conductivity, etc. We carried out experiments in two ways in order to verify the effectiveness of the emotional recognition technology based on biometrics signals. We analyzed the possibility of internal information leakage detection using an emotional recognition technology based on biometrics signals through experiments.