• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1984

This study was conducted to know the influence of plant age and cultural conditions such as plant population density and light intensity under the shading on the leaf shape of panax ginseng. The result obtained were as follows; 1) Leaf length(L)/maximum width(W) was no difference with different age of over 3-over 3year old plant, but that of 1 or 2-yearold was smaller than those of over 3-year old. The values of L/W showed in the order of 2 or 4,3, 1 or 5 leaflet. 2) Ratios of leaflet area to leaf area were 32.0% in leaflet 3, from 209.% to 27.9% in leaflet 2 or 4, and from 6.5% to 7.1% in leaflet 1 or 5. 3) The coefficients of variability for L/W and ratio of leaflet area to leaf area of leaflet 3 were smallest among leaflets. 4) There were significant differences between largest and smallest leaflet 3, leaf areas and ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area in same plant. 5) LW and ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area were not affected by plant population density. 6) It showed a tendency that the L/W was increased with increasing the light transmittance rate (LTR). The ratio of leaflet 3 area to leaf area of ginseng grown under 20% LTR was not different comparing to that of plant grown under 5% LTR, but it was significantly increased in plant grown at 100% LTR.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 1997

To determine variations in leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), leaflet size (LS), and leaflet shape index (LSI), and their association with eight agronomic traits, characterization data of 884 soybean accessions which were grown in the autumn of 1992 in Taiwan were analyzed. LL ranged from 4.3 to 14.7 cm, and LW ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 cm. Also, LS (LL $\times$ LW) ranged from 12.1 to 124.6 $\textrm{cm}^2$. The absolute variation of LL, LW, and LS was not large because of limitation in vegetative growth by short day length. None was classified as a large leaflet based on the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. LSI (LL /LW) ranged from 1.21 to 3.06, and three accessions were classified as narrow leaflet. There were differences in ranges and means of LL, LW, LS, and LSI between and within temperate and tropical accessions. LL, LW, LS, and LSI had highly significant positive correlations with seven agronomic traits and highly significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight except LW for all accessions. There was variation in the closeness of association among leaflet traits, and between and within temperate and tropical accessions. Generally, LL, LW, and LS were more closely associated with days to flowering, plant height at $R_1$ and $R_8$, number of pods per plant; LSI was more closely associated with 100-seed weight than other traits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1985

This study was carried out to develope the equations for estimating the areas of leaflet, leaf, and total leaf for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old ginseng, Panax ginseng, grown in field. The highest correlation coefficient was found between leaflet area and product of leaflet length and width(LW) in all leaflets although leaflet shape varied somewhat according to the position and plant age. It was possible to estimate area of the leaf, and total leaf by one central leaflet in a compound leaf. The equations for estimating the leafet, leaf areas of 1 year differ to those of over 2 years old plant, but there was no difference among those of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. The equations for 1 year old are A =0.64 LW, A' =A/0.38, and for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old, A =0.60 LW, A' =A/0.32, A" =A' x number of leaves of central leaflet(A), leaf(A') and total leaf areas(A"), respectively. The estimation of leaflet, leaf, total leaf areas of ginseng plant grown under 20% light-transmittance rate was possible by using the equations mentioned.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of degenerative mitral regurgitation (dMR) and preoperative planning for transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr). TEE is an invasive modality requiring anesthesia and esophageal intubation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has limited the number of elective invasive procedures. Multi-detector computed tomographic angiography (MDCT) provides high-resolution images and 3D reconstructions to assess complex mitral anatomy. We hypothesized that MDCT would reveal similar information to TEE relevant to TMVr, thus deferring the need for a preoperative TEE in certain situations like during a pandemic. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data on patients who underwent or were evaluated for TMVr for dMR with preoperative MDCT and TEE between 2017 and 2019. Two TEE and 2 MDCT readers, blinded to patient outcome, analyzed: leaflet pathology (flail, degenerative, mixed), leaflet location, mitral valve area (MVA), flail width/gap, anterior-posterior (AP) and commissural diameters, posterior leaflet length, leaflet thickness, presence of mitral valve cleft and degree of mitral annular calcification (MAC). RESULTS: A total of 22 (out of 87) patients had preoperative MDCT. MDCT correctly identified the leaflet pathology in 77% (17/22), flail leaflet in 91% (10/11), MAC degree in 91% (10/11) and the dysfunctional leaflet location in 95% (21/22) of patients. There were no differences in the measurements for MVA, flail width, commissural or AP diameter, posterior leaflet length, and leaflet thickness. MDCT overestimated the measurements of flail gap. CONCLUSIONS: For preoperative TMVr planning, MDCT provided similar measurements to TEE in our study.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on mainstem, branch and leaf characteristics related to canopy for development of high yielding cultivar using 70 Korean soybean cultivars developed from 1913 to 2000. Variations of canopy width, branch length, and canopy width/length ratio were higher compared to other characteristics among 12 mainstem and branch characters. Variations of petiole angle, leaflet width/length ratio and compound leaf dry weight were higher than other characteristics among eight leaf characters related to plant canopy. Three classifications of soybean cultivars were used based on usage: I)soy sauce and tofu, II)bean sprout, and III)cooking with rice. Canopy width/length ratio was higher in group III, cooking with rice than group I, soy sauce and tofu, and group II, bean sprout, and there was no difference between the two, group I and group II. The total branch length/main stem height ratio was higher in group II, bean sprout and group III, cooking with rice than group I, soy sauce and tofu. Mainstem and branch characteristics related to plant canopy were classified into four groups by ratio of canopy width/length and total branch length/main stem length, respectively. Soybean cultivars with narrow canopy and high dependence of mainstem were Danweonkong, Keumkangkong, Shelby, and Shinpaldalkong. Soybean cultivars with broad canopy and high dependence of mainstem were Kanglim, Keumkangdaelip, and Jinyulkong, and a cultivar with broad canopy and high dependence of branch were Geomjeongkong 2. Leaflet length/width ratio was lowest in cooking with rice and there was no difference between soy sauce and tofu and bean sprout. Compound leaf area was largest in cooking with rice and smallest in bean sprout. Leaf petiole length was short in bean sprout and there was no difference between soy sauce and tofu and bean sprout. Leaf petiole angle was highest in cooking with rice and lowest in bean sprout. Leaf type was classified into four groups based on leaflet width/length ratio and compound leaf area, respectivly. Buseok and Taekwangkong had an oval leaflet and largest area of compound leaf. Eunhakong and Sohokong had extreme narrow leaflet and smallest area of compound leaf. Leaf petiole type was classified into three and four groups based on leaf petiole length and angle, respectively. A soybean cultivar with the shortest petiole length and smallest petiole angle was Eunhakong and cultivars with short petiole length and large petiole angle were Alchankong, Muhankong, and Pureunkong. A soybean cultivar with long petiole length and small petiole angle was Sinpaldalkong 2. Among a total of 70 Korean soybean cultivars, Eunhakong had an extreme narrow type in leaf, smallest compound leaf area, shortest petiole length, and smallest petiole angle of compound leaf.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.383-387
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• 2013

This study was carried out to examine whether the leaf size is likely to be used as a selection criterion for large seed genotype in soybean (Glycine. max (L.) Merr.) breeding program. Two hundred twenty nine soybean germplasms which had collected in Korea, United States, China and Japan were used in this experiment. The area of unifoliate leaf, middle leaflet of first trifoliate and third trifoliate leaf ranged from $3.2cm^2$ to $33.8cm^2$, 9.2 to $29.5cm^2$, and 7.2 to $58.9cm^2$, respectively. One hundred seed weight also showed great variation from 2.7 to 39.0 gram. The average leaf area of unifoliate, middle leaflet of first trifoliate and third trifoliate leaf were $15.7cm^2$, $18.1cm^2$ and $32.7cm^2$, respectively, and that of seed average weight was 17.2 gram per one hundred seed. Significantly positive correlations were observed between seed weight and leaf area of unifoliate (r=$0.80^{**}$), first trifoliate (r=$0.75^{**}$) and third trifoliate (r=$0.67^{**}$), respectively. Both the leaf length and leaf width of unifoliate, middle leaflet of first trifoliate and third trifoliate leaf were significantly positively correlated with seed weight and both the correlations of unifoliate were higher than the other leaves. The correlations of leaf width in soybean leaflet were higher than those of leaf length. Leaf length/width (L/W) ratio of upper leaf was higher than that of lower leaf in the leaf size. Both the leaf area and leaf width of unifoliate leaf are the most suitable predictive characteristics of early selection in related to seed weight for soybean breeding program.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.745-749
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• 1992

A 17-year-old male patient of aortic stenoinsufficiency with a small aortic annulus underwent aortic valve replacement[St. Jude Medical valve 21mm] with Rittenhouse-Man-ouguian procedure[patch enlargement of the area of the noncoronary sinus and anterior mitral leaflet] The used patch was made from tubular dacron graft[the longitudinal length was 35mm, the width 20mm]. The length of incision into anterior mitral leaflet was 10mm and the aortic annulus was enlarged in 10mm, The patient was evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography at 4 month after operation and the result was excellent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.332-336
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• 1981

Seven soybean varieties and 21 F 2 hybrids of a diallel cross among these varieties were used as the materials, and genetic studies were conducted to evaluate the frequency and distribution of genes governing the characters of soybean leaf shapes. Partial dominance was exhibited by petiole length of trifoliates, petiole length of terminal leaflets, length of terminal leaflets, length of lateral leaflets, width of terminal leaflets Mean values of length of terminal leaflet were higher than those of lateral leaflets and length of leaflets were higher than width of leaflets, but mean values of width of terminal leaflets were shorter than those of lateral leaflets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.93-95
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• 1968

The importance of leaf area as related to transpiration and photosynthesis is generally recognized. In general, a compound leaf of soybean consist of one main leaflet and two side leaflets from each node of the stem. Takahashi and Fukuyama (1919) classified soybeans into three types, namely the long leaf type, round leaf type, and intermediate type, in which the last one had round leaves at the base and long leaves in the upper part of the stem. Nagai (1925) and Takahashi (1935). dealt with the genetics of the leaf form and association with other characters. The closely relationships, the correlation coefficients from 0.64 to 0.73, were shown between the leaf area and the soybean yield in the experiments by Nagai (1942). Nagata (1950) also tested the varietal differences of the variation of leaf length and its ratio to the leaf width on the nodes of stem, and finally divided varieties into five types. Three methods of measuring area of strawberry leaves were used by Darrow (1932). The first involved determining a factor to be used with length or length ${\times}$width measurements. The second method involved placing leaves on pieces of cardboard of known area cut to the shape of the leaves. Direct use of the planimeter on intact leaves was Darrow's third method. Miller (1938) enumerated several methods to determine the leaf surface area in plants, some of which were extremely laborious and required removing leaves from plants. They included tracing outlines of leaves on paper and measuring the enclosed area with a planimeter or cutting out the traced areas and comparing the weights obtained with the weight of a known paper. Another method involved placing the form of the leaf on sensitized paper with the area being determined by measuring or weighing as above. Miller further stated that the photoelectric cell can also be utilized to estitmate leaf area. Working with field beans, Davis (1940) found that 0.004517 (length ${\times}$ width) of the center leaflet was the most nearly accurate of four methods attempted. A simple procedure to measure leaf area in corn was devised 1 y Montgomery (1911) and used by Kiesselbach (1950). The formula was length ${\times}$ width ${\times}$ 0.75. Stickler et al. (1961) have successfully used length times width ${\times}$ 0.747 to estimate area of grain sorghum leaves. Bhan and Pande(1966) has also used length ${\times}$ width ${\times}$ 0.802 to determine leaf area of rice varieties. The main objectives of the present investigation were to develop an accurate, rapid method to determine leaf area in soybean varieties and to examine certain data associated with leaf area determinations.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

A study was conducted to observe the variation and inheritance of agronomic traits and their interrelationship in mungbean. The objective of the study was to compare agronomic traits and hardseed percentage of 268 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from the cross between wild Vigna subspecies sublobata "ACC 41" with the mungbean cultivar "Berken". The RIL population and their parents were evaluated under controlled conditions in a glass house at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. The results showed significant differences among the RILs and among the parents in all traits under study. Berken had a longer flowering date and a higher seed weight per plant, but less total leaf number and pod number per plant than ACC 41. A germination test between papers revealed that ACC 41 was 100% hard-seeded and did not germinate at all, while Berken germinated up to 100%. Their RILs distributed well between 0 to 100% hardseed. Upon scarification, all hardseed germinated within seven days. Narrowsense heritability estimates of total leave number, hardseedness, pod length, and pod width were highly heritable at 89.9, 98.9, 93.7, and 93.2%, respectively. The heritability of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant were lower at 63.1 and 58.4%, respectively. Seed weight per plant showed positive transgressive segregation when compared with ACC 41 and a positive correlation with 100 seed weight. While the number of seeds per pod showed a negative transgressive segregation when compared with Berken and a negative correlation with pod length and pod width. The RILs gave a 1:1 segregation ratio in leaflet shape, growth habit, and growth pattern, indicating that these traits were controlled by a single dominant gene.