• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.339-345
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• 1997

The Arisaema robustum, perennial non-stem herb, population in the temperate forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Kyonggi Province was studied for leaf pattern and leaf growth from 1993 to 1995. The area of each side leaflet was larger than that of the apical leaflet in 3-leaflet form plants. But there was no significant difference among the leaflets (apical, 1st side and 2nd side leaflet) in t-testing of the 5-leaflet form plants. The specific leaf area (SLA) of the 3-leaflet form plant was greater than that of the 5-leaflet form plant, and the difference was significant at 0.1%. But differences of SLA value among the leafleats of the same leaflet form plants were minor. The area of leaflets or total leaf area was inversely proportioned to the their SLA values. Especially, the correlation coefficients (CC) between leaf area and SLA in apical leaflets and side leaflets of the 3-leaflet form plant compared to the 1st side leaflets of the 5-leaflet form plants were significant at the level of 1%. The differences between two sides in the dry weight and area of leaflets starting from the apical leaflets were about 5%. The CC values between attributes of the petiole (length and dry weight) and those of leaf blades (dry weight, leaf area and SLA) were high and significant at a 1% level. Especially, The CC value between the dry weight of the petioles and that of the leaf blades was higher than any others (r=0.952). The morphologies of the leaf margins were entire, medium serrate and serrate, and the same plant showed the same type from year to year. The plants usually had one leaf and occasionally 2 leaves. 1-leaf plants usually had 3 or 5 leaflets and occasionally 2 or 4 leaflets. Each year, the ration of individuals having the same number of leaflets was 72%, and that of individuals having a different number of leaflets was 27.54% (an increase of 20.4% and a decrease of 7.1% respectively). In the individuals increasing in the number of leaflets, the ration of individuals shifting from the 3-leaflet from to the 5-leaflet form was 14%. The increase ration of leaf area per individual a year was 37%, and the increase ratios of the plants increasing in leaflets were 60-70% regardiness of leaflet increase. The ratios of leaflet length/breadth were about 1-2, and the variations of those were 0.182-0.286 each year (12-20%).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.539-542
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• 1990

들깨의 종실ㆍ엽 겸용 신품종인 '엽실들깨'를 공시하여 정식기별로 채엽회수와 채엽시기를 달리할 경우 생육특성, sink 관련형질 및 종실수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 시험을 실시한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상품가치가 있다고 보여지는 충분히 전개된 잎을 대상으로 채엽한 결과 경장은 무채엽구에 비하여 작아지는 경향이었다. 2. 채엽이 경태, 절수, 분지수 등에는 크게 영향을 주지 않았다. 3. 채엽에 의해 sink 관련형질인 화방수, 천립중을 감소시켜 종실수량이 낮아졌으며, 채엽회수가 많을수록 채엽시기가 늦을수록 영향이 큰 경향이었다. 4. 종실ㆍ엽 겸용 들깨재배시에는 종실수량 감소가 크지 않고 채엽에 의한 소득이 증대될 수 있는 조기채엽이나 1-2회 채엽이 바람직하였다. 5. 재배목적이 종실과 엽을 동시에 생산하고자 할 경우에는 5월 10일 파종 6월 20일 정식이 가장 적기이며, 6월 10일 파종 7월 20일 정식까지는 재배가 가능할 것으로 보였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제21권
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• pp.17-21
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• 2003

글라디올러스의 생육에 있어 엽초의 역할을 알아보기 위해 제거시기와 제거수를 달리하여 엽초제거 한 후 생육반응을 조사한 결과, 생육초기의 광조건에 관계없이 엽초를 모두 제거함으로써 화경장과 화수장이 짧아졌고 개화수도 적어졌으며 특히 제거시기가 빠를수록 생육이 현저하게 저조해졌다. 그러나 엽초제거에 따른 개화소요일수는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 엽초를 엽위별로 제거한 처리구에서 엽초 1, 2 및 3매를 제거한 것은 생육 차이를 보이지 않았으나 글라디올러스의 초장 생장에 비례적으로 자라난 4번째 엽초를 포함하여 제거한 엽초 4매 제거구에서 타 처리구에 비해 화경장이 25cm이상 작아졌으며 화수장도 짧아지고 개화수도 적어졌다. 또한 줄기기부도 비정상적으로 굵어졌다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2005

Antimicrobial activity of persimmon leaf tea methanol extracts on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was examined through paper disk diffusion bioassay. K. pneumoniae and S. aureus showed 87.64 and 99.35% growth inhibitions by addition of steamed tea methanol extracts (10 mg/ml), respectively. The number of microorganisms in rice cakes was significantly reduced when leaf tea powder was added during production of rice cakes. Addition of 1% steamed leaf teas to rice cakes decreased the number of microorganisms by over 50%, and over 70% reduction was observed when final 2% (dried weight w/w) steamed leaf tea was added, whereas no significant effect was observed over 2%. These results indicate that different microorganisms were detected from persimmon leaf and rice cake, and persimmon leaf can inhibit normal microbial growth in rice cake.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2012

목본식물의 초식에 대한 방어 전략을 알아보고자 가막살나무속 5수종의 잎에 대하여 형태적 특성, domatia 구조와 수, 초식곤충과 응애 서식 여부 등을 관찰 조사하였다. 본 연구를 위해 원주시, 평창군, 태백시, 태안군, 봉화군, 산청군 및 진주시에 생육 중인 나무에서 엽시료를 채취하여 2009년 5월부터 2011년 10월까지 관찰, 조사하였다. 포식응애와의 상리공생을 위한 domatia에 있어서는 아왜나무는 쌈지형, 분꽃나무는 호주머니형이었고, 산분꽃나무, 가막살나무 및 산가막살나무는 털북숭이형 domatia를 발달시키고 있었다. 엽당 domatia 평균 갯수는 산분꽃나무에서 24.0개/엽으로 가장 많았고, 분꽃나무에서 4.9개/엽으로 가장 적었다. 엽 표면의 털은 아왜나무를 제외한 가막살나무속 4수종의 엽신과 엽맥의 성모와 강모가 가장 많았으며, 분꽃나무, 산분꽃나무 및 가막살나무에서는 잎 생장이 완성될 때까지 잎의 표면에서도 성모가 유지됨을 확인하였다. 엽연부의 엽맥 끝에 넥타를 분비하는 화외밀선(EFN)은 가막살나무 5 수종에서 모두 관찰되었다. 가막살나무, 산가막살나무에서는 잎 뒷면 선점(pellucid dot)이 분포하는 것이 좋은 방어전략이라 판단된다. 가막살나무의 선점에서 넥타를 먹는 포식응애들이 다수 관찰되었다. 엽당 응애의 개체수는 수종간 고도의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며, 엽당 응애 개체수 평균은 산분꽃나무가 8.1마리로 가장 많았으며, 아왜나무가 2.6마리로 가장 적었다. 이러한 결과는 온대 활엽수종은 생존을 위하여 초식에 대한 다양한 방어전략을 발달시키면서 생육하고 있다고 판단된다. 지속가능한 산림생태계를 위한 수목의 초식에 대한 방어전략에 대한 많은 연구가 요청된다고 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per $m^2$) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ and 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per $m^2$) and with the topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$), and with topping at the 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2013

우리나라에서 안면도에만 분포하는 먹넌출 집단의 생명자원보존을 위하여 엽의 형태적 특성과 I-SSR 표지자를 이용한 유전변이를 조사하였다. 10가지 엽특성에 대한 ANOVA 분석결과 모든 특성에서 개체 간에 통계적인 유의성이 인정되었다. 조사된 39개체의 평균특성은 엽신장 11.8 cm, 최대엽폭 7.1 cm, 엽지수 1.67, 상1/3폭 5.4 cm, 하1/3폭 6.2 cm, 엽병길이 3.6 cm, 엽두께 0.19 mm, 엽맥수(좌) 11.5개, 엽맥수(우) 11.4개, 엽면적 61.7 $cm^2$로 나타났다. 변이계수 값은 엽두께, 엽병길이, 엽면적이 각각 18.8%, 21.7%, 22.0%로 높게 나타났으며, 나머지 특성들에서는 15% 이내의 비교적 낮은 변이를 나타냈다. 선발된 8개 I-SSR Primer에서 총 50개의 증폭산물을 얻었으며, 유효대립 유전자의 수 1.719개, 다형적 유전자좌의 비율 26.0%, 이형접합도의 기대치 0.410 및 Shannon의 다양성지수 0.598로 각각 나타났다. 안면도 먹넌출 집단은 제한된 지역에 분포하며 개체수가 적음에도 불구하고 높은 유전다양성을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2005

The effect of cotton leaf mosaic disease on morphology, yield and fibre characteristics was examined for a susceptible cotton candidate variety CRIS-168. Plants inoculated at most susceptible growth stage (six week) under screen house showed severe mosaic symptoms. There was a significant reduction in plant height and yield. Cotton leaf mosaic disease was found to produce severe effects on plant morphology with 24.1% reduction in plant height, 25% in internode length and 37.5% in number of sympodia on main stem. However no changes were observed against number of monopodial branches per plant. Inoculated plants showed 82% decrease in yield/plant, 80% in number of boll set/ plant, 12.1% in boll weight, 12.8% in lint weight, 10.8% in seed weight, and 6.8% in seed index. Cotton leaf mosaic disease also showed effects on fibre characteristics with 0.8% decrease in GOT and 1.6% in fibre length. In contrast, uniformity ratio, fibre fineness and maturity index was increased by 20.5%, 14.4% and 0.9%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 1994

For better understanding of population dynamics of Symplocarpus renifolius, some aspects of seed production were studied in natural populations for 3 years. The rate of reproducing plants (RP) was 8.06% among the whole studied. The RPs were 0.0% in leaf size class under 500cm2 per individual, and 3.6% in 500~1,000cm2, and 44.3% in over 3,000cm2. The resource allocated to sexual organ was 11.6% of total biomass at the end of growing season, and that to belowground was about 80% regradless of presence or absence of sexual organ. In the previous and the next years of seed production, the energy allocated to sexual organ didn't affect the changes of leaf size, year by year. After flowing season. Especially, a large number of sex organ were degraded in April, a period of pollination and fertilization. The number of seeds per individual was degraded in April, a period of pollination and fertilization. The number of seeds per individual was 13~22 and didn't relate to leaf size. But the weight per seed increased along leaf size per individual. Therefore, in S.renifolius population, large individual produced large seeds rather than many seeds.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2001

Analysis of leaf exudates of Vicia faba using paper chromatography to identify individual amino acids and sugars qualitatively was investigated. The results revealed that the number of identified amino acids detected in the leaf exudates of the susceptible plants was more than those of resistant plants. The results also showed an increase in the number of amino acids exuded by infected leaves, but no marked difference in sugars of infected and non infected plants. Lithium chloride application led to decrease in amino acid and sugar contents. The number of amino acids and sugars was also decreased with leaf age. Botrytis fabae and the selected fungal species(Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) were used to show the effect of individual amino acid and sugar on their spore germination. It was observed that all amino acids stimulated the fungal spore germination except serine which inhibited its spore germination. In case of A. alternata, spore germination was stimulated by all amino acids except serine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and methionine which caused the inhibition. In case of F. oxysporum, aspartic and glutamic acids inhibited spore germination but the other amino acids stimulated its spore germination. Aspartic acid and phenyl alanine inhibited the spore germination of A. niger. All the identified sugars(galactose, glucose, fructose and rhamnose) stimulated spore germination of all tested fungi.