• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 1987

Lines were developed from the two crosses, BY4 X NC 82 and BY 4 X BY 104, by bulk, backcross and anther-derived dihaploid methods of breeding , and their variations in major agronomic, chemical characters, heritability, and response to selection were compared. 1. The anther-derived dihaploid lines showed a greater genetic variability and heritability in characters investigated than the lines developed by the other two methods of breeding . However, those were Inferior In agronomic characters and yielded 15.4% less leaf tobacco than the lines developed by the bulk method. 2. The lines developed by bulk method were higher In the frequency of lines resistant to bacterial wilt and in the yield, but Its lines appeared later flowering. inferior leaf Quality, and higher total nitrogen contents than those developed by the backcross method of breeding. 3. In the population of the lines developed by the backcross method, bacterial wilt resistant lines were less frequent, but the lines with a good leaf quality were more frequent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 1981

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of soil moisture content on the growth of tobacco plant at early stage after transplanting. Soil moisture was controlled to be 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% of the maximum water holding capacity (38.7%), and treated for 10, 20 and 30 days. Budding flowering and topping were delayed in the 30% and 45% treatment where soil moisture was deficient. Plant height, number of leaves, and length and width of the largest leaf were the best in the 75% treatment for 10 days, and development of the root and top was the best also in the same treatment. As the duration of low soil moisture treatment prolonged, intercellular space , became small. Nitrogen and potassium of the cured leaf showed the highest value in 30% and 45% treatments. Nicotine content of the cured leaf was high in the 90% treatment, and reducing sugar content of that was high in the 75% treatment for 10 days.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2009

Biological control activity of Acremonium strictum BCP, a mycoparasite on Botrytis cinerea, was examined against six plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blight, cucumber gray mold, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew in growth chambers. The spore suspension of strain BCP showed strong control activities against five plant diseases except against wheat leaf rust. On the other hand, the culture filtrate of A. strictum BCP was effective in controlling only cucumber gray mold and barley powdery mildew. Further in vivo biocontrol activities of A. strictum BCP against tomato gray mold were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Control efficacy of the fungus on tomato gray mold increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of more than $1{\times}10^6$ spores/ml significantly controlled the disease both in tomato seedlings and in adult plants. The high disease control activity was obtained from protective application of the strain BCP, whereas the curative application did not control the disease. Foliar infections of B. cinerea were controlled with $1{\times}10^8$ spores/ml of A. strictum BCP applied up to 7 days before inoculation. In a commercial greenhouse, application of A. strictum BCP exhibited the similar control efficacy with fungicide procymidone (recommended rate, $500{\mu}g/ml$) against strawberry gray mold. These results indicate that A. strictum BCP could be developed as a biofungicide for Botrytis diseases under greenhouse conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.317-321
• /
• 2008

In a search for plant extracts with in vivo antifungal activity for plant diseases, we found that the methanol extract of Myristica malabarica fruit rinds effectively suppressed the development of several plant diseases. The methanol extract exhibited potent 1-day protective activity against rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose. It also showed 7-day and 4-day protective activities against the plant diseases. Three antifungal resorcinols were isolated from the methanol extract of M. malabarica fruit rinds and identified as malabaricones A(MA), B(MB), and C(MC). Inhibitory activity of the three resorcinols against mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi varied according to compound and target species. All three compounds effectively reduced the development of rice blast, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose. In addition, MC was highly active for reducing the development of tomato late blight. This is the first report on the antifungal activities of malabaricones against filamentous fungi.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2023

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized employing Lagenaria siceraria (LS) leaf aqueous extract as a reducing and capping medium to remove methylene blue (MB) dye and have antibacterial properties against G-negative (Escherichia coli) and G-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The formation of LS-Fe-NPs (Lagenaria-siceraria-iron-nanoparticles) was confirmed by a change in color from pale yellow to dark brown. Characterization techniques, such as particle size analysis (PSA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to prove nano spherical particles of size range between 80-100 nm. Phytochemicals and the presence of iron in LS-Fe-NPs nanoparticles were proved by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis results confirmed the existence of bioactive molecules in the plants. The magnetic property was analyzed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which displayed that the synthesized nanoparticles were superparamagnetic and exhibiting a saturation magnetization of 12.5 emu/g. Synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were used in methylene blue (MB) dye removal through adsorption. About 83% of 100 mg/L MB dye was removed within 120 min at pH 6 with a maximum adsorption capacity of 246.8 mg/g. Antibacterial efficacy of LS-Fe-NPs was screened against G-negative (Escherichia coli) and G-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), respectively, and found that LS-Fe-NPs were effective against Staphylococcus aureus.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.132-136
• /
• 2012

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Malvacease that has been planted in tropical Africa and Asia region for more than 4000 years and use as source of fiber, energy and feed stock. In this study, the physiological characters and chemical compositions of kenaf mutant variety "Jangdae" developed using gamma irradiation at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) were compared with three genetic resources (Auxu, C12, and C14-DRS). Jangdae showed the highest productivity growth rates in fresh yield, dry weight (DW) yield (leaf and stem), node number, and stem thickness. Especially, leaf DW yield of Jangdae was 1.6-3.1 times higher than that of three genetic resources. Also, stem DW yield of Jangdae was 1.6-2.1 times higher than that of three genetic resources. In the analysis of chemical composition, Jangdae showed 16.9% of crude protein content that was 0.86-0.94 times lower than three cultivars. However, Jangdae showed the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in leaf (32.5%) and stem (75.2%). Also, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of stem and leaf in Jangdae were 64.4% and 33.9%, respectively. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 22.1 mg/g and 7.4 mg/g in Jangdae. Based on these results, Jangdae would have the potential to become a successful forage crop.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.242-247
• /
• 1988

To elucidate the relationship of the quality of aromatic tobaccos to their chemical constituents, certain chemical components and leaf quality by price were compared among cured leaves produced under different soil moisture levels during growing season. As the soil moisture increased, plant height and the length and width of largest leaf increased. days to flower was shortened and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of green leaf decreased. As the soil moisture increased, leaf quality was deteriorated. The content of nicotine, pet. ether ext. and total nitrogen increased with slight increment of nonvolatile organic acids and higher fatty acids, but ash content and pH of cured leaves decreased under high soil moisture content. Volatile organic acids such as 3-methyl pentanoic acid, the main compounds contributing to the aroma of oriental tobacco, and most volatile neutrals decreased conspicuously under high soil moisture. The content of pet. ether ext., volatile organic acids, volatile neutrals, ash and pH of cured leaves were found to be the appropriate factors for the quality evaluation of aromatic leaves grown under under different soil moisture.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.63 no.3
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2020

Antioxidative activities of 50% ethanolic extracts from Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf and bark were investigated. Yields of the leaf and bark extract were 8.1±0.31 and 17.4±0.89%, respectively. Polyphenol contents of the leaf and bark extract were 64.1±3.35 and 42.4±2.38 ㎍ gallic acid equivalents/mg, respectively. Flavonoid contents of the leaf and bark extract were 24.0±3.15 and 36.7±3.18 ㎍ quercetin equivalents/mg, respectively. As concentration of the leaf and bark extract increased, their antioxidative activities proportionally increased. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for cation radical scavenging were 560.6±17.65 and 1,357.4±8.45 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for free radical scavenging were 574.2±14.70 and 2,103.1±108.59 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power were 319.9±13.42 and 705.9±26.08 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for nitrite scavenging were 2,329.2±35.11 and 5,467.6±243.92 ㎍/mL, respectively. In the presence of 74.8 ㎍/mL of the leaf extract and 177.2 ㎍/mL of the bark extract, linoleic acid peroxidation was inhibited by 70.0 and 79.1%, respectively. The Du-zhong leaf extract possessed higher antioxidative activities than its bark extract.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.1228-1233
• /
• 1999

A study was conducted on four maize cultivars to determine the dry matter and fibre digestibility as influenced by advancing plant age. Samples of maize cultivars Akbar, Neelum, UM-81 and IZ-31 were harvested at weekly intervals/ growth stages. The samples of morphological fractions such as leaf and stem were also collected at various growth stages. Whole mixed fodder and different fractions of maize plant were analysed for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of whole maize plant, leaf and stem decreased significantly with advancing stage of maturity. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose decreased significantly in all plant parts with advancing plant age/growth stages. Maximum values for the digestibility of dry matter and various cell wall constituents were observed in leaf, followed by whole plant and stem fractions. Cultivars were observed to have significant effect of IVDMD and digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose in all plant fractions. The results indicated that digestibility of maize fodder was affected by stage of maturity and cultivars. However, maturity had a greater effect on digestibility in all plant fractions than did cultivars. Dry matter contents were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with IVDMD of whole plant and its leaf and stem fractions. Based on correlations, regression equations were computed to predict IVDMD.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2003

In this experiment, the curd was made from soybean and cow's milk in the ratio of 7 to 3, and coagulated with Glucono-delta-lacton(GDL) and $CaSO_4&.$2H_{2}O& in the 1:1 ratio. During the procedure, the mulberry leaf powder was added. The amount of the added powder varied from 0.1 % to 0.5 %. This experiment aimed to show the change of yield, general components, minerals, amino acid, changes of pH, sensory properties of these products. As mulberry leaf powder addition increased, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content, minerals and amino acids increased. Whereas moisture content decreased, and in particular,$Ca^{++}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ increased. On the other hand, in the sensory properties, the levels of satisfaction about the color, appearance, flavor, texture and savory were lower in mulberry leaf powder added than under control.