• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of the deep water irrigation on dry-seeded rice cultivation at the three different water managements-deep continuous flooding(DCF), water saving irrigation(WSI), ordinary irrigation(OI). The highest tillering numbers per $m^2$ of rice were 551, 466 and 455 in OI, WSI and DCF, respectively. The tillering number of rice plants were significantly reduced in DCF. Heading date was delayed and the total chlorophyll content in leaf after heading was higher in DCF than those in other irrigation methods. For the characteristics associated with lodging, the culm length in DCF was slightly elongated and the diameter of culm in DCF was thicker than that in WSI and OI. The breaking weight and bending moment in DCF also were higher than those in others. As the result, although the culm length in DCF was long, the lodging index was comparatively low. The panicle length in DCF was longer than in OI and WSI. The spikelet number per $m^2$ and 1,000-grain weight were the most in WSI, while panicle number, ripened grain ratio and grain weight were not significantly different. Longer panicle length and more spikelet number resulted in higher yielding capacity in DCF.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.187-190
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine phytotoxicity of domestic rice varieties and characteristic of sensitive gene involved in herbicide reaction of 4-HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibiting herbicides. The five rice varieties were grown for 2 to 3 leaf stage on seedling trays and then transplanted into plastic pot: 4-Japonica type (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi and Kumyoung) varieties and 1-Indica type variety (IR8). We trialled standard (14 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) and double fold (28 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) dose of benzobicyclon treatment at 10 days after transplanting in order to investigate phytoxicity. The Japonica-type Sangjubyeo showed no rice injury but Indica-type IR8 show 4-5 (standard) and 5-6 (double fold) phytoxicity levels. In spite of Japonica-type, Sanduljinmi and kumyoung showed 3-4 and 4-5 levels. Target resistant gene, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor sensitive gene No.1 (HIS1) have been isolated from five domestic rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi, Kumyoung and IR8). Results of the sequence through PCR, all five tested rice cultivars had HIS1 gene regardless to rice cultivars. And the difference between rice varieties from sequence of HIS1 were identified some variation in genes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1994

The metacercanae of the genus Stictodora encysted in gobies, Acnnthogobiln Snuimanw, purchased from a local market of Haenarn-gun, Chollanam-do, were identified as those of S. fuscotum A total of 1,437 metacercariae were collected from 30 gobies and sonle of them were orally fed to cats in order to obtain the adult worms. The metacercariae were 0.194-0.301 mm by 0.168-0.270 mm In size, yellowish brown, round to elliptical, and with a thin and transparent cyst wall. The excysted larvae were 0.280-0.423 mm long and 0.150-0.184 mm wide, beset with numerous tegumental spines on the anterior half of the body, and equipped 10 a characteristic ventrogenital sac. Total 21 adult worms were recovered from 2 cats 7 days after infection. The adult worms were small, leaf-like, 0.514-0.918 mm long and 0.235-0.377 mm wide. The ventrogenital sac was elliptical and its gonotyl was armed with 13-18 spines which were radially arranged and appeared as fan-shape. It has been confirmed that A. flavimanus is a second interinedlate host of 5. Juscatum In Korea.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.519-521
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• 2010

An Asiatic lily cultivar 'Asian Flame' was bred in 2007 at National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea. The crossing was conducted between female parent A94-34 ('Montreux' ${\times}$ 'Anabelle') and male parent 'Fire' by stigmatic pollination at Suwon in 1996. First selection was done and tentatively named as A98-98 in 1998. After in vitro multiplication and bulb production of A98-98 line, growth and flowering characteristic tests has been conducted from 2005 to 2007. The evaluation of characteristics and preference were surveyed at a lily flower show of NIHHS in 2007 in Taean. The new cultivar 'Asian Flame' flowers in middle of June and grows to an average of 122.7 cm in height. Flowers bloom upward-facing, red (RHS 45B) petals. Year-round flowering is possible by storage of the bulb under $-1.5^{\circ}C$ conditions. For forcing culture, it is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales of large bulb to prevent leaf scorch.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.515-518
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• 2010

'Gangha' is new strawberry ($Fragaria{\times}ananassa$ Duch.) cultivar, which was released by National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA, in 2008. In 2004, this cultivar was originated from a cross between 'Samahberi' and 'Elan' and showed excellent ever-bearing characteristics including continuous flowering habit, high yield under long-day and high temperature condition. It was named 'Saebong No.2' after examining its characteristic and productivity in summer culture from 2006 to 2007. Again, after two regional adaptability tests in 2008, 'Gangha' was selected as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of 'Gangha' include semi-spreading type, middle vigor, elliptic leaf, and long cluster in growth. The fruit shape is oval and fruit color is red. Fruit quality had 1ow activity, hardness but high soluble solids contents. This average fruit weight of 'Gangha' is about 12.0 g and the marketable yield is relatively high because of more flower cluster appearance. It is resistant against powdery mildew, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt. 'Gangha' is suitable for summer culture using domestic consumption because it is shows continuous flowering habit, high yield, and fruit quality under long-day and high temperature condition.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2010

An Asiatic lily cultivar 'Yeri' was developed in 2005 at National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. The cross was made in 1993 between Asiatic lily 'Geneve', a light pink colored cultivar, and 'Montreux', deep purple colored cultivar. The first selection was done and was tentatively named as 'A95-68' in 1995. After in vitro multiplication and bulbing production, growth and flowering characteristic tests were conducted from 1996 to 2003. The evaluation of characteristics was performed and named as 'Wongyo C1-19' in 2005 that was registered as 'Yeri' to the registration office of Korea Seed & Variety Service. 'Yeri' flowered at the first of July and grew average 34.6 cm stem in length. Flowers bloomed facing upward, unspotted in petals and deep purple (RHS, RP58A). The size of flower was 13.3 cm. Mean petal length and width was 7.7 cm and 2.7 cm, respectively. Leaves were 5.1 cm long and 0.5 cm wide, respectively. The weight and size of bulb were 9.6 g and 11.7 cm, respectively. Year-round flowering can be done by storing the bulb under $-1.5^{\circ}C$ conditions. For forced cultivation, it was necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. It was needed to control Botrytis disease in wet season.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.559-563
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• 2011

Cymbidium 'Purple Star' (Miake 'Pieta' ${\times}$ 'Allstar Mariane') was developed from a cross between hybrids at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2008. A cross was made between purple colored flower C. Miake 'Pieta' as maternal line and dark pink colored flower, C. 'Allstar Mariane' as paternal line in 1995. The seed germination, cultivation, selection, and characteristic trials were conducted from 1996 to 2002. The line was named as Wongyo 'F1-21' and phenotype was characterized in 2007 as a new cultivar. The 'Purple Star' has dark purple basal color (RHS, GP186A) on both of sepal and petal with red lip (RHS, RP59A). 'Purple Star' has about 10.7 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 7.6 cm. General appearance of petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming is started from the late of January (mid-winter) under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is erect and weak respectively. This hybrid has attractive floral arrangement, long flower stalk (78.4 cm) and vigorous growth. 'Purple Star' has a great potential for exporting to Chinese market.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.461-465
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• 2008

"Green King" is a new mini kiwifruit variety developed at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture (NISA), RDA in 2005, which was an edible fruit without peeling. This variety was selected from seeds obtained from the cross breeding between Actinidia chinensis cv. "Apple Sensation" and A. arguta in 1998. Seedling and line selections were conducted from 1999 to 2002, and characteristic trials were carried out from 2003 to 2004. The branch of "Green King" sprouts strongly and the color of leaf is slightly dark green. The shape of fruit is cylindric and the color of peel is green or yellowish green without hair. The average weight of fruit is 15.9 g. The core is small and soft, the pericarp is light green. Soluble solids concentration is $15.4^{\circ}Brix$. The fruit is sweet with slightly acid taste, containing total acid 1.3%, and the yield is higher over twice than that of A. arguta. The content of vitamin C is higher than that of A. arguta. The harvesting time is from middle October. This variety can be planted in the central and southern region of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2018

In the Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Judas, Greece, and Rome, Phoenix dactylifera was planted in gardens or orchards to signify life, blessing, and victory. Branches of Phoenix dactylifera, likened to high and precious, were referred to one of the gifts to the king in the second century BC and have been used in the Feast of Tabernacles. And they were engraved on the walls of the temple and along with cherub. Besides, Phoenix dactylifera is compared with a righteous person in the Bible since it grows straight despite strong winds. And, it was used as a symbol of honesty, justice, and right. Churches call the week before Easter Palm Sunday since the crowd laid the leaves of date palm trees on the road and shouted "Hosanna" while waving the date palm branches when Jesus entered Jerusalem. Moreover, pilgrim in the Middle Ages was called 'Palmer' in English due to custom of returning with the leaves and branches of date palm trees as a memorial of the Holy Land pilgrimage. This study analyzes naming issue of Phoenix dactylifera through the old literature and 27 versions of the most influential Bibles in History of Bible Translation in Korea, China, and Japan. Phoenix dactylifera is translated into Chinese as '棕櫚(Trachycarpus fortunei)', a native tree of China. 棕櫚 is similar to Phoenix dactylifera, but its fruit and leaf are quite distinct. This being so, translating Phoenix dactylifera as 棕櫚 has a limit to convey symbolic meaning adequately. In the Japanese Bible, on the other hand, Phoenix dactylifera is translated as 'なつめやし(Natsumeyashi)' meant date palm tree. Most of Protestant Bible in Korea use 'Jongryeo' like Chinese Bible while translation in Korean Catholic Bible(2005) varies from one scripture to another: 'Yaja Namu (Palm Tree)' - 38 times, 'Jongryeo Namu' - 5 times, and 'Daechu Yaja Namu (Date Palm Tree)' - 3 times. Date Palm Tree, 'Jongryeo Tree', and Palm Tree don't grow in Korea. However, they had long been recognized as Haejo(海棗), Jongryeo(?櫚), and Yaja(椰子) respectively through China and Japan. Each of them called by a distinct name correspond with its own characteristic and used separately in Korean Classics as Jongryeo and Haejo were identified in ancient Chinese literatures. It seems that more confusion was raised since 'Palm' was translated as 'Jongryeo' in several books including "?藤和英大辭典 (1915)", "Modern 朝鮮外來語辭典(1938)", and "Latin-Korean Dictionary(1995)". However, the Latin term 'Palmae' is translated into English as either palm tree or date palm. The results of this study suggest that more accurate translation of Phoenix dactylifera in the Bible would be 'Daechu Yaja Namu (Date Palm Tree)' and using different name fit for its own characteristic would be more appropriate.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine an alternative cultivating method that uses coir substrates in a hydroponically cultured system. Three treatment conditions were applied with one-layer substrate (10 cm height) with a coir chip and dust ratio of 5:5 (Treatment A), two-layer coir substrate (20 cm height) with a coir chip and dust ratio of 5:5 (Treatment B), one-layer coir substrate (15 cm height) with a coir chip and dust ratio of 7:3 (Treatment C). The control condition was a plastic container filled with a coir chip and dust ratio of 5:5. Various criteria were measured and compared between the treatments and the control. The yield of strawberry was smaller in the control than in the treatments. No significant difference in growth characteristic was found in the height treatments of the coir substrates. The net photosynthetic rate of the treatments was 14.68-15.76 µmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1. This does not show a statistically significant difference. The root activity was better in treatment B and C than in treatment A and the control. The length and width of leaves were measured as 4.04-4.13 cm and 3.26-3.34 cm. These results are not statistically significant. The leaf length and width ratio was 1.27 in the control and 1.24 in the treatments. The findings show that no statistically significant benefit was found when utilizing coir substrates with different height treatments in the hydroponic culture system. However, the harvested fruit per plant weights 72.38 g in treatment A and 48.69 g in treatment C. The number of harvested fruit was least in treatment C in which a coir chip and dust ratio of 7:3 was applied. Therefore, further research is needed to examine how the chip and dust ratio in coir substrate affects growth characteristics.