• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) extracted from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax ginseng CA. Meyer). This study measured the intake levels and efficiency ratio, growth rate, absorption ratio of carbohydrate, lipid and protein of rat by feeding with LSE during 6 weeks. We analyse the hematological and serum metabolic variables, serum lipid concentrations. Total diet and protein intake levels were low, but efficiency ratios were significantly high in LSE administered groups than the control group. Weight gain, liver and kidney weight of LSE groups were significantly higher than the control group. Blood RBC, Hct, Hb, total protein and albumin concentrations were reasonable levels in LSE administered groups compared to the basal diet group. Also serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents of LSE groups were low, but HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the basal diet group. These results imply that leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources, functional food material and feed stuff.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2004

The reduced ratio of red:far-red (R:FR) light acts as a measure of the proximity of competitors and plants can detect the potentially competing neighbor plants by perceiving reflected R:FR signals and initiate the response of “shade avoidance” before actual shading occurs. The phytochrome system is responsible for monitoring the changes in the R:FR and initiating the shade avoidance response. The response to low R:FR ratio was studied in a white aspen Populus alba clone ‘Bolleana’ using two filter systems: a clear plastic filter system that allows a R:FR ratio less than 1.0 to pass from adjacent border plant reflection; and a special commercial plastic that blocks FR light and creates a R:FR ratio above 3.0. The reduced R:FR signals enhanced the stem elongation in response to competition at the expense of relative stem diameter growth. Trees grown inside clear chambers were 27 ％ taller than trees grown inside the FR-blocking filter chambers. Stem taper of clear chamber trees was 16％ less than the FR-blocking filter trees. Low R:FR also induced 22％ more stem dry weight and 13％ greater petiole length per leaf compared to the FR-blocking filter trees. There were no statistically significant differences in leaf area, leaf number increment, and total dry weight between the two light filter treatments.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.246-255
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the resource allocation among the organs and the leaf morphology of Polygonatum humile. The data were collected from June 2014 to May 2015 in a natural P. humile stand of a temperate forest gap. Results: The dry weight of new rhizome ($R_0$) sharply decreased to the time of new shoot sprouting in next year and was constant for 2 ~ 3 years. However, dry weight of root on $R_0$ increased to the end of growth season and, thereafter, decreased slowly along the time elapsed. The correlation coefficients between the rhizome and the leaf sizes were 0.5 for the last year's rhizome ($R_1$) and 0.6 for $R_0$ and were significant at 0.1% level for $R_0$. The increase of one leaf a plant led to increase of the total leaf area, total leaf weight, and stem length. Moreover, the organ sizes' differences between two plants of the one leaf difference were almost significant at 1% level. In 11-leaf plant, the leaf length/width ratio and specific lea area increased to the second, relative leaf area to the fourth and relative leaf dry weight to the fifth, and thereafter, decreased to the last leaf. The differences in the values of these four parameters between two leaves on a stem were almost significant at 5% level. Conclusion: P. humile examined showed the close relationships between the last year's rhizome or this year's one and the shoot system (leaf and stem) sizes. The leaf number a shoot greatly influenced specific leaf area. P. humile's leaf might showed diverse morphology with leaf rank on a stem in a forest gap environment.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine feasibility of production system of Perilla frutescens leaf-stem by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots. Germination rate of Perilla frutescens seeds collected in 2002 was $7\%$, also germination rate of seeds collected in 2003 was $62\%$, while germination rate of seeds collected in 2004 was above $93\%$. Seed germination rate of Perilla frutescens collected in 2004 were higher than seed gathering in 2002. Especially, plant growth and yield of Perilla frutescens grown in pot(The pots was filled with soil mixtures of Sta-Green and Peat Moss mixed with 40:60 ratio.) was the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Perilla frutescens can be improved by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2002

Studies on the interrelationship between biological yield and harvest index, and their association with shoot rearing were carried out in 9 promising mulberry genotypes, which indicated significant variations among genotypes. Biological yield had close association with leaf yield components indicating that they are inter-related for higher productivity in mulberry, Biological yield revealed highly significant positive correlation with important leaf yield components. However height of the longest branch showed negative correlation with biological yield. Genotypes with higher biological yield associated with low ratio of stem weight to leaf weight and high Harvest index on dry weight basis are to be selected for shoot rearing. Biological yield recorded on fresh weight basis had less impact on the present study in comparison to dry weight basis.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth response of 3 grasses to seed coating with chitosan solution and the attempt was made to estimate adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution in each grass for the growth to be stimulated. Three species used in this experiment were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution were applied as 0%(control), 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. the results were obtained as follows; 1. Dry weight of tiller(WT), leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and C/F ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of tiller(WT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and T/R ration were significantly different between seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution. 3. The adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution for the growth stimulating effect were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 1% in orchardgrass and tall fescue, and 0.05% in reed canarygrass, respectively. 4. Growth stimulating effect of seed coating in each species were different. The highest values were obtained in leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW) and dry weight of biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. The values of dry weight of stem(SW) and C/F ration were highest in reed canarygrass. 5. An increase in number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). Among the aboved increasing factors, the dry weight of leaf(LW) was a main factor for the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). 6. An increase in dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in biological yield(BY). Both the dry weight of leaf(LW) and dry weight of root(RW) were main factors for the increase in biological yield(BY).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2000

Excessive soil water in paddy field induces growth losses during the vegetative stages of soybean plants. Our objectives were to know growth responses of soybean as affected by the level of ridge heights. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul in 1996. Ten cultivars of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were planted at the ridge heights of 10, 30, and 50cm in paddy soil on 27 June. Total dry matter accumulation at the 10cm ridge height was severely decreased until the growth stage of R5 as compared to the ridge heights of 30 and 50cm, and this decrement was mainly due to both reduced leaf and stem dry weights. However, seed dry weight was not significantly decreased at the lower ridge height with the increment of harvest index. Cultivar differences were found on seed dry weight, crop growth rate from R1 to R5, and leaf/stem ratio of R5. From the above results, soybean growth responses to excessive soil water in paddy field were different between seed filling stage and late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제16권1_2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1973

Six young trees of Alnus tinctoria grown in isolation, each having different growing stage, were selected and the surface area of their roots, stems and leaves was determined. Each of the roots of more than 0.2mm in diameter and stems was cut at intervals of 10cm and their surface area was calculated with 2$\pi$rl from the average diameter (2r) of both sections (upper and lower) by making cylindrical estimation of the cut pieces. The leaf area measured was only one side area, and the volume of cut piece and amount of dry matter of each organ were also measured. The percentage to the surface area of the whole plant body by each organ was 4-12% in root, 7-9% in stem and 69-89% in leaf, respectively. There was relatively a little individual difference. However, the surface area ratios of root and stem showed a slightly increasing tendency while that of leaf decreasing according to the growing stage. The ratio of sum leaf area index (LAIi) was 2.3-4.0$m^2$/$m^2$-and that of the surface area index(SaIi) was 0.16-0.33$m^2$/$m^2$, respectively. It has been known that the stem surface area(SAI) to the leaf area index(LAI) is within the range of 31-53%, but the SAIi is within the range of 8-11% of the LAIi.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 1993

콩의 생식생장기인 착협시(R3)에 상부 40%와 하부 60%로 구분하여 엽제거와 협제거 처리에 의한 엽수와 엽건물중, 종실부와 종실건물중, 그리고 협과 경건물중에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1992년 고려대학교 자연자원대학 적소실험농장에 황금콩을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽하협제거처리로 식물체 하부의 엽수와 엽건물중이 증가되었다. 2. 종실부와 종실건물중은 상엽하협제거로 감소되었다. 3. 상엽하협제거는 하부의 경건물중을 증가시켰으나 상부의 협건물종은 감소시켰다. 4. 상엽하협제거에서 엽/종실 비율은 3.53로 가장 높았고 수수지수는 27%로 가장 낮았다. 5. 하엽상협제거는 상엽하협제거보다 동화\ulcorner질의 전류량이 많았다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1999

Dry weights of leaves, stem and floral organs of 15-year-old Tilia amurensis RUPR., were measured twice on 1 June and 20 August 1995 to examine the difference in biomass production between the reproductive and vegetative twigs which are morphologically neighboring and alternative. The following results were obtained : (1) The biomass of the reproductive twigs was greater than that of the vegetative twigs in both June and August. (2) The ratio of stem to total biomass in the reproductive and the vegetative twigs was greater in August than that in June, while the ratio of leaf biomass was greater in June than that in August. The ratio of floral organ to the total biomass in the reproductive twigs was 14.6% and 27.1% in June and August, respectively. (3) The total twig biomass per leaf biomass was greater in the reproductive twigs than that in the vegetative twigs in both June and August. (4) Net assimilation rate in the floral organs showed 21% of that in the leaves in June and 37% in August.