• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

Effects of lead(Pb) and calcium(Ca) on growth responses, accumulation of heavy metals and nitrogen fixation activities of Melilotus suaveolens seedlings were quantitatively analyzed during growing period. Pb contents of the root treated with 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca were 54.1, 90.9 and 26.1 folds higher than that of the control, respectively, at pH 4.2 in 28th days, and heavy metal content of plant increased with increasing of pH and Pb concentration. The melilot plant was classified as a Pb accumulator by higher accumulation of Pb in shoot than that of root. Pb treatments resulted in inhibiton of height and chlorophyll contet, and Ca treatment increased height and chlorophyll content insignificantly at pH 4.2 in 28 days. The plant biomass reduced 49, 60 and 54% at pH 4.2 and 47,53 and 50% at pH 6.5, respectively, by 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca treatment. Specific nitrogen fixation of nodules reduced 68.4% and 46.6% by 100 ppm Pb treatment and 3.7% and 24.9% by 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca at pH 4.2 and pH 6.5, respectively, so Ca inhibited significantly Pb activity and toxicity in acdic pH. Nodule formation were reduced to 33, 33 and 50% at pH 4.2 and 50, 33 and 38% at pH 6.5 by 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca, respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1983

An experimental study was carried out to determine the degree of contamination of cyanide and metals in each stork's (Ciconia c. boyciana) organ. The samples used for this experiment were gullet, respiratory tract, stomach content, rectum, lung, liver, heart, pancreas, gall, kidney, and muscles. Those samples were isolated by Conway microdiffusion method and determined by UV spectrophotometry for the cyanide, on the other hand, the samples for metals were dissolved by mercury digestion apparatus and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results are as follows: 1) The quantities of cyanide accumulated in each organ were from 0.05 to 2.57 ppm and concentration of those in tissues was in order of 2.57 ppm in stomach content, 2.13 ppm in lung, 1.58 ppm in kidney, 1.22 ppm in gall, 0.52 ppm in pancreas, 0.32 ppm in heart, 0.25 ppm in rectum, 0.20 ppm in gullet, 0.19 ppm in liver, 0.07 ppm in muscles and 0.05 ppm in respiratory tract. 2) The calcium content is in a range of 10.89-105.74 ppm, iron is 2.47-557.70 ppm, zinc is 2.37-23.62 ppm, cupper is < 0.1- 1.76 ppm and cadmium, nickel, cobalt and lead is beyond 0.5 ppm, respectively.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2006

Silajit is a blackish brown pitch-like gummy substance. It is an important Unani and Ayurvedic medicine widely used in the treatment of many diseases and as nutritional supplement It is found in certain mountainous regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Australia and Russia. Silajit samples of Pakistani origin were obtained from different sources and analyzed for their physical characteristics and biochemical & elemental composition. X-ray diffraction studies on Silajit showed that it is an amorphous substance and has no crystalline structure. Also, pH studies of Silajit (2 g/L of water) indicated that it was slightly acidic in nature and ranged from 3.45 to 7.23. Conductivity ranged from 157.7 to 330. Amino acid analysis revealed that Silajit contained lysine and alanine in higher amounts than all other amino acids and ranged from 1456 to 2240 and 68 to $1615{\eta}mole/g$, respectively. Mean concentration of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc was 73.15, 104.92, 0.496, 3.89, 4.04 and 17.23 ppm, respectively. Silajit samples were also analyzed for calcium, potassium and sodium.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1991

The effects of environmental agents on health are great concern for all. It was recognized that each human has differential susceptibility to environmental effects. Susceptibility are changed by many factors includin gdevelopmpntal processes, genetic factors, nutritional stratus, preexisting disease conditions, life style and personal habits. Of all factors nutritional factors seem to be the area most modifiable. Consequently, It is an area that must be more thoroughly evaluated. In this paper, nutrient and environment interactions are reviewed briefly with published literatures. This paper deals with the influence of micronutrients(energy, protein and fat), Vitamins (vitamin 4, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin I) and Minerals(calcium, iron, selenium, zinc and other minerls) on environmental effects. The role of arch nutrient was assessed in modifyine the expression of environmental pollutant toxicity with available litertures. In each nutrient section, the effect of environment was considered in following agents : heavy metals(lead, cadmium, mercury, silver and etc), inorganic agents(nitwits, sulfite, fluoride and etc), organic agents(benzene, carbon tatra-chloride, aflatoxin, auto dye, dialbrin etc), Irritant gas(ozone, carbon monooxide and etc), physical agents(X-irradiation, ultra violet, temperature and noise) and insectcides. The extent to which nutritional status modifies environmental effects 3nd its converse, how envirollments affects nutritional status is very complex. In deed, at the present time there are more than 50 chelnical/phycical agents that affect the nutrient metabolism and/or have their toxicity either directly diminished or enhanced by nutrients of those agents, small number of agents for each nutrients have sufficient evidence to warrant any reasonable degree of confidence in their hypothesized associtation. With these information at this present time it is hard to conclude that the recommended dietary allowance for each nutrient should be reconsidered.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.407-410
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• 2010

Bovine abdominal fat necrosis (lipomatosis) is relatively common disorder in adult Korean indigenous cattle. Thirteen Korean indigenous cattle with bovine lipomatosis and five clinically healthy cattle were selected and serum biochemical profiles were analyzed. Serum free fatty acids level was significantly high, while total cholesterol, serum albumin and total calcium levels were significantly low in bovine lipomatosis group. In a case of necropsy, saponificated adipose masses surrounding colon was observed and hepatic fatty degeneration and fat deposition in the renal tubules were found in a histopathologic examination. These findings indicate that affected cattle have a predisposition to deposit more fat into adipose tissue than normal cattle. Such abnormalities might lead to the development of abdominal fat necrosis with fibroplasia and possibly compress the intestines and urinary organs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.425-427
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• 2005

The steam distillate obtained from Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai sawdust was fractionated by centrifugal thin-film evaporation, and the fractions were then investigated for antiplatelet activity using washed rabbit platelets. The biologically active constituent of T. dolabrata var. hondai sawdust was isolated by silica gel column and HPLC chromatographies and characterized as carvacrol by various spectral analyses. Carvacrol inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, and platelet activating factor with IC$_{50}$ values of 12.6, 2.5, and 385.3 $\mu$M, respectively. However, carvacrol had no effect on thrombin, calcium ionophore A23l87, or phorbol l2-myristate l3-acetate induced platelet aggregation. Carvacrol was a much more potent inhibitor, as antiplatelet agents, compared with aspirin. These results suggest that carvacrol isolated from T. dolabrata var. hondai sawdust may be useful as a lead compound for inhibiting arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

This study evaluated the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating lettuce. Struvite deposit was compared to complex fertilizer, organic fertilizer and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test showed that the struvite deposit better enhanced lettuce growth in comparison to commercial fertilizers. It was revealed that the growth rate of lettuce was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). Moreover, nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, struvite application led to the lower accumulation of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) and nickel (Ni). In addition, no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the lettuce tissue was observed in struvite application pots. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for lettuce cultivation was 0.5 g struvite/kg soil. The column experiments clearly showed that ammonia nitrogen was more slowly released from struvite deposit than from complex fertilizer. Consequently, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for lettuce cultivation.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.7-9
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prepare a systematic implementation of safety management for adult's foods through recommendations and guidelines for nutrition and hygiene standards for food quality certification system preferred by adults. To achieve this goal, the study studied the current status of adult preferred foods sold near the university, elicited the risks and problems of such foods, and selected nutritional and hygiene risk factors from those foods. To provide quality certification standards and guidelines for adult food preferences, this study looked at practical examples of relevant domestic and international policies and standards. The nutritional standards for food quality certification for sugars, fats, sodium, additive microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria, which are nutrients that can impair health when consumed in large quantities, and dietary standards limited to less than 100 kcal per serving were studied. One excessive amount of caffeine is reported to cause loss of calcium and potassium in the body, suggesting that if an adult is continuously exposed to high concentrations of caffeine, it could lead to imbalance in the resolution in the body and be flavored by growth and foot moon. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an individual banner based on feasible food types, which is coordinated with the nutritional aspects that fit the purpose of presenting right amount, safe food through the quality certification system for adult's favorite foods and practical aspects that can induce companies' response and voluntary impacting efforts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2007

A new PVC membrane potentiometric sensor that is highly selective to Hg2+ ions was prepared, using bis(2-hydroxybenzophenone) butane-2,3-dihydrazone (HBBD) as an excellent hexadendates neutral carrier. The sensor works satisfactorily in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1 mol L-1 (detection limit 4 × 10-7 mol L-1) with a Nernstian slope of 29.7 mV per decade. This electrode showed a fast response time (~8 s) and was used for at least 12 weeks without any divergence. The sensor exhibits good Hg2+ selectivity for a broad range of common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, lead and lanthanum). The electrode response is pH independent in the range of 1.5-4.0. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of mercury ions with potassium iodide and the direct determination of mercury in some binary and ternary mixtures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2018

With the development of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, it has been possible to reconstruct the cranio-maxillofacial defect with more accurate preoperative planning, precise patient-specific implants (PSIs), and shorter operation times. The manufacturing processes include subtractive manufacturing and additive manufacturing and should be selected in consideration of the material type, available technology, post-processing, accuracy, lead time, properties, and surface quality. Materials such as titanium, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), hydroxyapatite (HA), poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA), polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA), and calcium phosphate are used. Design methods for the reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial defects include the use of a pre-operative model printed with pre-operative data, printing a cutting guide or template after virtual surgery, a model after virtual surgery printed with reconstructed data using a mirror image, and manufacturing PSIs by directly obtaining PSI data after reconstruction using a mirror image. By selecting the appropriate design method, manufacturing process, and implant material according to the case, it is possible to obtain a more accurate surgical procedure, reduced operation time, the prevention of various complications that can occur using the traditional method, and predictive results compared to the traditional method.