• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lead extraction

Search Result 258, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

An Algorithm for Sequential Sampling Method in Data Mining (데이터 마이닝에서 샘플링 기법을 이용한 연속패턴 알고리듬)

  • 홍지명;김낙현;김성집
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
    • /
    • v.21 no.45
    • /
    • pp.101-112
    • /
    • 1998
  • Data mining, which is also referred to as knowledge discovery in database, means a process of nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information (such as knowledge rules, constraints, regularities) from data in databases. The discovered knowledge can be applied to information management, decision making, and many other applications. In this paper, a new data mining problem, discovering sequential patterns, is proposed which is to find all sequential patterns using sampling method. Recognizing that the quantity of database is growing exponentially and transaction database is frequently updated, sampling method is a fast algorithm reducing time and cost while extracting the trend of customer behavior. This method analyzes the fraction of database but can in general lead to results of a very high degree of accuracy. The relaxation factor, as well as the sample size, can be properly adjusted so as to improve the result accuracy while minimizing the corresponding execution time. The superiority of the proposed algorithm will be shown through analyzing accuracy and efficiency by comparing with Apriori All algorithm.

  • PDF

Life-threating outcomes after dental implantation in patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report and review of literature

  • Lee, Sung-Tak;Kim, Jin-Wook;Kwon, Tae-Geon
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
    • /
    • v.40
    • /
    • pp.39.1-39.7
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: Patients with chronic ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenia) frequently do not require comprehensive medication for daily life. Usually, it had been regarded that postoperative bleeding after a simple or surgical extraction is easily controlled by simple local measures even in patients with ITP. This lack of regular medication usage can sometimes lead practitioners or patients to underestimate the potential life-threatening risk of ITP. There had been no report on postoperative hemorrhage in a patient with ITP related to dental implant surgery. Case presentation: This report presented a life-threatening postoperative hemorrhage after dental implant surgery in an adult with chronic ITP and subsequent emergency management after severe bleeding and airway compromise. Conclusion: The presented case emphasizes the thorough hematological evaluation of the patients even for patients who do not take any specific medications for asymptomatic, chronic ITP.

Complications caused by nitrous oxide in dental sedation

  • Chi, Seong In
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
    • /
    • v.18 no.2
    • /
    • pp.71-78
    • /
    • 2018
  • The first clinical application of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) was in 1844, by an American dentist named Horace Wells who used it to control pain during tooth extraction. Since then, $N_2O$ has shared a 170-year history with modern dental anesthesia. $N_2O$, an odorless and colorless gas, is very appealing as a sedative owing to its anxiolytic, analgesic, and amnestic properties, rapid onset and recovery, and, in particular, needle-free application. Numerous studies have reported that $N_2O$ can be used safely and effectively as a procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) agent. However, $N_2O$ can lead to the irreversible inactivation of vitamin B12, which is essential for humans; although rare, this can be fatal in some patients.

Automatic Linkage Method Between Email and Block Structure to Store Construction Project Documents in The Blockchain

  • Kim, Eu Wang;Park, Min Seo;Kim, Jong Inn;Wei, Ameng;Kim, Kyoungmin;Kim, Kyong Ju
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
    • /
    • 2022.06a
    • /
    • pp.886-892
    • /
    • 2022
  • In construction projects, it is common to exchange documents using email because of convenience. In this study, a method extracting and organizing block information automatically based on email was developed. This method is composed of document exchange and archiving processes, which are difficult to manage and vulnerable to loss. Therefore, this study aims to develop a solution that can automatically link email and block information. The block data components are designed to derive from email exchange and user-additional input information. Also, automatically generating blocks process including extraction and conversion of information was proposed. This solution can lead to promote the convenience of project document management in terms of identifying the document flow and preventing loss of information.

  • PDF

Comparison of Standard and Lend Limit Test of Various Institutes on Lead Limit of Synthetic and Natural Food Additives (합성 및 천연 식품첨가물의 납함량에 대한 여러 기관의 규격기준 및 납시험법 비교)

  • Shin Dong-Hwa;Kim Yong-Suk;Jeong Do-Yeong;Lee Young-Hwan;Bang Jeong-Ho;Om Ae-Son;Shin Jae-Wook;Lee Tal-Soo;Jang Young-Mi;Hong Ki-Hyoung;Park Sung-Kwan;Park Sung-Kug;Kwon Yong-Kwan
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.21 no.2
    • /
    • pp.82-91
    • /
    • 2006
  • Standard and lead limit test in general test method of Korea, Japan, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA), USA, and EU on synthetic and natural food additives were compared. There were found that the general test methods in 'Korea Food Additives Code' were different from standards of various institutes on lead limit test. For the lead limit test of food additives, Korea used dithizone method, Japan used atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and USA used dithizone method, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method, atomic absorption spectrophotometric graphite furnace method, and APDC extraction method. In addition, JECFA and EU used dithizone method and atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The dithizone methods of Korea, USA, and JECFA were nearly identical. In the case of USA, JECFA, and EU, the analytical methods for lead limit test were shown in individual monograph. Lead limit test against 13 synthetic, such as magnesium stearate and L-cystine, and 12 natural, such as gua gum and diatomaceous earth, food additives distributed in Korea were performed by the analytical method of each institute. Although all institutes use various methods for analysis of lead, contents of lead in food additives tested fell into the standard of each institute.

ERUPTION GUIDANCE OF IMPACTED SECOND PREMOLAR TOOTH BY EXTRACTION OF PROLONGED RETAINED SECOND PRIMARY MOLAR. (만기 잔존된 제 2 유구치 발거에 의한 제 2 소구치의 자발적 맹출 유도)

  • Lee, Keun-Hye;Nam, Dong-Woo;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Young-Jin;Nam, Soon-Hyeun
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.495-501
    • /
    • 2003
  • Impaction is defined as the cessation of the eruption of the tooth caused by a clinically or radiographically detectable physical barrier in the eruption path or by the ectopic position of tooth germ. Besides the third molars and the maxillary canines, the most common impacted tooth is the second premolar. The overall frequency of premolar impaction has been reported to be 0.5%. In some cases, orthodontic traction and surgical repositioning may be indicated. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, extraction of primary molar and space maintenance lead to eruption of second premolar. In these cases, all patients visited to department of pediatric dentistry of Kyungpook National University Hospital for the chief complaint of unerupted second premolar. Extraction of prolonged retained second primary molar and space management are tried for spontaneous eruption of impacted second premolar tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, minimal treatment via elimination of primary molar leads to successful results. 2. Proper space management and periodic radiographic examination are required before eruption of second premolar. 3. Sufficient time must be allowed for confirm of tooth movement before orthodontic traction or surgical repositioning. 4. The result is more successful in incomplete root development.

  • PDF

Extraction of Minerals and Elimination Effect of Heavy Metals in Water by Korean Quartz Porphyry (한국산 맥반석의 미네랄 용출 및 중금속제거 효과)

  • Hwang, Jinbong;Yang, Miok;Kim, Mina;Park, Sunghoon
    • Analytical Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.3
    • /
    • pp.310-319
    • /
    • 1996
  • According to the element analysis of Korean Quartz Porphyry, the ignition loss related to porosity was 7.03, 3.36, 2.09 and 0.73% in the order of Suanbo, Yeachen, Angang and Kyongsan. Extraction of minerals in deionized water and elimination effect of heavy metals in water by Quartz Porphyry were examined. When the Quartz Porphyry of the Suanbo, Yeachen of 0.5~2.0% concentration and the Quartz Porphyry of the Angang of 1.5% concentration were immersed and stirred in deionized water for 3 hours at 180rpm, various minerals concentration of the all stirred water were suitable for potable water. But Quartz Porphyry of the Yeachen was not suitable for potable water because of excess extraction of iron. The elimination rate of lead in single solution was 99% by Quartz Porphyry of the Suanbo, Yeachen and Angang of 3% concentration, Cadmium by Quartz Porphyry of the Suanbo of 7% concentration was eliminated about 98% in 1 hour. The copper was significantly eliminated in Quartz Porphyry of low concentration. Especially in Quartz Porphyry of Angang at 0.4% concentration, the rate of ion exchange was 99% in 4 hours. But elimination effect of arsenic in water by Korean Quartz Porphyry was very low.

  • PDF

Separation of Valuable Metal from Waste Photovoltaic Ribbon through Extraction and Precipitation

  • Chen, Wei-Sheng;Chen, Yen-Jung;Yueh, Kai-Chieh
    • Resources Recycling
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.69-77
    • /
    • 2020
  • With rapid increasing production and installation, recycling of photovoltaic modules has become the main issue. According to the research, the accumulation of waste modules will reach to 8600 tons in 2030. Moreover, Crystalline-silicon (c-Si) Photovoltaic modules account for more than 90% of the waste. C-Si PV modules contain 1.3% of weight of photovoltaic ribbon inside which contains the most of lead, tin and copper in the PV modules, which would cause environmental and humility problem. This study provided a valuable metal separation process for PV ribbons. Ribbons content 82.1% of Cu, 8.9% of Sn, 5.2% of Pb, and 3.1% of Ag. All of them were leached by 3M of hydrochloric acid in the optimal condition. Ag was halogenated to AgCl and precipitated. Cu ion was extracted and separated from Pb and Sn by Lix984N then stripped by 3M H2SO4. The effect of the optimal parameters of extraction was also studied in this essay. The maximum extraction efficiency of Cu ion was 99.64%. The separation condition of Pb and Sn were obtained by adjusting the pH value to 4 thought ammonia to precipitate and separate Pb and Sn. The recovery of Pb and Sn can reach 99%.

Heavy Metals in Soils of the Urban Area (도시 토사중 중금속 함량)

  • 손동헌;정원태;박종필;김덕희;정성윤
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
    • /
    • v.8 no.4
    • /
    • pp.221-228
    • /
    • 1992
  • In order to evaluate the degree of air pollution, soils from 125 and 60points of main streets of Seoul and Daejeon, respectively, were sampled and analyzed for the contents of lead, copper, iron and zinc by nitric acid($HNO_3$) extraction followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry during June and September, 1990. The Pb contents of Seoul and Daejeon were 350.2$\mu$g/g and 175.9$\mu$g/g, respectively, which were 14.5times and 7.3times respectively higher than the control(24.0). In Seoul, the commercial area gave the highest value followed by resdential and industrial areas in the decreasing order, while the order in Daejeon was Industrial, commercial and residential areas. The Cu contents in Seoul and Daejeon were very similar(236.6 and 234.6, respectively) each other, and about 11times higher than the control(20.9). The concentration was highest in industrial, followed by commercial and the lowest in residential areas in Seoul, while the order in Daejeon was industrial, residential and commercial areas. The Fe contents were 25716.5 in Seoul and 22838.6 in Daejeon, both being similar to the control value(22537.0). The value was highest in industrial and next in commercial areas and the lowest in residential area both in Seoul and Daejeon. The Zn contents in Seoul and Daejeon were 728.2 and 404.0, respectively, wihch were 6.3 and 3.6times higher than the control(113.3). The value was highest in commercial and next in industrial areas and the lowest in residental area in Seoul, while the order was industrial, residential and commercial areas in Daejeon. The heavy metal content was higher in the soil of main streets than that of minor streets in Seoul. The content of lead in Seoul was higher in the streets of Chongro-ku(525.9) and Chung-ku(684.8), the central area of the city which had a heavy traffic, than those in Nowon-ku(320.3) and Kwanak-ku(312.6) which had relatively less traffic crowd. The similar pattern was observed in the content of zinc; it was higher in Chongro-ku(1305.0) and Chung-ku(1335.4) than in Nowon-ku(489.1) and Kwanak-ku(569.8). In Daejeon, the contents of lead and zinc were decreasing as the distance from Daejeon Railroad Station increased : they were respectively 157.8 and 447.7 within 2km from the station, 157.6 and 235.7 with in 2-4km, and 63.5 and 156.2 within 4-6km and 58.7 and 142.2 within 6-8km. In summary, the contents of lead, copper and zinc were generally higher in the central area of the city, areas of heavy traffic and areas of industry and commerce.

  • PDF

Heavy Metal Contents in Upland Soils and Crops of Korea (우리나라 밭 토양 및 작물의 중금속함량)

  • Jung, Goo-Bok;Kim, Ho-Chung;Jung, Ki-Yeol;Jung, Beung-Kan;Kim, Won-Il
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.225-232
    • /
    • 1998
  • In order to monitor the degree of heavy metal distribution in upland cultivations in Korea, both the cultivated soils and crops were collected from the 854 and 140 sites, respectively. The contents of cadmium (Cd), copper(Cu), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) in each sample were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) technique after 1N-HCl extraction. The content of Arsenic(As) was also measured with the same technique after 1N-HCl extraction. The average contents of heavy metal in surface soils(0~15 cm depth) were $0.135mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd, $2.77mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $3.47mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, $10.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, and $0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$ for As. Heavy metal contents of soil were similar to those values measured for upland soils in 1989, lower than soils under plastic film house in 1996. However, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values for soil contamination"(Cd: 4, Cu: 125, Pb: 300, and As: $15mg\;kg^{-1}$ in soil) describled in Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea(1996). The contents of heavy metal in fresh vegetable, and root and tuber crops ranged $0.005{\sim}0.019mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd, $0.20{\sim}1.03mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $0.042{\sim}0.104mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, and $2.0{\sim}4.0mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively.

  • PDF