• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.57-78
• /
• 2011

Paraphrasing is the act of writing a text using other words without altering the meaning. Paraphrases can be used in many fields of natural language processing. In particular, paraphrases can be incorporated in machine translation in order to improve the coverage and the quality of translation. Recently, the approaches on paraphrase extraction utilize bilingual parallel corpora, which consist of aligned sentence pairs. In these approaches, paraphrases are identified, from the word alignment result, by pivot phrases which are the phrases in one language to which two or more phrases are connected in the other language. However, the word alignment is itself a very difficult task, so there can be many alignment errors. Moreover, the alignment errors can lead to the problem of selecting incorrect pivot phrases. In this study, we propose a method in paraphrase extraction that discriminates good pivot phrases from bad pivot phrases. Each pivot phrase is weighted according to its reliability, which is scored by considering the lexical and part-of-speech information. The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves higher precision and recall of the paraphrase extraction than the baseline. Also, we show that the extracted paraphrases can increase the coverage of the Korean-English machine translation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 1995

Extracting efficiencies of seven extracting solutions currently employed in extracting heavy metals from soils were compared and the functional relationships among them were calculated by regression analysis for Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb. Extracting solutions employed were 0.1M HCl, 0.1M $HNO_3$, 0.05M EDTA, 0.001M DTPA(pH 7.3), 1M $NH_4OAc$ (pH 7.0), 0.1M $NH_4Ox$, and 4M $HNO_3$ respectively. Soil samples were collected from rice paddy fields near old zinc mining sites and from rice paddy fields near agro-industry complexes. Soils sampled from old zinc mining sites were also extracted using a sequential extraction method. Extraction by 4M $HNO_3$ and sequential extraction were performed on the samples collected both in 1979 and in 1991 to investigate the change in content and in chemical form of heavy metals. Functional relationships among the extracting solutions were highly correlated for Cd and Zn, whereas those for Cu and Pb were not. The predominant chemical form of Cd. Zn, Cu, and Pb in soils from old zinc mining sites was found to be of sulfide/residue form. The exchangeable form of Cd, the organically bound form of Cu, and the carbonate form of Pb were relatively high, while the sulfide/residue form of Zn was very high(> 79%). Although transformation among the extracted forms was not clear during those 12 years, a decrease in total content of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb was clearly observed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.30 no.7 s.250
• /
• pp.638-645
• /
• 2006

Recently, we reported that significant ion loss occurred prior to its detection in the conventional single particles mass spectrometry and more seriously the loss is ion-kinetic-energy-dependent. These lead to significant error in the measured chemical composition of nanoparticles. Here we attempted to design a novel ion optics that is capable of 100% detection of ions generated from single nanoparticle. Using a commercial software SIMION, we simulated the trajectories of ions launched at different speeds inside the previous single particle mass spectrometer We tested how affect changes in shape of repelling plate, adding Einzel lens, substitution of tube electrode between extraction and acceleration grids. As a results, we could find a best design by assembling the trials in the present condition.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2017

Patent classification is becoming more critical as patent filings have been increasing over the years. Despite comprehensive studies in the area, there remain several issues in classifying patents on IPC hierarchical levels. Not only structural complexity but also shortage of patents in the lower level of the hierarchy causes the decline in classification performance. Therefore, we propose a new method of classification based on different criteria that are categories defined by the domain's experts mentioned in trend analysis reports, i.e. Patent Landscape Report (PLR). Several experiments were conducted with the purpose of identifying type of features and weighting methods that lead to the best classification performance using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Two types of features (noun and noun phrases) and five different weighting schemes (TF-idf, TF-rf, TF-icf, TF-icf-based, and TF-idcef-based) were experimented on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 1998

The efficiency of removing cadmium, copper, and lead from a contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine was studied in a laboratory investigation where citric acid were used to extract the metal from the soil. The contamination level of Pb, Cu in the soil A were 875.5, 667.5mg/kg respectively. The mobility and bioavailability of the metals in soil were also estimated by Sequential Chemical Extractions. Citric acid were examined for its potential extractive capabilities. Concentrations of the acid examined in this study ranged from 0.025 to 0.15M. The pH of the suspensions and S/S ratio in which the extractions were performed ranged from 2.4 to 8.1, and from 2.1:1 to 20:1. Results showed that the removal of contaminant using citric acid was pH and S/S raton dependent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.31A no.10
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 1994

By using the RAPHAEL 3D inductance calculation program RI3, the PGA package inductance values of INTEL i486 microprocessor have been extracted. The lead frame layouts are drawn using the mentor Boardstation and the output files are converted into the RI3 program input format of RAPHAEL. The power and ground planes of the PGA package are modeled y grid-line structures of single bars. The capacitance valuse of signal lines have been clalculated by using the RAPHAEL 2D/3D capacitance extraction program. The extraced L, C, R values have been converted into the SPICE netlist formats with lumped circuit model for future use in the signal ingegrity analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2004.09a
• /
• pp.248-251
• /
• 2004

일반적으로 유기오염 물질의 경우 sequestration 또는 aging 현상에 의해 탈착저항성을 띠게 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 중금속의 경우 흡/탈착반응은 탈착저항성이 없는 가역적 반응이라는 보고가 있는 반면 홉/탈착 반응은 비가역적이며 탈착저항성이 존재한다는 보고도 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양 연안 퇴적물에 대한 납의 흡/탈착 실험을 통하여 탈착 저항성을 화인하고 연속추출 실험을 수행함으로써 탈착 저항성 부분의 크기를 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고 각기 다른 pH(4, 6)에서 흡착 실험을 수행함으로써 pH에 따른 흡착친화도를 규명하였다. 그 결과 퇴적물에 대한 납의 흡착량은 높은 pH(6)에서 더 많았고, 각 pH 범위에서 납은 탈착저항성을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 연속추출결과 Organic Material bound부분에 66% 정도가 흡착되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2004.09a
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 인산염을 이용여 납으로 오염된 Clay 사격장과 인위적으로 오염시킨 자연토양의 중금속의 고정화 실험을 수행하였다. 인산염 고정화제로는 DAP (diammonium phosphate)를 사용하였다. DAP를 투입한 중금속 오염토양을 고정화 실험과 TCLP로 용출 하였을 때, 99% 정도 고정화되었다. 인산염 투여양이 증가할수록 고정화 효율은 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 최적 인투입량은 128 mmol as P/kg인 것으로 나타났다. DAP 투입양이 증가할수록 토양의 pH는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양의 초기 pH 변화에 따라 고정화 효율은 크게 변하지 않은 것으로 나타났으나, pH가 높을수록 고정화 효율은 작은폭으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.58 no.7
• /
• pp.398-403
• /
• 2020

Odontogenic anomalies can occur as a result of conjoining defects. These include fusion, gemination and concrescence. The presence of fused teeth can lead to various clinical problems, including the aplasia of permanent successor, the supernumerary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. In general, the supernumerary teeth associated with fusion is mainly found in the maxillary anterior region. This report describes rare cases of supernumerary tooth associated with fused teeth of mandibular primary lateral incisor and canine. In the first case, fused teeth was extracted. The supernumerary teeth was erupted at canine space. The second case is still being observed. Extraction of fused teeth and observation of supernumerary teeth is planned.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.968-978
• /
• 2014

Autonomous vehicle technology based on information technology and software will lead the automotive industry in the near future. Vehicle localization technology is a core expertise geared toward developing autonomous vehicles and will provide location information for control and decision. This paper proposes an effective vision-based localization technology to be applied to autonomous vehicles. In particular, the proposed technology makes use of numerical maps that are widely used in the field of geographic information systems and that have already been built in advance. Optimum vehicle ego-motion estimation and road marking feature extraction techniques are adopted and then combined by an extended Kalman filter and particle filter to make up the localization technology. The implementation results of this paper show remarkable results; namely, an 18 ms mean processing time and 10 cm location error. In addition, autonomous driving and parking are successfully completed with an unmanned vehicle within a $300m{\times}500m$ space.