• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1999

4종류의 서로 다른 납 처리시설 주변토양과 인위적으로 납을 오염시킨 토양에서 토양 내에 존재하는 주요 양이온과 토양 질량 대 EDTA 용액부피 비 및 납과 EDTA의 정량비(stoichiometric ratio)가 EDTA를 사용한 납 추출에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 납 오염토양으로부터의 납 추출은 EDTA용액 부피 대 토양 질량 비를 3$m\ell$/g까지 감소시켜도 영향을 받지 않았으며 단지 용액 내에 존재하는 EDTA의 몰수에 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 각각의 토양에 대한 납 추출효과는 서로 다른 독립적인 경향을 보였으며 납 광산시설 주변토양을 제외하고는 다량의 EDTA가 유입되면 모든 납이 추출되었다. 이러한 결과는 Fe, Cu. Zn, Al과 같은 토양 내에 존재하는 주요 양이온이 EDTA 의 ligand site에 반응하기 위하여 Pb와 경쟁하기 때문인 것으로 추정되어진다. 납 추출을 위한 EDTA의 도입은 여러 음이온 용해도의 증가를 동반하여 토양내 금속의 용해도를 증가하는 결과를 나타내었으며 용해되어진 금속의 양은 유입된 EDTA 몰수에 최대 20배에 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 납오염된 토양에서의 EDTA를 이용한 납 추출은 토양내의 주요 양이온, 납의 종류(species)및 납의 결합 형태와 위치에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 영향이 복합적으로 작용할 때에는 EDTA의 납 추출효과가 현저히 감소하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
• /
• 제67권
• /
• pp.461-468
• /
• 2018

A highly sensitive, selective and rapid method for the determination of lead based on the reaction of lead (II) with 5-(4'-chlorophenylazo)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione (CPAHPD) and the solid phase extraction of the Pb(II)-CPAHPD complex with Amberlite XAD-2000 was developed, in the presence of pH 5.6 buffer solution and Triton X-114 medium. CPAHPD reacts with lead to form a violet complex with a molar ratio of 2:1 (CPAHPD to lead). This complex was enriched by the solid phase extraction with Amberlite XAD-2000. An enrichment factor of 500 was obtained by elution of the complex from the resin with a minimal amount of isopentyl alcohol(0.2 mL). In isopentyl alcohol medium,the molar absorptivity of the complex is $1.13{\times}10^6L\;mol^{-1}cm^{-1}$ at 647 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of $5.0-160ng\;mL^{-1}$ in the measured solution. The relative standard deviation for 10 replicate samples of $50ng\;mL^{-1}$ level is 1.26%. The detection and quantification limits reaches 1.5 and $4.7ng\;mL^{-1}$ in the original samples. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of lead content in real samples such as vegetables, waters, biological and soil samples with satisfactory results.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.5.1-5.10
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ingestion exposure of lead by particle sizes of crumb rubber in artificial turf filling material with consideration of bioavailability. Methods: This study estimated the ingestion exposure by particle sizes (more than 250 um or less than 250 um) focusing on recyclable ethylene propylene diene monomer crumb rubber being used as artificial turf filling. Analysis on crumb rubber was conducted using body ingestion exposure estimate method in which total content test method, acid extraction method and digestion extraction method are reflected. Bioavailability which is a calibrating factor was reflected in ingestion exposure estimate method and applied in exposure assessment and risk assessment. Two methods using acid extraction and digestion extraction concentration were compared and evaluated. Results: As a result of the ingestion exposure of crumb rubber material, the average lead exposure amount to the digestion extraction result among crumb rubber was calculated to be $1.56{\times}10^{-4}$ mg/kg-day for low grade elementary school students and $4.87{\times}10^{-5}$ mg/kg-day for middle and high school students in 250 um or less particle size, and that to the acid extraction result was higher than the digestion extraction result. Results of digestion extraction and acid extraction showed that the hazard quotient was estimated by about over 2 times more in particle size of lower than 250 um than in higher than 250 um. There was a case of an elementary school student in which the hazard quotient exceeded 0.1. Conclusions: Results of this study confirm that the exposure of lead ingestion and risk level increases as the particle size of crumb rubber gets smaller.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1998

A spectrophotometric method was developed for the acidic solution stripped after an extraction of 0.5 to 2.5 ppm of Lead(II) from 50 mL of $Na_2S_2O_3$ solution into chloroform as the ion-pairs formed between their thiosulfate complexes and alkylamine, Aliquat336. Pb(II) in the stripped solution forms an complex with DDTC in pH 7.3 buffer solution, and was developed in yellow by copper replacement. The ydlow-colored solution have the maximum absorbance at 435 nm in the measurement of absorbance by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The interference ions such as Fe(III), Hg (II), Al(III), Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ca, Sn, have great effects on the extraction, but they were overcomed by the usage of adequate masking agents before an extraction. At last, a good result was obtained in applying this method to synthetic water.

• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 고농도의 중금속 (납, 구리)으로 오염된 세 가지의 토양을 대상으로 sequential extraction 방법을 사용하여 토양과 중금속의 차이에 따른 결합 특성을 밝혀내고자 하였다. 고농도의 납과 구리로 오염된 토양을 형태별로 추출하였을 때 토양의 특성과 중금속의 종류에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 납은 문화동 토양에서는 Carbonate 형태가 37.7%로 가장 높았고 농토는 Amorphous Fe oxide 형태가 23.9%, 공단 토양에서는 Exchangeable 형태가 22.9%로 나타났다. 이에 비하여 구리는 세 가지 토양에서 공통적으로 Organically bound 형태가 농토에서 26.1%, 문화동 토양은 20.4%. 공단 토양에서는 24.1%로 높게 나타났고 Carbonate 형태와 Amorphous Fe oxide형태의 비율도 높게 나타났다. 또한 Crystallized Fe oxide 형태와 Residuals 형태도 납보다 높은 비율을 나타냄으로서 구리가 납보다는 토양과 강한 결합을 형성하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 토양과 중금속의 결합 특성은 오염 토양의 복원시 유용한 자료가 될 수 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.175-176
• /
• 2004

To develope of efficient method for decontaminating of lead ions from industrial wastewater, treatment of aqueous lead solution with magnetic beads was investigated. Immobilization of carboxyl groups on tile surface of magnetic beads was carried out to introduce chelate effect between lead ions and beads. Experiments were performed with lead solutions and magnetic beads at pH 6. Lead ions were extracted during 1 hour, After extraction, magnetic beads were separated from water by outer magnetic force and the solution was analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Over 90 % of lead ions could be removed from aqueous solution after beads application. This result indicate that magnetic beads can be used as a efficient method for removing lead ions from industrial wastewater.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2005

The analytic possibility of mobile lead contained in soil has been studied using carboxylated magnetic beads. Extraction of heavy metal was performed to contaminated soil that has been collected and supplied for tests. As experiment materials, soil sample, distilled water and magnetic beads were only used. It means that the lead was extracted under neutral condition. In this condition, only the mobile fraction of lead could be extracted by magnetic beads. The mobile lead in the soil was quickly combined with magnetic beads in the mixture process. Then, the magnetic beads were dissolved into acids after collection by external magnetic force, and the lead combined with the beads was eluted and analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS). In the results of extraction experiments for 3 sandy soils, the efficiency using beads was similar to or higher than that of EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid), which is normally used for analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in soil. With this, it was shown that this method is a more accurate and simple method to analyze mobile lead when analyzing mobile heavy metal concentration in sandy soil, rather than conventional method using EDTA.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2010

용매추출과 ICP-AES를 이용하여 구리와 탄소가 주성분인 탄소소재에 함유된 납 및 카드뮴을 정량하기 위한 조건을 연구하였다. 구리성분은 납 및 카드뮴 정량에 방해를 하므로 potassium cyanide로 masking한 다음 dithizone을 가하여 납 및 카드뮴을 Pb- 또는 Cd-dithizone 착물을 형성한 다음 chloroform으로 추출하여 측정하였다. 납 및 카드뮴에 대한 측정 회수율이 우수하였고, 방해를 일으키는 매질원소를 효율적으로 제거할 수 있었다. 납 및 카드뮴 화합물이 첨가된 시험기준 물질에 대한 용매추출시험에서 matrix의 영향을 받지 않고 정량하였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 1998년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.513-520
• /
• 1998

The evaluation of uncertainty in environmental elemental analysis can be difficult because of the wide variety of analytical sample and objectives. for the specification of measured, elemetal analysis need certain method and high pretreatment technique. The sample of Pb, Cd in paddy soil and sewage sludge were analyzed by same ICP-AES, but each using four different pretreatment technique ; 0.1N HCl extraction, AB-DTPA extraction and two Mixture Acid Digestion. The four technique gave comparable results for the analysis of lead and cadmium. Concentrations determined by Mixture Acid Digestion were more higher than those by 0.1NHCI extraction and AB-DTPA extraction.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2007

유리소재 중의 미량의 납 및 카드뮴을 Na-DDTC를 가하여 Pb- 및 Cd-DDTC 착물을 형성시켜 유리 matrix 원소들로 부터 분리한 다음 MIBK로 추출하여 ICP-AES로 분석하였다. 유리 기질성분인 Na, Si, Mg 그리고 Ca 화합물 등은 미량의 납 및 카드뮴 정량에 방해작용을 하므로 직접 분석할 수 없으므로 용매추출법에 의해 Pb 및 Cd를 효율적으로 분리할 수 있었다. Pb 및 Cd 화합물이 첨가된 시험기준 시료와 NIST SRM 1412에 대한 용매추출실험에서 matrix의 영향을 받지 않고 정량하였다.