• 제목/요약/키워드: Lead (II)

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가압경수로 원전 안전 1등급 배관의 노화영향 관리 (Aging Effect Management for Class 1 Piping of PWR)

  • 장윤석;진태은;송택호;정일석
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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    • pp.316-321
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    • 2001
  • A previous feasibility study for the Korean lead plant, PLiM Phase I, showed a strong possibility of continued operation beyond the original licensed period. In 1998, PLiM Phase II study was initiated aimed at performing additional detailed evaluations on a wider range of components. The objective of this paper is to present the Korean PLiM efforts for Class 1 piping which is identified as one of the critical components with regard to long-term operation. The key findings such as typical design features, degradation mechanisms, technical issues, draft results from the lifetime evaluation for Class 1 piping of the lead plant are briefly described.

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정상적(正常的)인 한우(韓牛)의 심전도(心電圖)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) I. 표준지유도(標準肢誘導) (Studies on electrocardiogram of the normal Korean native cattle I. Standard limb leads)

  • 최인혁;정인성;김남수;서두석
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.719-734
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    • 1993
  • The electrocardiographic(ECG) parameters on the standard limb leads in the normal Korean native cattle have been measured with a 3 channel Electrocardiograph built in a computed analysis. The study was conducted on the animals 98 heads of mean age of 17.7 months. Conduction parameters, waves, intervals and segments have been recorded. The recordings were analyzed as to shape and amplitude of the P and T waves and the components of the QRS complex. Heart rate was recorded by the Electrocardiogram which were a mean of $80.4{\pm}11.6beats/min$. And the younger had a higher heart rate than the older one. Average conduction times in the RP, the QRS complex and the QTc interval recorded $166.7{\pm}23.1msec.$, $79.7{\pm}8.8msec.$ and $395.5{\pm}30.4msec.$, in the P and T wave duration recorded $70.1{\pm}13.5msec.$ and $97.6{\pm}16.9msec.$, and in the PR and ST segment duration recorded $97.9{\pm}23.5msec.$ and $173.9{\pm}40.3msec.$, respectively. The wave forms in each lead observed various types. The amplitudes of wave type showed the highest frequency in each lead that were analyzed as follow : 1. In P wave, amplitudes of the positive type showed the frequency of 65.3%, 82.7% and 52.0% in leads I, II and III that were $103.1{\pm}47.8{\mu}V$, $115.2{\pm}37.3{\mu}V$ and $67.4{\pm}26.9{\mu}V$, and it showed the frequency of 54.1% and 85.7% in the leads aVL and aVF that were $63.7{\pm}23.0{\mu}V$, $88.0{\pm}83.6{\mu}V$, respectively. Average amplitude of the negative type showed the frequency of 78.6% in lead aVR which was $99.3{\pm}38.0{\mu}V$. 2. Average amplitude of the QRS complex were from $362.8{\pm}177.7{\mu}V$ to $532.8{\pm}253.9{\mu}V$(mean of $449.1{\pm}57.2{\mu}V$) that in all leads except lead I were manifested the Low-Voltage QRS complex(below 0.5mV). Average amplitudes of each wave type in the QRS complex aere $-50.2.4{\pm}258.2{\mu}V$ and $-428.6{\pm}195.1{\mu}V$ in the QS groups type that showed a frequency of 66.3%, 70.4% in the leads I and aVL, were $451.1{\pm}20.4.0{\mu}V$, $387.6{\pm}175.8{\mu}V$ and $299.3{\pm}146.5{\mu}V$ in the R groups type that showed a frequency of 48.0%, 53.1% and 34.7% in the leads III, aVR and aVF, and were $-307.5{\pm}180.3{\mu}V$, $201.4{\pm}77.2{\mu}V$ in the QR wave type which showed a frequency of 39.8% in lead II, respectively. 3. In T wave, amplitude of the positive type showed the frequency of 50.0%, 82.7%, 51.0% and 57.1% in leads II, III aVR and aVF which were $214.9{\pm}115.6{\mu}V$, $188.5{\pm}119.3{\mu}V$, $191.0{\pm}93.7{\mu}V$ and $165.7{\pm}91.9{\mu}V$, and the negative type showed a frequecny of 66.3% and 72.5% in leads I and aVL. that were $221.3{\pm}112.5{\mu}V$, $-173.6{\pm}86.7{\mu}V$, respectively. 4. Amplitude of ST segment in leads I, II and III were a mean of $-12.2{\pm}37.2{\mu}V$, $17.5{\pm}42.6{\mu}V$ and $28.3{\pm}40.4{\mu}V$, in leads aVR, aVL and aVF were $-3.9{\pm}32.5{\mu}V$, $-15.9{\pm}35.6{\mu}V$ and $26.2{\pm}37.5{\mu}V$, respectively.

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녹색광을 이용한 반사형 광용적맥파측정기의 주변광 간섭시 신호측정 (The Verification of Photoplethysmography Using Green Light that Influenced by Ambient Light)

  • 장기영;고현철;이정직;윤영로
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensor using two green light emitting diodes that influenced by ambient light. Recently it has been studied that green light emitting diode is suitable for light source of reflected photoplethysmography sensor at low temperature and high temperature. Another study showed that, green light is better for monitoring heart rate during motion than led light. However, it has a bad characteristic about ambient light noise. To verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensor using green light emitting diode, this study measures the photoplethysmography signal that is distorted by ambient light and will propose a solution. This study has two parts of research method. One is measurement system that composed sensor and board. The sensor is made up PE-foam and Non-woven fabric for flexible sensor. The photoplethysmography signal is measured by measurement board that composed high-pass filter, low-pass filter and amplifier. Ambient light source is light bulb and white light emitting diode that has three steps brightness. Photoplethysmography signal is measured with lead II electrocardiography signal at the same time and it is measured at the finger and radial artery for 1 minute, 1000 Hz sampling rate. The lead II electrocardiography signal is a standard signal for heart rate and photoplethysmography signal that measured at the finger is a standard signal for waveform. The test is repeated 3 times using three sensor. The data is processed by MATLAB to verify the utility by comparing the correlation coefficient score and heart rate. The photoplethysmography sensor using two green light emitting diodes is shown better utility than using one green light emitting diode and red light emitting diode at the ambient light. The waveform and heart rate that measured by two green light emitting diodes are more identical than others. The amount of electricity used is less than red light emitting diode and error peak detectability factor is the lowest.

에틸렌디아민을 배위자로 한 백금(II)착체의 토끼 및 인체 신장세포에 대한 in vitro 독성 (In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Pt(II) Complexes Containing Ethylenediamine in Rabbit Kidney Proximal Tubular and Human Renal Cortical Cells)

  • 노영수;이경태;정지창;장성구
    • 약학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 1996
  • This laboratory has recently reported the synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of PT(II) complexes containing ethylenediamine and diphosphine. In view of the reports of others, cisplatin is toxic to the kidney since the kidney's vulnerability to PT(II) complexes may originate in its ability to accumulate and retain platinum to a greater degree than other organs. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these synthetic PT(II) complexes on the primary cultured proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney and renal cortical cells of human kidney was investigated. Three endpoints for cytotoxicity tests were evaluated:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), $^3H$-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests. The rank order of sensitivity exhibited $^3H$-thymidine uptake>MTT>glucose consumption test. The agents with diphosphine leaving group were significantly less cytotoxic than cisplatin. Moreover, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) exhibited less cytotoxicity than 1.3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP) against on rabbit and human cultured kidney cells. Based on these results, the decreased nephrotoxicity of these new complexes over cisplatin appeared to be partially attributable to a leaving group of DPPP and DPPE. This novel class of platinum compound represents a valuable lead in the development of a "third-generation" agent.

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Impaired Memory in OT-II Transgenic Mice Is Associated with Decreased Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Possibly Induced by Alteration in Th2 Cytokine Levels

  • Jeon, Seong Gak;Kim, Kyoung Ah;Chung, Hyunju;Choi, Junghyun;Song, Eun Ji;Han, Seung-Yun;Oh, Myung Sook;Park, Jong Hwan;Kim, Jin-il;Moon, Minho
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제39권8호
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    • pp.603-610
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    • 2016
  • Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of CD4+ T cell on cognitive function. However, the changes of Th2 cytokines in restricted CD4+ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire model and their effects on the adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory are not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether and how the mice with restricted CD4+ repertoire TCR exhibit learning and memory impairment by using OT-II mice. OT-II mice showed decreased adult neurogenesis in hippocampus and short- and long- term memory impairment. Moreover, Th2 cytokines in OT-II mice are significantly increased in peripheral organs and IL-4 is significantly increased in brain. Finally, IL-4 treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of cultured adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells. Taken together, abnormal level of Th2 cytokines can lead memory dysfunction via impaired adult neurogenesis in OT-II transgenic.

국내 전기전자 제품에 함유된 신규 RoHS II 물질 검출 사례 연구 (Case Study on Determination of the Level of New RoHS II Substances in Domestic Electronic and Electrical Equipments)

  • 송문환;손승환;조영달;최은경
    • 청정기술
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.124-133
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    • 2011
  • 2006년 시행되어 온 RoHS 규제에 유해물질을 추가하여 더 강화된 RoHS II의 공표에 대비하여 본 연구에서는 RoHS II의 최우선 규제 물질이면서 2010년 발표된 REACH SVHC 후보목록에도 포함된 물질인 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) 및 3종 프탈레이트, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)의 국내 전기 전자제품내의 함유 여부를 사전 검토해보려는 목적으로 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 이에 고분자 소재로 구성된 세탁기, 냉장고, 혹은 전자렌지의 부품 20개를 12개 전기전자 부품 생산회사로부터 수거하여 4종 규제 물질을 기체크로마토그래피 질량분석법으로 분석하여 그 함유량을 측정한 결과 Nitrile Butadine Rubber (NBR), Polypropylene (PP), Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPDM), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 등의 소재로 된 부품 중 HBCDD는 NBR 소재로 된 3종 부품에서 42~381 mg/kg 범위로 검출되어 규제값 0.1 wt% (1,000 mg/kg)보다는 적지만 주의를 요한다. DBP 및 BBP는 20개 부품모두에서 검출되지 않고 있어 이 두 물질은 전지전자 제품용 플라스틱 소재에서 넓게 사용되지 않고 있을 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 그러나 DEHP는 40~59,400 mg/kg 범위로 NBR, PP, PBT, EPDM 및 PVC로 이루어진 부품에서 모두 검출되어 광범위하게 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있었고 특히 NBR 및 PVC로 이루어진 8개 부품에서 예상 규제치인 0.1 wt% (1,000 mg/kg)을 훨씬 능가한 0.45~5.94 w%로 검출되고 있어 이에 대한 대비가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 추가로 REACH SVHC (고위험성 물질)에 속하는 Diarsenic pentaoxide, Diarsenic trioxide, Lead hydrogen arsenate, Triethyl arsenate의 4종 물질의 함유 여부를 ICP에 의한 비소(Arsenic) 분석으로 스크리닝해 본 결과 NBR, PBT 소재의 4개 부품에서 15~700 mg/kg으로 검출되었고 이 중 PBT소재의 부품인 Thermistor에서는 규제되는 비소화합물이 규제값(0.1 wt%, 1,000 mg/kg)을 초과할 가능성이 매우 높다.

기계적/전기적 측정 센서를 이용한 Kogas Pilot LNG 저장탱크 멤브레인 변형 거동 측정(II) (The Measurement of Membrane Deformation Behavior in Kogas Pilot LNG Storage Tank by the use of Mechanical/Electrical Sensor (II))

  • 김영균;홍성호;오병택;윤인수;김지훈;김석순
    • 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가스학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2003
  • Korea Gas Corp. has developed the design technology of the LNG storage tank. The membrane to be applied inside of LNG storage tank is provided with corrugations to absorb thermal contraction and expansion caused by LNG temperature. We constructed strain measurement system by using strain gage. In this paper, some problems which should be considered when measuring strain at $-162^{\circ}C$, are discussed by presenting test results on the characteristics of strain gages, Temperature sensor, adhesive and lead wire. And presenting the procedure of the constructing strain measurement system.

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고소성토의 비배수 특성에 관한 연구 II: 비배수강도 영향요소 (A Study on the Undrained Characteristics of Highly plastic soils II: Factors on Strength)

  • 김대규
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제13권9호
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    • pp.4253-4258
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 고소성토 비배수강도와 주요 특성치들의 관계에 대하여 다양한 현장 및 실내시험 결과를 활용하여 심층적으로 고찰하였다. 소성지수, 활성도, 함수비 및 유효단위중량 등은 비배수강도 및 정규화 비배수강도 경우 모두 예상과 달리 특별한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 과압밀비, 예민비 및 비배수탄성계수 등은 정규화 비배수강도와 분명한 관계를 보여주었다. 정규화 비배수강도 방법이 비배수강도와 특성치들의 연구에 크게 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Extensional 진동 모드를 이용한 압전 트랜스포머의 감압 특성 (Step-Down Voltage Properties of Piezoelectric Transformer with Extensional Vibration Mode)

  • 최지현;방규석
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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    • pp.652-655
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, step-down piezoelectric transformer is studied. The piezoelectric transformer, made of lead zirconate titanate solid solution ceramic, is operated by a fundamental contour-extensional vibration mode. The transformer of 14mm length, 14mm width and 4.5mm thickness was made up two shape(Type I and II). The resonant frequency (fr) is 144kHz and 128kHz at the load resistant of $7.5{\Omega}$ that is a similar to calculating matching impedance. The gain (G) obtained 0.19 and 0.08 at each resonant frequency, when applied input voltage is 25V. The temperature difference with the variation of load resistant was increased with increasing load resistant and was the lowest at $7.5{\Omega}$ near the matching of output impedance.

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