• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lead (II)

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Validation of Non-invasive Method for Electrocardiogram Recording in Mouse using Lead II

  • Kim, Myung Jun;Lim, Ji Eun;Oh, Bermseok
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 2015
  • Electrocardiogram measures the electric impulses generated by the heart during its cycle. Recently genome-wide association studies on electrocardiogram traits revealed many relevant genetic loci. Therefore, these findings need to be validated and investigated to determine the underlying mechanisms using mouse models. Invasive radiotelemetry has been widely used to record the electrocardiogram in mice because it has several advantages over non-invasive measurements. However, radiotelemetry is expensive and requires complicated surgery. On the other hand, a non-invasive method using 3 electrodes (one for earth) for lead II is easy to establish and allows for rapid measurement. In this study, eleven mice were measured with this non-invasive method and no statistical difference among them was found in any ECG measurements. In addition, repeat measurement in the same mouse was performed in 9 sets of experiment and the results indicated that non-invasive method was reliable for reproducibility. Further it was shown that measurements for 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes were not different so that a short recording such as 5 minutes was enough to estimate the ECG values including heart rate. Further this method was validated by measuring the ECG of Balb/c and FVB that were previously shown to differ in ECG values by radiotelemetry. Significant differences were found in heart rate, PR interval and corrected QT interval between these mouse strains. This study partially proved that non-invasive method also could provide the accuracy and reproducibility. Based on these results, the non-invasive ECG recordings of lead II is recommended as a useful method for quick test in mouse model.

Isothermal and Kinetic Studies of the Adsorption Removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions using Modified Chara Sp. Algae

  • Kalash, Khairi R.;Alalwan, Hayder A.;Al-Furaiji, Mustafa H.;Alminshid, Alaa. H.;Waisi, Basma I.
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.301-306
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    • 2020
  • We investigated the individual biosorption removal of lead, copper, and nickel ions from aqueous solutions using Chara sp. algae powder in a batch mode. The impact of several parameters, such as initial concentration of the metal ions, contacting time, sorbent dose, and pH on the removal efficiency, was investigated. The maximum removal efficiency at optimum conditions was found to be 98% for Pb(II) at pH = 4, 90% for Cu(II) at pH = 5, and 80% for Ni(II) at pH = 5. The isotherm study was done under the optimum conditions for each metal by applying the experimental results onto the well-known Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the Langmuir is better in describing the isotherm adsorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II), while the Freundlich is a better fit in the case of Cu(II). Similarly, a kinetic study was performed by using the pseudo-first and second-order equations. Our results show that the pseudo-second-order is better in representing the kinetic adsorption of the three metal ions.

Performance Evaluation of Lead (II) Oxide Dosimeter for Digital Quality Assurance in Brachytherapy (방사선 근접치료의 디지털 정도관리를 위한 Lead (II) Oxide 선량계 성능 평가)

  • Han, Moo-Jae;Yang, Seung-Woo;Park, Sung-Kwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.429-435
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    • 2021
  • In intracavitary radiotherapy, incorrect location of the source can cause excessive dose to normal tissue, so it is essential to evaluate the location accuracy of the source. In this study, basic research was performed on digital line dosimeter based on lead (II) oxide (PbO) to improve analog verification method. Therefore, a polycrystalline PbO unit cell dosimeter was manufactured and the measurement performance for Ir-192 sources was evaluated. As a result, the reproducibility satisfies the evaluation criteria of 1.5% with a relative standard deviation of 0.85%. Linearity showed excellent results with a linear coefficient of R2 of 0.9998. In the case of distance dependence evaluation, the power function R2 showed 0.9855 for PbO and 0.9974 for diode, and the overall average difference was 1.66% for PbO and 2.18% for diode. This study presents the basic detection performance of the polycrystalline PbO dosimeter for the Ir-192 source and can provide basic data in the field of radiation measurement.

Studies on- Electrocardiogram of the Normal Korean Native Goat 1. Standard Limb Leads and Unipolar Limb Leads (정상적인 한국 흑염소의 심전도에 관한 연구 1. 표전지유도와 단극지유도)

  • 최인혁;김선기;김추철;최인방;김남수
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.319-337
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    • 1997
  • The electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in the normal Korean black goat have been measured with a 3-channel Electrocardiograph and computed, analyzed. ECG in 243 black goats were made with the limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF), that were recorded conduction parameters of wave and interval, and were analyzed as to shape and amplitude of the P and T waves and the components of the QRS complex. Heart rate were recorded by the ECG which were a mean of 106.1$\pm $21.8 beats/min. Average conduction times in the PR, the QRS complex and the QTc interval were recorded 103.9$\pm $34.9 msec., 58.3$\pm $23.2 msec. and 302.6$\pm $67.8 msec., in the P and T wave duration recorded 24.8$\pm $6.4 msec. and 51.7$\pm $10.8 msec. respectively. The shape of wave in each leads were observed various types, and any spacial wave type appeared the highest frequency in each lead that ware shown less than 60%, and these frequent rate and average amplitudes as fallow: 1. In P waver the frequent rate and average amplitudes of the positive type showed in leads I, II and aVL that were 54.8% (93.0$\pm $ 33.2 $\mu $V), 50.5% (90.1$\pm $30.5 $\mu $V) and 41.7% (58.5$\pm $ 31.1 $\mu $V). Average amplitude of the negative type showed the frequent rate of 49.8% in lead aVE which was -77.6$\pm$ 25.2 $\mu $V. Biphasic type in leads III and aVF were 46.1% (108.4 $\mu $V, -90.2 $\mu $V.) and 45.7% (137.4 $\mu $V, -105.4 $\mu $V.), and amplitudes between positive and negative of it were significant difference. 2. The highest amplitudes of the QRS complex in all leads were 534.8$\pm $ 232.3 $\mu $V of lead II. The frequent rate and amplitudes of the R wave type in the I, II, III and aVF were 30.2% (277.8 $\pm $131.3 $\mu $V), 45.1% (393.1$\pm $114.2 $\mu $V), 48.5% (349.3$\pm $178.3 $\mu $V) and 54.9% (334.4$\pm $129.7 $\mu $V), and QS ways type in the lead aVL was 49.5% (359.2$\pm $195.5$\mu $V), and RS and QS wave types in the lead a VR were 43.3% (312.4 $\mu $V, -212.7 $\mu $V.) and 41.1% (399.2$\pm $92.2 $\mu $V), respectively. 3. In T wave, the frequent rata and amplitudes of the positive type in the leads I, II, III and aVF were 44.6% (207.9$\pm $ 97.1 $\mu $V), 41.6% (245.1$\pm $92.1 $\mu $V), 46.9% (189.8$\pm $ 82.7 $\mu $V) and 53.0% (195.4197.8 $\mu $V), and the negative in the lead aVR was 41.2% (-230.7$\pm$ 103.1 $\mu $V), respectively. The positive and negative types in the lead aVe appeared with same frequent rate of 43.2%.4. Frontal plane vectors for P, QRS, and T were found to lie at 38.1$\pm $ 21.5, 142.0$\pm $ 57.2, and 117.2$\pm $ 63.9 degrees, respectively. These results in ECG of goats may be served to the limited purposes as to conduction parameters, arrhythmias except abnormal ECG because of waveforms, amplitudes and electrical axis of it were variability.

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Selective Cytotoxicity of New Platinum (II) Complex Containing 1,3-Bis-phenylthiopropane (1,3-비스페닐치오 프로판을 배위자로 한 백금 (II)착체의 선택적 세포독성)

  • 노영수;윤기주;이경태;장성구;정지창
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.369-377
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    • 1999
  • A new series of highly water soluble platinum(II) complexes {Pt(II)[1,3-bis(phenylthio) propane](trans- -1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (PC-1) and Pt(II)[1,3-bis-(phenythio)propane] cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane(PC-2)} were synthesized, and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques[infrared(IR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity of new Pt(II) complexes was tested against P-388 and L-1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, PC-14 / P, PC-14/ADM and PC-14 / CDDP human pulmonary adenocarcinima, DU-145 human prostate carcinoma, HT-1376 human bladder carcinoma, ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma, MKN-45/P and MKN-45/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. PC-1 showed active against L-1210, P-388 leukemia, human lung, stomach, prostate, bladder and breast cancer cell lines, and the antitumor activity of these compounds were comparable or superior to those of PC-2 and displatin. The nephrotoxicities of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and [3H] thymidine uptake in rabbit proximal tubule cells and human kidney cortical cells. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC-1) represents a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

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Metal Complexes of Sulfur-Containing Ligands (II). Synthesis and Properties of Platinum(II) Complexes of Dithiocarbamates (황함유 리간드의 금속착물(II). 디티오카바메이트류의 백금(II) 착물의 합성과 성질)

  • Chan-Woo Kim;Chang-Su Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.717-722
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    • 1993
  • Reactions of [PtCl$_4$]$^{2-}$ with excess of dithiocarbamates in water lead to facile replacement of the chloro ligand by dithiocarbamato ligand to give [Pt(A)], [Pt(B)$_2$]Cl$_2$, [Pt(C)$_2$], and [Pt(D)(CH$_2$=CH$_2$)Cl]Cl. The complexes of platinum have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and UV-visible spectra, and conductivity measurements. Platinum(II)-dithiocarbamate complexes were soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohol, acetone, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide etc. The possible structure was proposed on the basis of elemental analyses and physical properties.

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Computer Simulation of Angiotensin II Binding to Its Receptor for de novo Lead Search

  • Kim, Dooil;Youngdo Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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    • 1996.07a
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    • pp.23-23
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    • 1996
  • A working molecular model of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor is built based on the seven transmembrane helix structure of the recently refined bacteriorhodopsin atomic coordinates. A multiple copy simultaneous search (MCSS) method is used to search the pharmacophore of angiotensin on the surface of the receptor. Multiple copies of amino acid fragments and organic functional groups are scattered around the possible binding site and the time dependent. (omitted)

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GaAs OEIC Unit Processes for chip-to-chip Interconnection II (LD structure ; integration) (칩상호 광접속용 GaAs 광전집적회로의 기본 공정 II (LD 구조 ; 집적화 연구))

  • 김창남
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1989.02a
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    • pp.185-192
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    • 1989
  • It is shown that GaAs/GaAs stripe Roof-Top-Reflector LD is better than cleaved mirror LD by numerical analysis. And surface light emitting device is developed by LPE melt-back growth, which is of good controllability for OEIC. OEIC transmitter using RTR LD structured device and FET has been made and modulated, expected to show good modulation characteristics after solving process problem. Beam-Lead LD mounted on Si carrier has been made and shows low heat-resistance and so long life and good characteristics of LD.

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Lead Isotope Ratio Data Base for Bronze Objects at the National Museum of Korea (II) (국립중앙박물관소장 청동유물의 납동위원소비 데이터베이스 구축(II))

  • Kang, Hyungtae;Ahn, Jooyoung;Jeon, Hyosoo
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.9
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 2008
  • The Conservation Science Team of National Museum of Korea has established the data base of lead isotope ratio as the scientific research of bronze patina, which was acquired from conservtion process of metal objects, and based on this result, it intends to conduct the research related to the origin of raw material for the bronze objects. As the equipment for analysis of lead isotope ratio of the bronze patina, the thermal ionization mass spectrometer(TIMS) was used. As a part of this study, in 2nd year 2008, lead isotope ratios of total 18 samples inclding 2 samples of Round-type gold-bronze belong to Baekje period, the 2 items of head of bronze arrow belong to Nangnang(Lelang) and 10 items of the flower-shaped bronze dishes from the Unified Silla period, the 4 items of the bronze patina from the objects(era of 1 item not identified) of Wonpungtongbo(year 1078-North Sung) were analyzed.

Removal of heavy metal by coprecipitation with barium sulfate (황산바륨의 공침현상을 이용한 중금속 이온의 제거)

  • Lim, Heon-Sung;Lee, Sueg-Geun
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.280-284
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study is to investigate the removal of heavy metal by using the coprecipitation of barium sulfate. Several parameters governing the efficiency of the coprecipitation method were evaluated by the pH of sample solution, amount of coprecipitant, and addition of sulfide for the removal of As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) metal ions ($10{\mu}g/ml$ each). The coprecipitation was about 80% - 95% only for lead at low pH but under 10% for other ions. The amount of removal was about 95% - 100% for Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu in the all pH range by the addition of sulfide with barium sulfate but As(V) and Cr(III, VI) ions were not affected by the same conditions.