• Title/Summary/Keyword: Leachate 순환

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Preliminary Study of Semi-continuous Liquid Recirculating Anaerobic Digestion for Source Separated Food Waste (음식물류 폐기물 처리를 위한 준 회분식 액순환 건식 혐기성 소화법에 대한 기초연구)

  • Cho, Chan-Hui;Lee, Byong-Hi
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.28-35
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    • 2015
  • In this study, the experiment was carried out to produce methane by applying Semi-Continuous Leachate Recirculation Anaerobic Digestion System fed with source separated food waste from school cafeteria. There were two systems and each system consisted of a bioreactor and a liquid tank. Each bioreactor had a screen near the bottom of the reactor. 2.5L of separated liquid was transferred to the liquid tank for 30min each day by using a tubing pump and the liquid from the liquid tank was pumped to the bioreactor at the upper of the bioreactor as soon as the transfer was ended. Through this circulation, the liquid having high concentration of VFAs was supplied to the top of bioreactor. At the beginning of the experiment, food waste/inoculum anaerobic sludge volume ratio was 2:8 that is 9g VS/L of OLR(Organic Loading Rate). Feeding was conducted every two weeks. Experimental results showed that the contents of moisture, combustible matter, ash were 65.91%, 32.73%, and 1.36%, respectively. Two different food waste loading were studied. The average organic loading rates were 3.51g VS/d for System A and 3.86g VS/d for System B, respectively. The average produced methane based on food waste fed to bioreactor were observed as $6.30m^3CH_4/kgVS{\cdot}d$ for system A and $4.94m^3CH_4/kgVS{\cdot}d$ for System B, respectively.

A Study on the Separation of Food-Waste Leachate into 3 Phases (음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 삼상분리)

  • Kim, Sangguk;Jeong, Minji;Kwon, Hyolee
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.197-197
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    • 2010
  • 음식물쓰레기의 삼성분은 수분, 휘발분, 회분이며 이들이 차지하는 비율은 계절, 지역별로 다소 상이하지만 수분 약 80%, 회분3%, 휘발분 17%이다. 음식물쓰레기 전처리과정으로 이물질제거, 탈수공정이 있으며 탈수공정에서 다량의 탈리액이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 탈리액을 데칸타를 이용하여 1차로 원심분리하여 고.액 분리한 액을 실험대상으로 하였다. 실험대상 탈리액의 물성은 BOD 78,800[mg/l], COD 41,000[mg/l], 부유물질 25,900[mg/l], 총질소 928[mg/l]이었다. 탈리액에는 기름성분(육류, 식용유등), 입자상물질등이 포함되어 있으며 이들은 난분해성 유기물질로, 이를 제거하는데 기존의 처리방법으로 많은 어려움이 있어 주요한 수질오염 발생원이 되고 있다. 예를들면 하수처리장 폭기조 수면에 유막을 형성하여 산소공급을 방해함으로 미생물번식을 방해하는 요인이 된다. 본 연구는 음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 수분, 고형분, 유분으로의 삼상분리에 관한 것이다. 유분은 에멀젼형태로 안정되게 수층에 분산되어 존재한다. 미세기포를 이용한 부상법의 경우 미세기포 표면과 유분의 화학적친화력이 낮아 기포표면에 유분이 잘 부착되지 않으며, 원심분리 방법만으로는 유분 분리효율이 낮고, 추출에 의한 분리시 추출액이 다량 소요되고 처리시간이 길며 추출액 비용이 많이 소요된다. 탈리액을 유분, 슬러지, 수분으로 분리하면 환경오염을 일으키는 주요성분을 신재생에너지 원료로 활용할 수 있다. 유분의 주성분이 동식물성 유지이므로 전처리시 산촉매를 이용 수분과 유리지방산을 제거하고 염기성촉매를 이용하여 전이에스테르화 반응을 거치면 바이오디젤인 FAME과 글리세롤으로 변환하므로 글리세롤을 분리하면 바이오디젤을 얻을 수 있다. 슬러지는 입자상 물질로 착화가 잘 되고 건조하면 발열량이 높으며 중금속등에 오염되지 않아 청정연료로 활용이 가능하다. 실험실에서의 탈리액 삼상분리방법은 다음과 같다. 탈리액 30ml당 추출액으로 노말헥산을 1ml를 가한 다음 플라스크에서 $80^{\circ}C$로 가열 후 방냉한다. 가열중 노말헥산의 손실을 방지하기 위하여 증발가스를 콘덴서에서 응축하여 플라스크로 재순환한다. 탈리액을 플라스크에서 꺼내어 원심분리기 rack에 300-400g씩 병에 각각 넣고 4,000rpm으로 30분간 운전한다. 탈리액은 상부로부터 유분층, 미세입자층, 수층, 슬러지층으로 분리된다. 각 층의 계면에서 2종의 성분이 약간 섞일 수 있다. 유분을 분리한 후 유분층 잔존물과 미세입자층, 수층 상층부의 혼합물을 취하여 50g씩 병에 넣고 3,500rpm으로 10분간 운전한 후 유분을 분리한다. 마지막으로 미세입자층만을 3,500rpm으로 10분간 원심분리한 후 유분을 따로 분리한다. 얻어진 유분은 rotary evaporator에서 $120^{\circ}C$로 가열하여 유분과 노말헥산을 분리하며 분리효율을 제고하기 위하여 감압하에서 운전한다. 분리된 유분의 고위발열량이 9,450[Kcal/kg]이었으며 원소분석 결과 탄소 74.7%, 수소 12.55%, 질소 0.08%, 유황분 0.0003%이었다. 분리된 유분의 양은 계절별로 시료별로 다르며 가을철에는 1.6-1.9%, 여름철은 1.0-1.3%이었다. 분리된 슬러지로부터 Hg, As, Cr, Cd, Pb 중금속 성분이 검출되지 않았으며 수분 2.8%, 휘발분 76.85%, 회분 7.52%, 고정탄소 12.83%이었고 원소분석결과 탄소 45.25%, 수소 7.46%, 질소 5.05%, 산소 34.39%, 유황분 0.33%이었으며 저위발열량은 4,480[Kcal/kg]이었다. 분리된 슬러지 양은 11-19% 이었다.

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Cyclic process for the preparation of synthetic rutile and pure iron oxide from the domestic titaniferous magnetite ore (국내 부존의 함티탄자철광으로 부터 합성 rutile 및 고순도 철화산화물의 제조를 위한 순환 공정)

  • Lee, Chul-Tae;Ryoo, Young-Hong
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.372-384
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    • 1991
  • The sulfation of the domestic titaniferous magnetite ore with ammonium sulfate was investigated to find a cyclic process for the production of synthetic rutile and high purity iron oxide and to test the feasibility of ammonium sulfate being an alternative sulfation agent. The proper sulfation conditions were determined to be a temperature of $425^{\circ}C$, 2.5 hours of reaction time, the weight ratio of ammonium sulfate to titaniferous magnetite : 11, and particle size or titaniferous magnetite : -250 mesh. 90.4 % of $TiO_2$ and 85.3 % of iron were extracted from the titaniferous magnetite sulfated under these conditions by the water leaching. From the leachate $TiO_2$ of 93.8 % purity as a mixture of rutile and anatase and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ of 97.6 % purity were obtained.

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Characteristics of Mine Liner According to the Replacement Ratio of Nano-Silica and Silica-Fume (나노실리카 및 실리카흄 대체율에 따른 차수재의 특성)

  • Kang, Suk-Pyo;Lee, Hee-Ra;Kang, Hye-Ju;Nam, Seong-Young;Kim, Chun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.66-73
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    • 2019
  • Approximately 80% of the mines are vacated or abandoned mines and are mostly left without suitable environmental treatment facilities. In the area around the abandoned mine site, problems such as drainage of acidic city drainage and leakage of leachate occur, and ground subsidence caused by this can cause a safety accident due to sink hole occurrence. In this study, flow, compressive strength, water uptake, pore and hydration characteristics were investigated to investigate the basic properties of liner and cover material based on the replacement ratio of nano silica and silica fume in the existing blast - furnace slag fine powder. As a result, as the substitution ratio of nano silica and silica fume increased, the flow and compressive strength of nano silica specimens increased and the absorption rate decreased. In the case of pore characteristics, the amount of pores decreased as the substitution ratio of nano silica and silica fume increased. Especially, the capillary porosity of 10-1,000 nm diameter decreased. Ray diffraction analysis and SEM measurement showed that the peak positions of the hydration products were almost the same when compared with the 5% alternative test samples of Plain and silica fume.

Biodeodorization of Trimethylamine by Biofilter Packed with Waste Tire-Chips (폐타이어칩 충진형 바이오 필터에 의한 Trimethylamine 제거)

  • Park, Hun-Ju;Kim, Chang-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.789-797
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate removal characteristics of gaseous trimethylamine(TMA) through biofilter packed with waste tire-chips. The sludge in this experiment was collected from an activated sludge operated in a wastewater treatment facility treating malodorous pollutants. The nominal amount of collected sludge was inoculated through packing materials in the filter. The removal efficiencies for varying concentrations and SVs(Space velocity) were assessed based on TMA, COD$_{Cr}$, NO$_3{^-}$-N, NO$_2{^-}$-N, NH$_4{^+}$-N and EPS(Extracellular Polymeric Substances) in leachate, since biofilter had been steady-stately operated. The influent concentration of 10 ppm of TMA was removed to approximately 95% regardless of changing SV at 120 and 180 hr$^{-1}$, but it was lowered to 80 to 90% at SV 240 hr$^{-1}$. As influent concentration was gradually increased from 5 to 55 ppm, the removal efficiencies of TMA were initially high for 95% in the range of 5 to 10 ppm, but lowered to 80% for 10 to 30 ppm. As a part of kinetic study for TMA decomposition, V$_m$(maximum substrate removal rate) and $K_s$(substrate infinity coefficient) were 14.3 g$\cdot$m$^{-3}$$\cdot$h$^{-1}$ and 0.043 g$\cdot$m$^{-3}$, respectively while adapted period was shown in the range of 100 to 150 hr. Also, the EPS concentration was consistently observed from the leachate showing 100 to 200 ppm, which indicates that biofilm has been continuously formed and sustained throughout tire-chips packed reactor.

A Study on the Leaching Effect and Selective Recovery of Lithium Element by Persulfate-based Oxidizing Agents from Waste LiFePO4 Cathode (과황산계 산화제에 따른 폐LiFePO4 양극재에서 리튬의 침출 효과와 선택적 회수에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Hee-Seon;Kim, Dae-Weon;Jang, Dae-Hwan;Kim, Boram;Jin, Yun-Ho;Chae, Byung-Man;Lee, Sang-Woo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2022
  • In waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cathode material contains approximately 4% lithium. Recycling the constituent elements of batteries is important for resource circulation and for mitigating the environmental pollution. Li contained in the waste LFP cathode powder was selectively leached using persulfate-based oxidizing agents, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate. Leaching efficiency and waste LFP powder properties were compared and analyzed. Pulp density was used as a variable during leaching, which was performed for 3 h under each condition. The leaching efficiency was calculated using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the leachate. All types of persulfate-based oxidizing agents used in this study showed a Li leaching efficiency over 92%. In particular, when leaching was performed using (NH4)2S2O8, the highest Li leaching percentage of 93.3% was observed, under the conditions of 50 g/L pulp density and an oxidizing agent concentration of 1.1 molar ratio.