• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2010

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 및 모바일 기술의 발달에 따라 위치 기반 서비스의 사용이 확대되어 가고 있고 모바일 전자 거래 환경에서 가장 주요한 서비스로 자리 잡고 있다. 하지만, 이와 함께 개인의 위치가 추적되고 노출됨에 의하여 사생활 침해와 같은 문제점들도 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 개인의 위치를 노출시키지 않고도 시공간 질의를 처리하기 위한 새로운 시공 간 질의 처리 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 사용자 위치 은폐 기술은 사용자의 식별자를 감추거나 위치를 정적인 4분 트리나 격자 구조를 이용하여 은폐하는 방법을 사용하였다. 격자를 이용한 위치 은폐는 단순히 사용자의 식별자를 감추는 방법에 비해서는 우수한 방법이지만 미리 정해진 격자의 크기에 의해 위치를 은폐하므로 객체의 위치 분포에 따라 실제보다 불필요하게 많은 오차를 포함하게 되어 질의 성능이 저하되는 문제점을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 시공간 질의 처리에 널리 사용되는 R-트리를 이용하여 위치 은폐를 수행하는 기법을 제안한다. R-트리의 노드는 기본적으로 최소 객체 개수를 보장하므로 R-트리의 MBR을 은폐된 위치로 직접 사용하면 위치 분포에 보다 능동적으로 대처할 수 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 실험 을 통하여 R-트리에 기반한 위치 은폐가 기존의 기법들에 비하여 우수한 성능을 보임을 증명하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2006

기계부품의 세라믹 코팅 층은 사용 중 그 표면특성이 변하므로 잔류수명 예측과 신뢰성 확보를 위해 비파괴적으로 세라믹 코팅 층의 특성을 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 인구는 AISI 1045 강과 오스테나이트 스테인리스 304 강 모재위에 매우 얇은 TiN 세라믹 층을 코팅한 시편에 내하여 누설 레일리(Rayleigh) 표면파를 이용한 TiN 코팅부재의 특성평가를 시도하였다. 후방복사 측정기법으로 코팅 층 내의 표면파의 전파특성이 평가되었고 표면 거칠기, 코팅 층 두께, 마모조긴 둥이 다양한 시편들에 대해 후방복사 프로파일이 측정되었다. 후방복사 프로파일의 정점각과 크기는 시편의 조건들에 따라 민감하게 변하였고, 정점각의 증가는 코팅 층 접합 강도의 저하로 설명되었다. 결과들은 후방복사 기법을 이용한 표면파의 분산성 평가가 코팅 층의 특성 평가에 매우 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

The effectiveness of in situ sediment capping as a technique for heavy metal risk mitigation in Hyeongsan River estuary, South Korea was studied. Sites in the estuary were found previously to show moderate to high levels of contamination of mercury, methylmercury and other heavy metals. A 400 m × 50 m section of the river was selected for a thin layer capping demonstration, where the total area was divided into 4 sections capped with different combinations of capping materials (zeolite, AC/zeolite, AC/sand, zeolite/sand). Pore water concentrations in the different sites were studied using diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) probes. All capping amendments showed reduction in the pore water concentration of the different heavy metals with top 5 cm showing %reduction greater than 90% for some heavy metals. The relative maxima for the different metals were found to be translated to lower depths with addition of the caps. For two-layered cap with AC, order of placement should be considered since AC can easily be displaced due to its relatively low density. Investigation of methylmercury (MeHg) in the site showed that MeHg and %MeHg in pore water corresponds well with maxima for sulfide, Fe and Mn suggesting mercury methylation as probably coupled with sulfate, Fe and Mn reduction in sediments. Our results showed that thin-layer capping of active sorbents AC and zeolite, in combination with passive sand caps, are potential remediation strategy for sediments contaminated with heavy metals.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.133-133
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• 1998

In the thin film alloy formation of the transition metals ion-beam-mixing technique forms a metastable structure which cannot be found in the arc-melted metal alloys. Sppecifically it is well known that the studies about the electronic structure of ion-beam-mixed alloys pprovide the useful information in understanding the metastable structures in the metal alloy. We studied the electronic change in the ion-beam-mixed ppt-Ct alloys by XppS and XANES. These analysis tools pprovide us information about the charge transfer in the valence band of intermetallic bonding. The multi-layered films were depposited on the SiO2 substrate by the sequential electron beam evapporation at a ppressure of less than 5$\times$10-7 Torr. These compprise of 4 ppairs of ppt and Cu layers where thicknesses of each layer were varied in order to change the alloy compposition. Ion-beam-mixing pprocess was carried out with 80 keV Ae+ ions with a dose of $1.5\times$ 1016 Ar+/cm2 at room tempperature. The core and valence level energy shift in these system were investigated by x-ray pphotoelectron sppectroscoppy(XppS) pphotoelectrons were excited by monochromatized Al K ａ(1486.6 eV) The ppass energy of the hemisppherical analyzer was 23.5 eV. Core-level binding energies were calibrated with the Fermi level edge. ppt L3-edge and Cu K-edge XANES sppectra were measured with the flourescence mode detector at the 3C1 beam line of the ppLS (ppohang light source). By using the change of White line(WL) area of the each metal sites and the core level shift we can obtain the information about the electrons pparticippating in the intermetallic bonding of the ion-beam-mixed alloys.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1994

This study consists of two procedures on back analysis and forward analysis which is a basic tool of the former. For a safe and economical construction of underground structures, it is required to identify the structural parameters and analyze the structural behavior as exactly as possible. In this paper, a boundary element method to analyze the behavior of multi-alyered underground structures is studied, in which body forces and initial stresses are considered. That is, each layer is discritized into subregions using infinite fundamental solutions, and terms of body forces and initial stresses are transformed into boundary integral where the applied direct integral method is used. And the system of equations containing body forces and initial stresses are considered. That is, each layer is discritized into subregions using infinite fundamental solutions, and terms of body forces and initial stresses are transformed into boundary integral where the applied direct integral method is used. And the system of equations containing body forces and initial stresses are composed, then the method to solve unknowns is used with applying compatibility and equilibrium conditions between interfaces. As well, the direct search method is applied in back analysis problems. By Powell's method as a technique to search unknown parameters, assuming displacements calculated from boundary element analysis as in-situ displacements, elastic moduli and initial stresses are presumed. As consequences of this study, the results of boundary element analysis of the behavior of multilayered structure considering body forces and initial stresses are agreed with those of finite element analysis. And results of back analysis of elastic moduli and initial stresses in each layers are agreed with exact values with a little difference. Therefore, it is known that this study can be efficiently applied for analyzing the behavior of underground structures including back analysis problems.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.202-213
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• 2008

이 논문은 3차원 탄성파 토모그래피의 3차원 초동주시 및 역산 알고리즘의 개발과 수치모형 실험을 통하여 3차원 토모그래피 기법의 현장 적용성을 고찰한 연구이다. 3차원 탄성파 주시토모그래피 기법의 현장 적용성을 담보하기 위해서는 한정된 송수신 커버리지에 기인하는 암영대가 발생하지 않아야 하고 또한 경제적인 관점에서 자료처리에 소요되는 시간이 합리적이어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 한정된 송수신 커버리지 문제를 극복하기 위하여 파선 폭의 확장기법의 하나인 프레넬 볼륨에 근거한 3차원 주시 토모그래피 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 또한 3차원 토모그래피 수행에 요구되는 정밀도와 경제성을 확보하기 위해 Fast Marching Method(FMM)을 이용한 초동주시 알고리즘을 선택하였으며 수치모형 실험을 통하여 합리적인 모델변수를 결정하였다. 3차원 고립형 이상체 및 경사진 층서구조 수치모형에 대한 3차원 탄성파속도 입방체를 도출함으로써 개발된 알고리즘의 타당성 및 현장 적용성을 고찰하였다. 재구성된 탄성파 임방체는 원 수치모형과 대비한 결과 상호 부합하는 결과를 확인함으로써 3차원 토모그래피 알고리즘의 타당성 및 현장 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

In severe accident conditions of light water reactors, the loss of coolant may cause problems in integrity of zirconium fuel cladding. Under the condition of the loss of coolant, the zirconium fuel cladding can be exposed to high temperature steam and reacted with them by producing of hydrogen, which is caused by the failure in oxidation resistance of zirconium cladding materials during the loss of coolant accident scenarios. In order to avoid these problems, we develop a multi-metallic layered composite (MMLC) fuel cladding which compromises between the neutronic advantages of zirconium-based alloys and the accident-tolerance of non-zirconium-based metallic materials. Cold pilgering process is a common tube manufacturing process, which is complex material forming operation in highly non-steady state, where the materials undergo a long series of deformation resulting in both diameter and thickness reduction. During the cold pilgering process, MMLC claddings need to reduce the outside diameter and wall thickness. However, multi-layers of the tube are expected to occur different deformation processes because each layer has different mechanical properties. To improve the utilization of the pilgering process, 3-dimensional computational analyses have been made using a finite element modeling technique. We also analyze the dimensional change, strain and stress distribution at MMLC tube by considering the behavior of rolls such as stroke rate and feed rate.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2004

High levels of ambient noise and safety factors often limit the use of 'active-source' seismic methods for geotechnical investigations in urban environments. As an alternative, shear-wave velocity-depth profiles can be obtained by treating the background microtremor wave field as a stochastic process, rather than adopting the traditional approach of calculating velocity based on ray path geometry from a known source. A recent field test in Melbourne demonstrates the ability of the microtremor method, using only Rayleigh waves, to resolve a velocity inversion resulting from the presence of a hard, 12 m thick basalt flow overlying 25 m of softer alluvial sediments and weathered mudstone. Normally the presence of the weaker underlying sediments would lead to an ambiguous or incorrect interpretation with conventional seismic refraction methods. However, this layer of sediments is resolved by the microtremor method, and its inclusion is required in one-dimensional layered-earth modelling in order to reproduce the Rayleigh-wave coherency spectra computed from observed seismic noise records. Nearby borehole data provided both a guide for interpretation and a confirmation of the usefulness of the passive Rayleigh-wave microtremor method. Sensitivity analyses of resolvable modelling parameters demonstrate that estimates of shear velocities and layer thicknesses are accurate to within approximately $10\%\;to\;20\%$ using the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) technique. Improved accuracy can be obtained by constraining shear velocities and/or layer thicknesses using independent site knowledge. Although there exists potential for ambiguity due to velocity-thickness equivalence, the microtremor method has significant potential as a site investigation tool in situations where the use of traditional seismic methods is limited.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 졸-겔, 용매치환, 표면개질, 상압건조 공정과 계면활성제에 의한 템플레이팅(templating) 공법 및 소결 공정을 이용하여 실리카 에어로겔 모노리스와 메조포러스 실리카 모노리스를 각각 합성하였다. 제조된 두 종류의 실리카 모노리스는 균열이 없이 비교적 투명하였으며, 매우 높은 기공율(92-94%) 및 비표면적($800-840m^2/g$)과 수 십 nm 수준의 기공 크기를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 표면개질을 적용한 실리카 에어로겔 샘플이 스피링백 효과로 인하여 메조포러스 실리카 모노리스에 비해 더욱 미세하고 균질한 나노 기공 구조를 보였을 뿐만 아니라, 그 단열 성능도 더욱 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 합성된 두 종류의 실리카 모노리스를 중간층으로 적용한 복층 창유리의 단열 성능을 측정된 모노리스의 열전도도와 이론식을 근거로 조사한 결과, 기존의 상업적으로 응용되는 공기층 삽입 복층 창유리에 비해 우수한 단열 성능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2015

The thermal barrier coating (TBC) for inner wall of liquid-fuel rocket combustor consists of NiCrAlY as bonding layer and $ZrO_2$ as a top layer. In most case, the plasma spray coating is used for TBC process and this process has inherent possibility of cracking due to large difference in thermal expansion coefficients among bonding layer, top layer and metal substrate. In this paper, we suggest crack-free TBC process by using a precise electrodeposition technique. Electrodeposited Ni-P/Cr double layer has similar thermal expansion coefficient to the Cu alloy substrate resulting in superior thermal barrier performance and high temperature oxidation resistance. We studied the effects of phosphorous concentrations (2.12 wt%, 6.97 wt%, and 10.53 wt%) on the annealing behavior ($750^{\circ}C$) of Ni-P samples and Cr double layered electrodeposits. Annealing temperature was simulated by combustion test condition. Also, we conducted SEM/EDS and XRD analysis for Ni-P/Cr samples. The results showed that the band layers between Ni-P and Cr are Ni and Cr, and has no formed with heat treatment. These band layers were solid solution of Cr and Ni which is formed by interdiffusion of both alloy elements. In addition, the P was not found in it. The thickness of band layer was increased with increasing annealing time. We expected that the band layer can improve the adhesion between Cr and Ni-P.