• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1998

In this study, friction-wear test was carried out on the carburized layer depth of a mechanical structure steel SNCM carburized with RX and LPG for 7hrs at $930^{\circ}C$ and also the wear properties of wear loss, wear rate, coefficient of friction, friction force and friction temperature were investigated. The wear properties for carburized layer of SNCM were tested on dry condition at the room temperature by the thrust load of 49~245N range at sliding speed of 0.2m/sec and the sliding speed of 0.2~1.0m/sec range at thrust load of 98N. Wear loss on the depth of carburizing layer was increased with increasing of thrust load and sliding speed, and with decreasing of hardness. The condition of worn surfaces were showed mild wear at less than the thrust load of 98N and sliding speed of 0.6m/sec but were showed severe wear at more than 98N and 0.6m/sec. The friction load and temperature were increased with increasing of thrust load but with increasing sliding speed was appeared minimum at 0.6m/sec. With increasing thrust load the wear rate was increased and the coefficient of friction was decreased, but with increasing sliding speed the wear rate and the coefficient of friction were decreased in 0.2~0.6m/sec and increased in 0.6~1.0m/sec, therefore 0.6m/sec in this testing is a transition velocity.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2007

비선형 Boussinesq 파랑전파 모델에서 방파제, 호안 등의 반사 경계면에 스펀지층을 설치하여 반사율을 모의하는 방법을 제안하였다. 스펀지층의 반사특성을 도출하기 위하여 상대 스펀지폭(스펀지층 폭/입사파장)을 변화시키는 일차원 수치실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 상대 스펀지폭을 조정함으로써 무반사에서 완전반사까지 반사율을 효과적으로 구현할 수 있음을 보였으며, 실험결과에 근거하여 반사율과 관련 무차원 변수들간의 다중회귀분석식을 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 본 스펀지층을 이차원 방파제에 적용하였으며, 스펀지층이 반사경계로서 평면 이차원 조건에서도 충분히 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 예시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2001

Presented are heat data which describe the effect of interaction between bulk flow pulsations and a vortex embedded in a turbulent boundary layer. The pulsation frequencies are 3 Hz, 15 Hz and 30 Hz. A half delta wing with the same height as the boundary layer thickness is used to generate the vortex flow. The convection heat transfer coefficients on a constant heat-flux surface are measured by embedded 77 T-type thermocouples. Spanwise profiles of convection heat transfer coefficients show that upwash region of vortex flow is influenced by bulk flow pulsations. The local heat transfer coefficient increases approximately by 7 percent. The increase in the local change of convection heat transfer coefficient is attributed to the spanwise oscillatory motion of vortex flow especially at the low Strouhal number and to the periodic change of vortex size.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

Crystalline silicon solar cells with $SiN_x/SiN_x$ and $SiN_x/SiO_x$ double layer anti-reflection coatings(ARC) were studied in this paper. Optimizing passivation effect and optical properties of $SiN_x$ and $SiO_x$ layer deposited by PECVD was performed prior to double layer application. When the refractive index (n) of silicon nitride was varied in range of 1.9~2.3, silicon wafer deposited with silicon nitride layer of 80 nm thickness and n= 2.2 showed the effective lifetime of $1,370{\mu}m$. Silicon nitride with n= 1.9 had the smallest extinction coefficient among these conditions. Silicon oxide layer with 110 nm thickness and n= 1.46 showed the extinction coefficient spectrum near to zero in the 300~1,100 nm region, similar to silicon nitride with n= 1.9. Thus silicon nitride with n= 1.9 and silicon oxide with n= 1.46 would be proper as the upper ARC layer with low extinction coefficient, and silicon nitride with n=2.2 as the lower layer with good passivation effect. As a result, the double layer AR coated silicon wafer showed lower surface reflection and so more light absorption, compared with $SiN_x$ single layer. With the completed solar cell with $SiN_x/SiN_x$ of n= 2.2/1.9 and $SiN_x/SiO_x$ of n= 2.2/1.46, the electrical characteristics was improved as ${\Delta}V_{oc}$= 3.7 mV, ${\Delta}_{sc}=0.11mA/cm^2$ and ${\Delta}V_{oc}$=5.2 mV, ${\Delta}J_{sc}=0.23mA/cm^2$, respectively. It led to the efficiency improvement as 0.1% and 0.23%.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2012

Assume fluid eddy viscosity in the vertical direction is parabolic. Sediment particles diffuse with the given fluid eddy viscosity. However, when the vertical diffusion coefficient profile is computed from the suspended sediment concentration profile, the coefficient shows lager values than the fluid mixing coefficient values. This trend was explained by using two sizes of sediment particles. When fine sediment particles like wash load are added in water column the sediment mixing coefficient looks much larger than the fluid mixing coefficient.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.2637-2649
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• 1996

Flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on an elliptic cylinder placed in a plane boundary layer were investigated experimentally. Four cylinder models with axis ratio(major axis to minor axis, AR=A/B) of 1, 2, 3, and 4 having the same equivalent diameter were used in this experiment. The Reynolds number based on the equivalent diameter $D_e$(=20mm) was 13,000. In the case of circular cylinder, regular vortex shedding occurs for the cylinder gaps larger than G/B=0.3 and is not almost related to the boundary layer thickness. But, for the elliptic cylinders, the vortex shedding frequency is increased with increasing the gap ratio (G/B) and the axis ratio (AR) of elliptic cylinders. The maximum drag coefficient acting on a circular cylinder is mainly affected by the boundary layer thickness. But, the elliptic cylinders(AR$\geq$2), except for the smaller gap G/B<0.2, show a nearly constant drag coefficient which is much smaller than that of a circular cylinder. The base pressure on the flat plate decreases with increasing the axis ratio(AR) of the elliptic cylinder. In the case of a circular cylinder, the base pressure has the minimum value at the gap ratio G/B=0.4, but it occurs at G/D=2 for elliptic cylinders. The mean velocity of the cylinder wake is quickly recovered at a small cylinder height ratio(H/$\delta$), but the turbulent intensity is rapidly recovered at a large cylinder height ratio(H/$\delta$). The effective wake region in the plane boundary layer is shrinkaged with increasing the axis ratio(AR) of elliptic cylinder. And the drag coefficient and streamwise turbulent intensity of the elliptic cylinder with AR=4 are less than half of those for the circular cylinder(AR=1).

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

변동수압에 의한 포화 사질층의 연직 간극수압 분포를 이론 및 실험적으로 연구하였다. 실험에 의해 모래표면에 작용하는 수압은 모래층으로 전달되며 진폭이 감쇠하고 상이 지연되며, 유효응력이 0이 되는 액상화 현상이 특별조건에서 발생한다. 이러한 실험결과는 탄성 대수층에 대한 지하수문제와 같은 이론으로 잘 설명된다. 해석에 의한 액상화의 주요 특징은 다음과 같다: 1)액상화 심도는 진폭 및 변동수압의 주파수 증가에 따라 증가한다. 2)수량(水量)의 증가와 모래층 내의 공기가 많아짐에 따라 액상화 심도가 증가한다. 특히, 공기의 적은 양도 액상화에 크게 영향을 미친다. 3) 압축율이 증가함에 따라 액상화 심도는 감소한다. 4)투수 계수값이 어느 특정값 이상이 되면 투수계수 값이 증가함에 따라 액상화 심도는 감소한다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2015

음선 모델링에서 다층 해저 바닥을 고려하는 경험적 방법 중 하나는 단일층 가정으로써, 다층 구조에 대한 평면파 반사계수를 사용하는 것이다. 본 연구자는 이층 해저 바닥에 대해 단일 층 가정의 유효성을 조사하고, 음속비, 송수신 거리 당 층 두께, 1차 반사파의 스침각의 함수로 표현되는 간단한 부등식 조건을 얻었다. 부등식 조건으로부터, 단일 층 가정이 실제 해양 환경의 중주파수 음선 모델링에 적용될 수 있음을 보였다. 마지막으로 한국 동해와 유사한 해양환경에 대해 수치실험을 수행하였다. 다층 해저 바닥에 대한 평면파 반사계수를 적용한 기하학적 빔 모델을 이용하여 비상관 전달손실을 계산하고, 서울대학교에서 개발한 포물선 방정식 패키지인 SNUPE 2.0의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1978

Optical properties were studied in the costal waters of the southern part of Korea based on twenty oceanographic stations from 1 st to 9 th February, 1977. Submarine daylight intensity was measured by using an underwater luxmeter (Toshiba No.9). Daylight intensity in the upper 30m depth layer was measured at 1 m depth interval. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranged from 0.101 to 2.539 (mean 0.578). The Secchi-disc depth in the area ranged from 0.8 to 13 meters (mean 5.33 meters). The relationship between absorption coefficient (K) and transparency (D) was k= 1. 704/ D. The mean water color in the area was 5. 75 (3-9) in Forel scales. The rates of light penetration for daylight at 1m layer in the area ranged from 13.18 to 82. 05% and the mean was 59.56%, while the rate at 5m layer ranged from 0.007 to 46.1% and the mean was 18.47%.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2005

This paper presents the theory of similarity transformations applied to the momentum and energy equations for laminar, forced, external boundary layer flow over a horizontal flat plate which leads to a set of non-linear, ordinary differential equations of phase change material slurry(PCM Slurry). The momentum and energy equation set numerically to obtain the non-dimensional velocity and temperature profiles in a laminar boundary layer are solved. The heat transfer characteristics of PCM slurry was numerically investigated with similar method. It is clarified that the similar solution method of Newtonian fluid can be used reasonably this type of PCM slurry which has low concentration. The data of local wall heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient of PCM slurry are higher than those of water more than 150$\~$200$\%$, approximately.