• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2021

With the recent rapid improvement in the standards of life and westernization of dietary lifestyles, the consumption of high-calorie diets such as high-fat and high-protein red meat and instant foods has increased, while less vegetables containing dietary fiber are consumed. In addition to that, stress, erroneous dietary behaviors, and contaminated environments are linked to the risk of developing ulcerative colitis, which is on the rise. Another cause of ulcerative colitis is that involve laxative abuse, including repeated, frequent use of laxatives, and include such conditions as deteriorated bowel function, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, etc. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): group I-normal group, group II-DSS control group, group III-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg), group IV-DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg), group V-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Radish Extract mixture (30 mg /kg) (SRE). DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SRE supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SRE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules through suppression both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and prevented the apoptosis of colon. Moreover, SRE administration significantly led to the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme including SOD and Catalase. This is the first report that Radish extract mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The updated ROME IV criteria for functional constipation (FC) in children were published in 2016. However, information on the use of these criteria is scarce. This study aimed to report the frequency of the use of the ROME IV criteria by Indonesian pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) in FC management in infants and toddlers. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Results: A total of 248 respondents (183 pediatricians and 65 GPs) from 24 Indonesian provinces completed the survey. Most respondents reported an estimated prevalence of FC to be less than 5% both in infants and toddlers. On average, only 64.6% of respondents frequently used the ROME IV criteria. Pediatricians used the ROME IV criteria more often than GPs did (p<0.001). The most frequently used criteria were painful or hard bowel movements (75.0%) and ≤2 defecations/week (71.4%). Lactulose as a laxative was the preferred treatment choice, followed by changing the standard formula to a specific nutritional formula. Most of the respondents carried out parenteral reassurance and education. Normal growth, as a marker of good digestion and absorption function, and normal stool consistency and frequency were the most reported indicators of gut health. Conclusion: The ROME IV criteria for functional constipation are not extensively used by pediatricians and GPs in Indonesia. Laxatives and specific nutritional formulas were the most used management approaches in infants and toddlers. Medical education, especially for general practitioners, should be updated.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the effect of meridian acupressure on defecation of patients with post spinal operation. The nonequivalent control group posttest only design was used. The data were obtained from 77 post spinal operative patients, 34 in the experimental 43 in control group in Y Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation such as laminectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion are performed. Meridian acupressure meant the method that an examiner presses response points distributed in the pass of energy vessel. In this study, meridian acupressure program was performed on as points in order of Hegue (LI-4), Zhigou (TE-6), Zusanli (S-36), Shangjuxu (S-37), Xiajuxu (S-39), Tianshu (S-25), Taichong (L-3) which was known to be related to large intestine. Data were collected from 1, July 2003 to 1, September 2003. Meridian acupressure program was carried out for 20 minutes 4 hours after operation twice daily. In order to evaluate the effect of meridian acupressure intervention, they were asked time of bowel recovery, gas passing, and defecation though questionnaire method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/ WIN 11.0 program. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Homogeneity tests of general characteristics and operation related characteristics of the experimental group and the control group were performed. General characteristics included age, sex, defecation habit, eating pattern, fluid intake, life style, activity, usage of laxative and etc. 2. Hypotheses were verification as follows; 1) Recovery of bowel sound of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure intervention was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-6.770,P=.000). 2) Time of gas passing of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-8.003, P=.000). 3) Time to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-9.026, P=.000). 4) Abdominal discomfort due to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was lesser than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-3.431, P=.001). From these results, meridian acupressure intervention was effective for recovery of bowel sound, reduce time to gas passing, time to defecation and lessen abdominal discomfort due to defecation on post spinal operative patients. And therefore this intervention can probably considered on clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2016

Background: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) who receive radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) are released from isolation when their dose rate is below the regulatory requirements. The purpose of this study was establish predicting factors for early release from the isolation facility after RAI administration in patients with DTC. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included 96 (58 females and 38 males) patients with DTC who had received RAI from April 2013 till August 2015. The study was duly approved by the ethical committee of the institute. Patients who had complete information of primary tumor size (PTS), serum TSH, stimulated thyroglobulin level [sTg] with antibodies (IU/ml) at the time of RAI treatment were included. All had a normal serum creatinine level. To attain lower effective half-life good hydration and administration of soft laxative were ensured. Dose rate was measured (immediately, 24 h and 36 h) at 1 meter distance from anterior mid trunk and a dose rate <$50{\mu}Sv/h$ was considered as the releasing criterion. At 24 h 50 patients were released while the remaining 46 patients were released at 36 h. A post-ablative whole body scan (PA-WBIS) was performed 5-8 days after RAI ablation in all patients. Results: Patients released after 24 h were significantly younger, had smaller lesions with higher proportion of papillary cancer, lower sTg, lower sTg/TSH ratio and had received a lower dose of RAI as comapred to those who were discharged after 36 h. Serum TSH and gender were not found to have any significant correlation between two cohorts. ROC and multivariate analysis have shown age ${\leq}37years$, PTS ${\leq}3.8cm$, $RAI{\leq}150mCi$, $sTg{\leq}145ng/ml$ and $sTg/TSH{\leq}1.085$ as strong indepedent predictors for early release. Conclusions: We conclude that younger age (${\leq}37years$), smaller tumor size (${\leq}3.8cm$), lower RAI dose (${\leq}150mCi$), lower sTg (${\leq}145ng/ml$) and a lower sTg/TSH ratio (${\leq}1.085$) are significant independent predictors for release at 24 h after RAI treatment in DTC patients. Effective utilization of these factors could help the treating physicians to use limited number of internment facilities with higher throughput, lower cost and lower psychological stress to patients.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2014

Rumex crispus (curled dock), which is a perennial wild plant, has long been used as a laxative, astringent, and medicine to treat blood and skin diseases. We recently reported that the roots of R. crispus are an effective nutraceutical for bone. This study prepared ethanol extracts of the leaves and roots of R. crispus, and analyzed the major constituents using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition, their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, such as cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization, were compared. The chromatograms of the chemical constituents of the two extracts exhibited quite different profiles: quercetin and quercitrin were identified as major peaks in the leaf extract, whereas cinnamtannin B1 and procyanidin isomers were the major peaks for the root extract. Neither extract was cytotoxic at concentrations of < $25{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and collagen synthesis-which are markers of the early stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells were significantly increased upon the addition of the root extract compared with the addition of the leaf extract. In contrast, the leaf extract had a more stimulatory effect on mineralization-which is marker of the late stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells than did the root extract. In conclusion, extracts of both leaves and roots of R. crispus stimulated the bone-forming activity of osteoblasts; in particular, the root extract was more effective in the early stage of osteoblast differentiation, while the leaf extract was more effective in the late stage. This difference in anabolic activity may be due to differences in the constituents of the leaves and roots. The leaves and roots of R. crispus appear to complement each other as stimulators of bone formation.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1102-1113
• /
• 2023

Objective: To elucidate the use of radiological studies, including nuclear medicine, and biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer (PCA) in clinical practice and understand the current status of PCA in Asian countries via an international survey. Materials and Methods: The Asian Prostate Imaging Working Group designed a survey questionnaire with four domains focused on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), other prostate imaging, prostate biopsy, and PCA backgrounds. The questionnaire was sent to 111 members of professional affiliations in Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan who were representatives of their working hospitals, and their responses were analyzed. Results: This survey had a response rate of 97.3% (108/111). The rates of using 3T scanners, antispasmodic agents, laxative drugs, and prostate imaging-reporting and data system reporting for prostate MRI were 21.6%-78.9%, 22.2%-84.2%, 2.3%-26.3%, and 59.5%-100%, respectively. Respondents reported using the highest b-values of 800-2000 sec/mm² and fields of view of 9-30 cm. The prostate MRI examinations per month ranged from 1 to 600, and they were most commonly indicated for biopsy-naïve patients suspected of PCA in Japan and Singapore and staging of proven PCA in Korea and Taiwan. The most commonly used radiotracers for prostate positron emission tomography are prostate-specific membrane antigen in Singapore and fluorodeoxyglucose in three other countries. The most common timing for prostate MRI was before biopsy (29.9%). Prostate-targeted biopsies were performed in 63.8% of hospitals, usually by MRI-ultrasound fusion approach. The most common presentation was localized PCA in all four countries, and it was usually treated with radical prostatectomy. Conclusion: This survey showed the diverse technical details and the availability of imaging and biopsy in the evaluation of PCA. This suggests the need for an educational program for Asian radiologists to promote standardized evidence-based imaging approaches for the diagnosis and staging of PCA.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 일개 광역시 지역 고등학생 1,882명을 대상으로 변비 유병율과 변비관련 건강 행태 및 변비의 발생에 영향을 미치는 위험요인을 도출하여, 적절한 관리방안 및 중재전략 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고자 시도된 다면조사연구 이다. 수집된 자료는 연구목적에 따라 빈도분석, Chi-square 검정, 로지스틱 회귀 분석(multivariate logistic regression)으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자가보고에 의한 변비의 유병율은 25.2%로, 성별에 따라서는 남학생이 13.4%, 여학생이 36.5% 이었다. 둘째, 자가보고에 의한 변비군의 치료관련 행태에서는 16.4%가 변비치료를 위해 변비약을 복용한 경험이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 배변 형태에 변화가 있을 경우 52.1%는 특별한 상담자가 없으며, 38.9%는 부모님과 상담을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자가보고에 의한 변비의 분류에 의한, 변비군과 정상군간의 배변 관련 증상의 분포에서는 변비군의 73.5%가 자주 또는 가끔 항문통증의 경험이 있었으나, 정상군에서는 48.0%로 나타나 변비군에서 항문통증을 경험한 비율이 높았으며, 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 배변 후 항문부위의 출혈 경험에 있어서도 변비군에서 41.6%가 배변 후 항문출혈의 경험이 있었으나, 정상군에서는 23.7%로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 넷째, 식습관 행태와 자가보고에 의한 변비 발생과의 관계에 있어서는 변비군의 45.1%가 다이어트의 경험이 있었으며, 정상군의 28.1%에 비하여 높았다. 아침식사의 규칙성에 있어서는 변비군의 21.2%가 아침식사를 항상 먹지 않는 것으로 조사되어, 정상군의 17.5%에 비하여 높게 나타나 아침식사를 규칙적으로 먹지 않는 군에서 변비발생의 위험이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 변비군과 정상군의 스트레스 분포에서는 변비군의 40.2%는 항상 스트레스를 느끼고 있다고 하였으며, 정상군에서는 25.0%만이 항상 스트레스가 있다고 응답하여 변비군에서 스트레스 정도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 여섯째, 학교에서의 배변여부에서는 자가보고에 의한 변비군에서 학교에서 배변을 하지 않는 비율이 42.2%로 정상군의 37.2%에 비하여 그 비율이 높았으며, 선호하는 화장실의 종류로는 연구대상자의 43.4%가 수세식 형태를 선호하였다. 일곱째, 자가보고에 의해 변비군과 정상군을 구분한 후, 변비여부를 종속변수로 하여 변비 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 남학생보다는 여학생이, 실업계보다는 인문계학생이, 다이어트 경험이 있을수록, 아침식사를 규칙적으로 먹지 않을수록, 주 3회 이상 채소 섭취를 하지 않을수록 변비가 더 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 변비의 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 식습관의 개선이 필수적임을 재확인하였으며, 다이어트의 절제와 아침식사의 결식예방, 규칙적인 식사, 채소류 섭취의 증대, 스트레스 관리 등에 관심을 기울여 이를 개선하는 노력이 필요하다 하겠다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2002

목적: 소아에서 변비는 흔한 소화기 증상 중 하나로써, 그 유병률에 대한 보고가 다양하고,원인은 대부분 기능적인 원인으로 정신적 성향, 식이습관, 신체의 활동성, 그리고 배변 훈련 등이 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 아직 변비에 대한 체계적인 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이 연구에서 저자들은 일부 초등학교 아동의 변비의 유병률, 원인, 특징 및 관련 요인을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2000년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 광주광역시 소재 2개 초등학교 1학년, 6학년 학생 1793명 (남아 830명, 여아 963명)을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하여 학부모의 지도하에 응답하게 하였다. 결과의 분석은 변비의 유병률, 원인, 배변 특징, 관련요인, 그리고 치료 방법에 대해 빈도 분석과 다변량분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 1) 변비의 유병률은 전체 15.4%이고 남아 14.2%, 여아 16.5%였고, 1학년 13.9%, 6학년 17.6%로 남녀의 성비, 연령 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 변비의 원인은 야채를 적게 먹는 식이 습관 24.8%, 불규칙한 식이 습관 14.6%, 편식 12.5%, 운동부족 11.5%, 학교 화장실을 가기 무서워서 7%, 식욕이 없어서 6.6%, 생우유를 많이 먹어서 6.3%, 물을 적게 마시기 때문 5.9%순이었다. 3) 변비와 연관성을 보이는 관련 인자로는 운동량이 적은 경우 87.0%, 습관적으로 인스턴트 식품이나 기호식품을 먹는 경우 62.5%, 장시간 TV를 시청하는 경우 40.4%, 편식을 하는 경우 30%, 과거력에서 유뇨증이 있는 경우 2.9% 순으로 유의한 차이를 보이고 있었다. 4) 변비와 유의한 연관성을 보이는 관련 인자 중에서 운동량이 적은 경우, 장시간 TV를 시청하는 경우, 편식을 하는 경우, 과거에 유뇨증이 있는 경우가 변비를 일으키는 유의한 위험인자로 작용하였다. 5) 변비의 치료는 27.1%에서 받고 있었고, 그 중 변비약을 이용하여 15.5%, 관장을 이용하여 11.6%로 변비약을 이용한 경우가 더 많았으며, 대다수인 72.9%는 치료를 전혀 받지 않고 있었다. 결론: 학동기 아동에서 변비의 유병률은 높았으나 치료를 받지 않은 경우가 대부분이었다. 변비의 관련 인자들을 파악하여 변비의 예방에 힘쓰고, 적절한 치료를 받도록 지속적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.