• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.10
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2022

Recently, as carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have increased overall and contributed to air pollution, and awareness of environmental degradation has grown. This study examines the impacts and causalities of economic globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation on CO₂ emissions in China over the period 1971-2014. The vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test on time-series data are employed to observe the interactions between CO₂ emission, economic globalization, and various economic factors, including economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation, since China's early stage of globalization. The empirical results indicate the existence of bidirectional causalities from economic growth, gross capital formation, economic globalization, and CO₂ emission to energy consumption, and bidirectional casualty from energy consumption to CO₂ emission relationships in the short run. The findings of this study suggest that indirect bidirectional causalities from economic growth, economic globalization, and capital formation to CO₂ emission through energy consumption are observed. Moreover, economic globalization accelerates CO₂ emission in the short run but decreases it in the long run. To reduce CO₂ emissions, and to ensure sustainable economic growth and economic globalization progress, some crucial energy-saving and energy-efficiency policies, regulatory rules, and laws are recommended.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2013

This study is aimed to present measures for stable supply of fishmeal and to develop fish farming into a food industry and an export industry. The study analyzed current domestic and international supply and demand for fishmeal and suggested future prospects. The results of the study suggested the basic directions for the stable supply of fishmeal in Korea as follows: first, stable securing of fishmeal importers and establishment of the supply and demand monitoring system; second, policies to boost using of compound feeds and expansion of relevant fishmeal use; third, higher competitiveness of fishmeal and compound feeds through selective and intensive R&D investments. Based on the basic directions, the paper suggested implementation measures such as strengthening of cooperations with fishmeal suppliers abroad, expansion of overseas local market entrance, diversification of fishmeal trading countries, revision of relevant laws and polices on the fishmeal and feeds, organization of domestic fishmeal, promotion of group purchase, improvement of domestic fish meal quality, development of fish meal alternatives, etc.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.827-834
• /
• 2009

In respond to the demand of an open, fair, transparent, and efficient environment for procurement, many governments have incorporated the use of internet in their procurement systems with online procurement (e-procurement). Given the different policies and laws which have to be complied with, the practice of government e-procurement system varies from one country to another. Thus, experiences in running e-procurement will vary as well. The achievements and obstacles of one country's experience will be a constructive reference for other countries in establishing e-procurement system. In this regard, government e-procurement system practices in two Southeast Asia countries i.e., Thailand and Indonesia particularly in public works are consecutively presented and finally compared in this paper. The government of Thailand has applied Online Auctions (e-Auctions) as the national procurement practice since 2005 and performed the e-Auctions in two types: Reverse Auction and Sealed Bid Auction. Contrary to the common practice of e-procurement, the Thai government, with some rationales, runs the bid documents obtaining manually as well as qualification and technical documents submission and holding the e-Auctions at bidding office. Whereas Indonesian government runs Online Sealed Bid Bidding (e-Procurement) and most of the bidding stages are performed electronically except bid evaluation for both technical and financial. The advantages and drawbacks of these two e-procurement practices are discussed as well as improvements that have to be made for successful of e-procurement.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.281-295
• /
• 2009

Representative services of the afterschool in Korea are After-Schools of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Community Child Centers, After-school Child Care, and Youth After-school Academy of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family. Each service is distinguished with its own founded laws, subject children, specialists, principle management agent, a number of participants, and more. Research issues of afterschool are development of new afterschool programs, evaluatjon of the effectiveness of the afterschool, establishment of policies related to cooperative efforts among the different services of the afterschool, obtainment of legal status, and enhancement of the credential of its personnels. To guarantee the quality of the Afterschool and improve personnels' working conditions, various means are to be implemented. In regard to programatic and policy issues, the afterschool is needed to establish a system for training the afterschool coordinators and of its accreditation and to develop more child-centered afterschool programs. Also, it is needed to legislate fundamental law and consolidate communication system among the services of the Afterschool in pursue of their effective utilization and actual expansion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The present study purposed to investigate the current state of harmful business places around schools and to survey and analyze how much middle school students know about school environment hygiene purification zones, which have not been much effective. Methods: In addition, this study clarified the problem of harmful environment around schools by inquiring into students' value and perception on worsening harmful environment around schools and provided basic materials necessary for making policies on school education and the protection of educational environment. For these purposes, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,000 middle school students in Gyeonggi-do on their perception on harmful environment around their schools, and drew conclusions as follows. Result: Students' knowledge about the School Health Act was low, and they generally thought that the law does not play its role substantially and efficiently in purifying and regulating harmful environment and regulations are superficial and temporary. To the question of whether harmful businesses observe laws for purifying environment around schools, most of the students replied negatively. In actuality, as most of harmful businesses running at school environment hygiene purification zones are stationeries with game rooms, comic book stores, PC rooms, etc., which are highly accessible to students, they become serious problems in school environment. Conclusion: As it is required to make continuous and systematic surveys and researches on the school environment hygiene purification zones, we need to manage school environment efficiently through cooperation among the government, education offices and individual schools.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2000

Objectives : To direct methods of management and development of herbs and their derived products, and at the end of this study to inform the process of making new herbal drug regulations in Korea. Methods : This study analyzed the regulations and laws of western medicine drugs. Results : We have got some herbal prescriptions which are not in the eleven books of oriental medicine now in use but which have proved effective. We need to establish standards for permissions to produce medical products through those prescriptions. Besides, we need the special permissions to produce herbal products through prescriptions, especially those which have been used to treat incurable diseases. And, we can contribute to globalization of oriental medicine and to well situating of herb products and medicinal acupunctures if we produce them according to international standards. It is thought that herbal medicine has no side effect in the medical society in Korea. But, it is getting popular to administer herbal medicine and western medicine together. Thus, the side effects of taking both medicines at the same time should be documented. Conclusions : Herbal medicines and herbal products should be under the control over the whole process of production, circulation, and sales. Now, it is time for herbal medicine to be known to all over the world. Therefore, herbal medicine must meet and adhere to the standards set by the western society and WHO.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.185-199
• /
• 2009

This paper analyzed articles of u-City Construction Law, which has been enacted on 29th of September last year, and evaluated their appropriateness and other laws associated with u-city services for better provision of u-cities and u-city services. The enacted law established the concept of u-city in Korea and provided relating industries with construction procedures, technology developments, and standards. These efforts have substantial implications as the first stepping stone, but also raised several problems. Hence, this paper suggested that the u-City Construction Law should be amended as follows. First, The minimum size of u-cities, that is required by the law, should be decreased. Second, various kinds of incentives should be provided to the u-city project companies. Third, new organizations such as u-City commission and National or Regional Control and Management Center will be necessary. Fourth, technology standards and inter-operability among cities should be provided in the areas of the control and management centers. And Finally, more measures of and focuses on project financing issues should be made.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.39-59
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to describe the status and needs of safety education in elementary schools and to develop a model of the comprehensive school safety education in Korea. A literary review was used to assess the status of safety education materials in Korea, the safety education program, and the laws and policies about safety education. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, Kwangwon Province, and Jeonbuk Province to assess the status and needs of school safety education. Survey data was obtained in June 2002 from 83 teachers and 21 focus group consisting of experts. The primary goal of safety education is to help students to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on safety. Comprehensive safety education has these primary goals： To provide an opportunity for students to develop their values, attitudes and beliefs about safety. This study will help assess the feasibility of applying safety education guidelines in elementary schools in Korea, including theoretical aspects of the field and practical aspects of safety education in relation to guidelines containing the diverse types of safety activities in Korea. In particular, it will suggest appropriate alternatives to current methods, protecting elementary school students in Korea, and how those can be created in the cultural context of Korea.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to minimize the various social problems caused by the growing number of vacant houses in the urban areas and suggest ways to improve the legal and institutional system for promoting the maintenance and utilization of vacant houses. Due to changes in social conditions, the vacant houses continue to increase, and urban regeneration is emerging as a policy tool for renovating old and deteriorating built-up areas. In the face of the necessity of the managing vacant houses and its surrounding areas, it was suggested that vacant housing should be defined as "housing and buildings", not just "housing", since there are limitations on the maintenance of them. In addition, statistics on vacant houses are causing confusion because of the difference between surveyed data and vacant houses, which are recognized as problems in urban areas. Therefore, it was suggested to improve the accuracy and reliability of vacant housing statistics. In order to promote the maintenance and utilization of vacant housing, it was proposed an amendment of vacant housing-related laws that grant substantive tax benefits to enable more active participation of vacant homeowners and people who participate in vacant housing maintenance.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study systematically analyzed cases in South Korea wherein nurses were prosecuted for involuntary manslaughter or injury due to professional negligence in pediatric care. Methods: We analyzed the precedents using the methodology of Hall and Wright (2008) and Austin (2010). Of the 618 cases retrieved from the Supreme Court Decisions Retrieval System in South Korea, we selected the 12 cases in which children were the victims and nurses were the defendants, using a case screening methodology. Results: The most frequent penalty was a fine, and newborns were the most frequent victims. The distribution of cases according to Austin's violation categories was: improper administration of medications (n=5), failure to monitor for and report deterioration (n=4), ineffective communication (n=4), failure to delegate responsibly (n=4), failure to know and follow facility policies and procedures (n=1), and improper use of equipment (n=1). Conclusion: To ensure the safety of children, nurses are required to teach and practice a high standard of care. Nursing education programs must improve nurses' awareness of their legal obligations. Nursing organizations and leaders should also work towards enacting effective nursing laws and ensuring that nurses are aware of their legal rights and responsibilities.