• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.144-148
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 쾌한 향과 불쾌한 향에 대한 좌우 반구의 차이를 보여 주는 비대칭 지수를 사용하여, 두 반구 사이의 변화를 살펴보았다. 중년층과 장년층 여성을 대상으로, 100%의 Basil oil, Lavender oil, Lemon oil, Jasmin oil, Ylangylang oil(KIMEX co. Ltd), Sketol의 총 6가지 종류의 천연향을 제시한 후, 주관적 평가를 통해 쾌한 향과 불쾌한 향을 구분한 후, 이 두 향에 대한 뇌파의 비대칭도를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중년층의 경우, 주관적 평가에서 쾌한 향으로 나타난 lemon향을 제시했을 때, 불쾌한 향을 제시한 경우에 비해 세타파와 알파파에서 우반구 부분이 우세한 경향을 보여 주었고, 장년층에 비해 중년층은 마찬가지로 세타파와 알파파에서 쾌한 향 자극 시 우반구가 우세함을 보여 주었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.128-131
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• 2002

향 관련 직업을 중심으로 한 연구에는 유기 화학적 냄새에 폭로된 종사자를 대상으로 그들의 작업환경 개선을 주된 목적으로 실시되어져왔으나 천연향 자극에 대한 연구는 전무한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 화장품 관련 전문직과 화장품 판매직을 대상으로 100%의 basil oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil (KIMEX co. Ltd, Korea), skatole (TAKASAO co. Ltd, Japan)등 6종 향 자극에 대한 EEG, 주관평가에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과, 전문직에서 선호도가 높은 향은 Fz와 F3에서, 선호도가 낮은 향은 P4에서 $\alpha$/$\beta$비가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 상호 정보량에 대해서는 두 직업 모두 선호도가 낮은 향에 대한 상호 정보량이 선호도가 높은 향에 비해 더 많았다. 특히 화장품 관련 전문직에서는 전두엽의 상호 정보량이 증가하는 경향이 확인되었다. 이상에서 판매직과 비교하여 전문직은 천연향 자극이 감성효과가 아닌 외부자극에 대한 고차원적 기능을 담당하는 전두엽 영역과 관련된 지성효과로 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 단순노무직, 판매직, 전문직에 종사하는 피험자를 대상으로 100%의 basil oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil (KIMEX co. Ltd, Korea), skatole (TAKASAGO co. Ltd, Japan)등 총 6가지 종류의 천연향에 대한 두뇌의 정보량 흐름을 파악하기 위해 상호 정보량을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 전문직에서는 상호 정보량의 유의한 변화가 전두엽 사이(F3F4)에서 나타난 반면, 단순노무직과 판매직에서는 전두엽(F3F4), 두정엽(P3P4), 측두엽(T5T6) 사이에서 모두 나타났다. 두 직종과 비교하여 전문직이 주로 외부 자극에 대한 고차원적 기능을 담당하는 전두엽영역의 정보량에서 유의한 변화를 보인 것은 향을 전문적으로 구분하고, 확인하는 그들의 직업적 특성을 반영한 결과라 추측된다. 또한, 단순노무직과 달리, 전문직과 판매직은 선호도가 낮은 향에서 상호 정보량이 증가하는 경향을 보여, 향 관련 종사자들의 선호도와 상호 정보량간의 관련성을 시사하였다.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2001

This study was designed to verify the effect of aromatherapy on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from March to October, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of 45 college women with menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. They were randomized by 25 for the experimental group and 20 for the control group. Their mean age was 20.6 years, mean menstrual period 28.7 days, mean menstrual cramps(VAS) 7.25, mean dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhea Scale) was 27.34. As treatment, aromatherapy was to give effleurrage of the abdomen with lavender, clary sage and rose as aroma oil, almond oil as carrier oil. For the control group, abdominal massage was given with only almond oil. Data collection included menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms(low abdominal pain, lumbago, headache, nausea, fatigue, edema). Menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea and general, menstrual characteristics of subjects were measured the first day of the pre menstrual period before treatment (pre-test), menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms were measured the first and second day of post menstrual period after treatment (posttest). Data were analyzed by t-test, $\chi^2$- test, repeated measures ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ with SAS Program. The results of this study was as follows; 1. Menstrual cramps was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .001). 2. Dysmenorrhea was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .027). 3. Less women in the experimental group complained about the six symptoms than women in the control group after treatment on the first day of the menstrual period(p < 0.05, p < 0.01) In conclusion, these findings indicate that aromatherapy with lavender, clary sage, and rose could be effective to decrease menstrual cramps, and dysmenorrhea. So, aromatherapy could be applied to women suffering with menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea periodically as an nursing intervention.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), damages various cultivated crops and it can also be a serious pest of turfgrass, especially on golf courses. Essential oils have potential as alternative control agents for insect pests. Sixteen essential oils (anise, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, thyme, turpentine and tea saponin) and paraffin oil were assessed in the laboratory, the green house and field trials for their efficacy against black cutworms in turf. Treatment of potted cores of perennial ryegrass turf with anise, cinnamon, neem, paraffin or turpentine reduced black cutworm damage in a greenhouse trial, and in a similar trial, applying neem oil at 4000, 2000 and 1000 ppm resulted in 100, 100 and 64% mortality, respectively, of black cutworms. Weight of survivors at the 1000 ppm rate was 5- fold less than weight of comparably-aged controls. Neem oil (2000 ppm) reduced growth of black cutworms feeding on treated clippings. A high rate of neem oil followed by irrigation (0.1 L of 20000 ppm neem oil with 0.9 L watering/$m^2$) was more effective than a lower concentration (1 L of 2000 ppm neem oil/$m^2$) against $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ instars in potted turf cores and field plots, respectively. However, not even the aforementioned higher rate effectively controlled $4^{th}$ instars in the field.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.149-154
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• 2018

This article intended to examine the anti-plaque activity of 4 essential oils of Lavender, Tea tree, Eucalyptus, Lemongrass against Streptococcus mutans. In the results of measuring the anti-plaque effect against Streptococcus mutans, Minimum anti-adhesive concentration of Lavender oil was 1.0% and that of Tea tree, Eucalyptus, lemongrass essential oils was 0.5 %. Also, it was confirmed that the essential oils have the effect of inhibiting acid generation by Streptococcus mutans. It was confirmed that pH of the concentration was lowered by the acid generation under the MAC by measuring pH of the solution after incubating Streptococcus mutans and the essential oils in the thermostatic bath varying their concentration. From these results, the essential oils, particularly, Tea tree, Eucalyptus, Lemongrass essential oils are the natural material inhibiting the plaque generation and the potential that they can be used to develop the oral care products was confirmed.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.180-190
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the improvement and maintenance effects of foot reflexology (FR) on sensations after breast cancer surgery with those of lavender foot bath (LFB). Methods: Using a single-blind design, both 18 women to receive 20-min FR by trained experts and 14 women to soak feet in $40^{\circ}C$ foot tub water with 5 drop lavender essential oil, 15-min were intervened every two days. Repeated measures were taken pre 1st-(baseline-4th op. day), pre 3rd-(2nd data), and pre 5th-intervention (3rd data) with following up at 1-week after 5th intervention (4th data). The reliable translated Korean version of Baron's Breast Sensation Assessment Scale was used to assess sensations after breast cancer surgery (SABCS) characterized by prevalence, frequency, severity, and distress. Results: A significant difference between baseline and the 3rd, and a decrease tendency from baseline to the 3rd were observed for the severity and distress in FR and for the prevalence and severity in LFB. A significant or important decrease tendency between the 3rd and the 4th were observed for the severity and distress in FR and for the severity in LFB. Conclusion: Iterative FR has the improvement and maintenance effects on the severity and distress while LFB has only those on the severity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 향이 인간에 미치는 영향을 EEG의 시계열 분석을 통해 알아보았다. 피험자는 20대 초반의 후각자애가 없는 30명(남녀 각각 15명)을 대상으로 하여, 국제 기준 전극법을 사용하여 Fz과 Cz에서 뇌파를 기록하였다. 100%의 Rose oil Bulgarian, Lemon oil Mistitano, Jasmine abs, Lavender oil France, Peppermint oil을 실험 시약으로 사용하였다. 각 향 자극에 대하여 1분 동안의 측정을 10초 간격으로 구분하여 $\alpha/(\alpha+\beta)$ 비와 $\beta/(\alpha+\beta)$ 대역의 비를 비교 분석하였다. 30초까지는 안정과 향 자극간의 차이가 증대되는 성향을 보였으나 50초부터는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 향간의 차이가 자극제시 후 30초 일 때 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다고 이 시간을 기준으로 각 향의 선호도를 분석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2017

Essential oil from herb is known to exert pharmacological effects on the human body. In this study we investigated the antibacterial activity of 4 essential oils (teetree, rosemary, melisa, and lavender), as well as the blended mixture oil of teetree, rosemary, and melisa (TRM) on three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial analysis was performed using the standard disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibition concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method with different concentrations of essential oils (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL). After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, the antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the zone of growth inhibition surrounding the disks. Herb oil with the inhibition zones showed varied values ranging from6 to 25 mm. However, the components of herb oil of TRM are as highly active as the teetree oil against pathogens, generating large inhibition zones for both gram negative and positive bacteria (13~22 mm and 8 mm inhibition zones). In the analysis for MIC, TRM showed growth-inhibitory effects at 0.0625% for S. aureus and E. coli, and 1.25% for P. aeruginosa. This result demonstrated that the anti-microbial activity of TRM was greater than a single herb oil, including oxacillin, rosemary, and teetrea. As a single herb oil, both rosemary and teetrea also had an anti-microbial effect by itself, and we can expect that the blended oil mixture may exert a synergistic effect against multidrug resistant bacteria, suggesting its future application in natural preservative agents for health food and cosmetics.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

Environment-friendly agro-materials tend to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity for pepper extract and cassia oil (11.5+46%, A), pepper extract and cassia oil (23+34%, B), and pepper extract and lavender oil (40+10%, C). They are expected to prevent from pests especially diamondback moth, and can be used for agro-materials. Their formulation was emusifiable concentration (EC). Target species used to assess acute toxicity were aquatic invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Cyprinus carpio), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The $EC_{50}$ value of A, B, and C to aquatic invertebrate were 0.46, 1.9, 0.25 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively and these values were moderately toxic according to standard of USEPA. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, the $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 1.9, 2.9, 3.8 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively. A was category II in acute toxicity of fish and not acceptable to evaluation criteria of environment-friendly agro-materials. B and C were category III and acceptable. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to honeybee were conducted and the $LD_{50}$ of A, B, and C were > 100 ${\mu}g$ a.i. $bee^{-1}$ in both of tests. It indicated they were low toxic to honeybee. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 695, 988, and 564 mg $kg^{-1}$. In conclusion, pepper extract+cassia oil 57% EC and pepper extract+lavender oil 50% EC were expected to be used for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.