• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1081-1092
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide scientific information for establishing efficient and systematic measures for nature conservation and management in Manjang-gul lava tube. The number of vascular plants was 204 taxa (82 families, 176 genera, 144 species, 1 subspecies, 26 varieties and 1 forma). Of those, pteridophyte were 5 families, 12 genera, 14 species and 1 variety and gymnosperm were 4 families, 6 genera, 5 species and 1 variety. Seventy three families, 149 genera, 157 species, 1 subspecies, 24 varieties and 1 forma in angiosperm composed of 62 families, 123 genera, 137 species, 1 subspecies, 17 varieties and 1 forma in dicotyledon and 11 families, 26 genera, 20 species and 7 varieties in monocotyledon. The number of naturalized plants was 9 families, 17 genera, 18 species and 3 varieties, totaling 21 taxa.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.138.2-138.2
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• 2012

Cave on the Moon is considered as the most appropriate place for human to live during the frontier lunar exploration. While the lava flows, the outer crust gets cooled and solidified. Then, the empty space is remained inside after lava flow stops. Such empty space is called the lava caves. Those lava tubes on the Earth are formed mostly by volcanic activity. However, the lava tubes on satellite like Moon and planet like Mars without volcanic activity are mostly formed by the lava flow inside of the crater made by large meteorite impact. Some part of lava tube with collapsed ceiling appears as the entrance of the cave. Such area looks like a deep crater so called a pit crater. Four large pit craters with diameter of > 60 m and depth of > 40 m are found without difficulty from Kaguya and LRO mission image archives. However, those are too deep to use as easily accessible human frontier base. Therefore, now we are going to identify some smaller lunar caves with accessible entrances using LRO camera images of 0.5 m/pixel resolution. Earth's lava caves and their entrances are well photographed by surface and aerial camera in immense volume. Thus, if the image data are sorted and archived well, those images can be used in comparison with the less distinct lunar cave and entrance images due to its smaller size. Then, we can identify the regions on the Moon where there exist caves with accessible entrances. The database will be also useful in modeling geomorphology for lunar and Martian caves for future artificial intelligence investigation of the caves in any size.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.609-622
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• 2007

This paper examines the lava tubes designated as a natural monument in Jeju Island, and then makes the several suggestions for conserving and managing them. The cave entrances should be scientifically and strictly managed to prevent the deterioration, and to preserve the interior ecosystem, of the lava tubes. The land use and vegetation of the ground surface over the lava tubes should be also systematically managed; the destroyed sand dunes must be recovered for the development of speleothem in the lava tubes, and the plants with deep roots must be removed for the prevention of ceiling collapse. The provincial authorities should manage the ground surface over the lava tubes as a public land to remove the factors threatening the stability of the lava tubes. Since the roads crossing the ground surface are likely to cause the collapse of the lava tubes, new roads bypassing the caves need to be constructed, and warning signs should be also installed at the traverse points. A monitoring system on the cultural properties protection area over the lava tubes could be effectively established by encouraging residents to participate the conservation program of lava tubes. Since the falling blocks from ceilings have been usually observed in the lava tubes, it is urgent to examine their stability. In particular, the dangerous sections must be continuously monitored for taking a quick measure against the collapse. The air environments of lava tubes need to be scientifically analyzed based upon the long-term observations. The lighting equipments must be improved to minimize the green pollution in the lava tubes open to the public. The numbers of visitors should be also controlled to prevent the destruction and contamination of lava tubes caused by a large number of visitors.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.5
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• pp.53-55
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• 1997

In September 1996 I spent 8 days in Kamchatka Oblast of Silberia, speaking at the institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry in Petropavlovsk and participating ina field excursion to the 1740 and 1975 lava beds of Tolbachik volcano. By international standards, the caves of these flows are small. But recently it has appeared that variations in chemistry and gas content of pahoehoe basalts makes profound variations in their lava tube caves. Thus it is important to look at as many speleoliferous regions as possible. This trend continued at Tolbachik.(omitted)

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

As a result of the faunistic study on the subterranean cyclopoid copepods, four species of three genera in the family Cyclopidae are reported from nine limestone caves and a lava tube in South Korea: Megacyclops magnus (Marsh, 1920), Acanthocyclops orientalis Borutzky, 1966, A, robustus (Sars, 1863) and Diacyclops suoensis Ito, 1956, all of them new to Korean fauna. This paper deals with the taxonomic accounts and illustrations of the four species with the redescription of A. orientalis. This is the first taxonomic study on the cave-dwelling cyclopoid copepods from Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2008

Gurin Cave, 442 m long, is a lava tube developed on the northern slope of Mount Halla. Seventy-three meters of its lower reach became a river channel since Byeongmun River flowed into a window after roof collapse took place. The subterranean channel has a width of 447 cm and a height of 501 cm, respectively. Its banks show well-developed lava shelves of a typical lava tube, while its floor has sculpted forms which characterize a bed of a bedrock stream. The reach is likely to be collapsed and then has four collapsed windows since its roof has the densely developed testudinal joints and consists of thin lavas with a thickness of 30 to 60 cm. Before the subterranean channel appeared, a ground channel flowed over the cave and joined into a main channel of Byeongmun River at 653 m in altitude. However, the subterranean channel substituted the ground channel since a bed of the ground channel collapsed into the cave. The new channel, flowing through the cave, joined into a main channel at 660 m in altitude. As the drainage area of Byeongmun River expanded upstream the cave, the new channel changed into a main channel. Since floodwater flows down the ground channel as well as the subterranean channel, a distributary stream has temporarily appeared at the collapsed window. Lava tubes are likely to have an affect on the development of river system in Jeiu Island, in that the caves have constantly shown roof-fall.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-195
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• 2003

Hawaii Island makes up of five volcanos of Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. They are big shield volcanoes rising above the Pacific ocean floor and final two volcanoes provide a natural laboratory for the study of active volcanoes. Mauna Loa is the largest single volcano on earth. At the submmit is an oval-shaped Mokuaweoweo caldera, from which two rift zones extend to the southwest and northeast, and in the medial part are the longest lava tube systems in the world. Kilauea has been formed largely by eruption along southwest and eastern rift zones extending from Kilauea caldera at the submmit. On the eastern rift zone, spectacularly, the 1989-1974 eruption of Kilauea at Mauna Ulu crater formed the Mauna Ulu lava flow field. The 1983-1986 eruption of aa flows at Puu Oo crater, and the activities of pahoehoe flows during 1986-1990 at Kupaianaha crater and during 1991-recent at the Puu Oo has produced the Puu Oo and Kupaianaha lava flow field.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.103-118
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• 2021

For management and preservation measures of lava tube, it is studied how the blasting vibration by constructions near Geomunoreum lava tubes in Jeju affect lava tube. 11 boreholes were drilled in study area, and in-situ blasting tests were conducted by changing from 0.5 kg to 10 kg charge per delay in those boreholes. The vibration velocity, which meets the regulatory vibration criterion during daytime, was estimated as below 0.276 cm/sec by analyzing the relationship between vibration velocity and vibration level. In addition, SRE and CRE were calculated from the results of in-situ blasting tests, and k-values were shown as 130.04 in SRE, 199.71 in CRE, respectively. Also, n-values were shown as -1.717 in SRE, -1.711 in CRE, respectively. Charge per delay were assessed based on these equations, and charges per delay had ranges of 0.57~7.42 kg/delay in estimation equation of vibration velocity, 0.21~5.29 kg/delay in SRE, and 0.04~5.51 kg/delay in CRE, considering the 0.2 kine vibration criterion for cultural heritage and the 20~100 m distance from vibration source. Additionally, the relationships which meet the criteria of 0.2 kine, were calculated by combining CRE in this study with the result of previous study. Allowable charges per delay, which meet the criteria of 0.2 kine, were evaluated as 1.07 kg/delay in 50 m, 5.13 kg/delay in 100 m and 22.26 kg/delay in 200 m distances. These relationships for each vibration velocity are useful to deduce charge per delay for the ground near Geomunoreum lava tube.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.449-466
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• 2022

The establishment of a complete geological model that includes information about all the various components at a site (such as underground structures and the compositions of rock and soil underground space) is difficult, and geological modeling is a developing field. This study uses commercial software for the relatively easy composition of geological models. Our digital modeling process integrates a model of Jeju Island's 3D geological information, models of cave shapes, and information on the state of a road at the site's upper surface. Among the numerous natural caves that exist in Jeju Island, we studied the Jaeamcheon lava tube near Hallim town, and the selected site lies below a road. We developed a digital model by applying the principles of building information modeling (BIM) to the cave (CaveBIM). The digital model was compiled through gathering and integrating specific data: relevant processes include modeling the cave's shape using a laser scanner, 3D geological modeling using geological information and geophysical exploration data, and modeling the surrounding area using drones. This study developed a global-scale model of the Hallim region and a local-scale model of the Jaeamcheon cave. Cross-validation was performed when constructing the LSM, and the results were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.73
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

The modern people spend more time with heir family on weekends, and this changed the perspective toward leisure and tourism. Along with this, the recognition toward tourism resources have underwent various modifications with the increasing number of family tourists. Caves are categorized as lava tube (formed by volcano activity), lime stone cave(formed by absorption of water into underground level), sea cave (formed by wave erosion) and artificial cave that were made for the fluent traffic activity of railways or roads. Caves manifest characteristics of tourism as a natural resources and tourism as a humanity study, so caves are valuable as a multipurpose tourism resource.