• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Purpose: The Lauren classification system is a very commonly used pathological classification system of gastric adenocarcinoma. A recent study proposed that the Lauren classification should be modified to include the anatomical location of the tumor. The resulting three types were found to differ significantly in terms of genomic expression profiles. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the modified Lauren classification (MLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 677 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy from January 2005 to December 2007 for histologically confirmed gastric cancer were included. The patients were divided according to the MLC into proximal non-diffuse (PND), diffuse (D), and distal non-diffuse (DND) type. The groups were compared in terms of clinical features and overall survival. Multivariate analysis served to assess the association between MLC and prognosis. Results: Of the 677 patients, 48, 358, and 271 had PND, D, and DND, respectively. Their 5-year overall survival rates were 77.1%, 77.7%, and 90.4%. Compared to D and PND, DND was associated with significantly better overall survival (both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age, differentiation, lympho-vascular invasion, T and N stage, but not MLC, were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate analysis of early gastric cancer patients showed that MLC was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (odds ratio, 5.946; 95% confidence intervals, 1.524~23.197; P=0.010). Conclusions: MLC is prognostic for survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, in early gastric cancer. DND was associated with an improved prognosis compared to PND or D.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2003

This study was to analyze the trademarks of The Polo Lauren Company in fashion products and its analogous trademarks that have been applied or registered in the Korean Patent Office. The data was collected from the Korean Patent Office and KIPRIS search system was used. Total 468 trademarks applied by the date of September 10, 2003 including 317 registered trademarks of the Polo Lauren Company and 151 its analogous trademarks applied for fashion products, were used for the analysis. The results were follows. (1) Total 73 different types of trademarks of the Polo Lauren Company were registered for 26 product classification. Trademarks were composed of all possible combination of letter, sign and sketch to prevent the registration of its analogous trademark. Also even the same trademarks were registered for each different product classification. Since the early 1990s the extended trademarks for each segments reflecting diverse lifestyles were frequently registered. (2) Total 134 trademarks that had applied for registration were rejected due to its analogousness to the Polo Lauren. Most of them were seem to purposely analogous to mislead and to confuse consumers. The major type was to add one or two words as brand extention to the genuine Polo brand. Next type was minor modification of genuine trademark. The last type was almost same brand names in different product categories. (3) Total 3 trademarks were not permit to register by the objection of the Polo Lauren Company. Total 19 trademarks were permit to register. Those showed low degree of analogousness. However most of these trademarks were cancelled by the lawsuit of the Polo Lauren company.

• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between MUC expression and clinicopathologic factors in advanced gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 237 tumor specimens were assessed for MUC expression by immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathologic factors were investigated with MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. Results: MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression was identified in 148 of 237 (62.4%), 141 of 237 (59.5%), 186 of 237 (78.5%), and 146 of 237 (61.6%) specimens, respectively. MUC1 expression was correlated with age, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, lymphatic invasion, Lauren classification and histology. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between MUC1expression and lymphatic invasion, diffuse type of Lauren classification. MUC5AC expression was correlated with HER2 status, Lauren classification and histology. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between MUC5AC expression and HER2 status, diffuse and mixed type of Lauren classification. MUC2 and MUC6 expression were not correlated with clinicopathologic factors. The patients of MUC1 expression had poorer survival than those without MUC1 expression, but MUC2, MUC5AC or MUC6 were not related to survival. In an additional multivariate analysis that used the Cox proportional hazards model, MUC1 expression was not significantly correlated with patient survival independent of age, N-stage, and venous invasion. Conclusion: When each of these four MUCs expression is evaluated, in light of clinicopathologic factors, MUC1 expression may be considered as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, careful follow-up may be necessary because the prognosis is poor when MUC1 expression is present.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2007

목적: 진행성 위암환자의 예후인자에서 림프절 전이와 침윤깊이 등이 중요한 예후인자로 여겨지고 있지만, 림프절 전이가 없는 진행성 위암환자의 침윤깊이에 따른 예후인자에 관해서는 정립이 되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 림프절 전이가 없는 진행성 위암 환자의 생존율에 관계된 예후 인자를 확인하고 침윤깊이에 따른 예후 인자의 변화를 확인하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 교실에서 진행성 위암으로 1990년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 수술 받은 1,761명 중 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하여 림프절 전이 및 원격전이가 없는 진행성 위암 환자 268명을 대상으로 하였다. 나이, 성별, 종양의 위치, 종양의 크기, 종양의 위벽침윤도, 조직학적 분화도, 림프관 침윤, 신경침윤, 혈관 침윤 등을 토대로 생존율에 대한 단변량 및 다변량 분석을 시행하였고 침윤 깊이(T2, T3, T4)에 따라 대상 환자를 아그룹으로 분류하여 침윤 깊이에 따르는 예후인자를 조사 하였다. T4 군은 제한된 개체 수 때문에 분석에서 제외 시켰다. 결과: 생존율과 관계된 통계적으로 의미있는 예후 인자는 단변량 분석에서는 나이, 종양의 위벽침윤도, 조직학적 분화도, Borrmann 형, Lauren 분류이고 다변량 분석에서는 나이, 침윤도, Lauren 분류였다. 침윤 깊이에 따른 아그룹의 다변량 분석에서 의미있는 예후 인자는 T2 군에서는 나이와 Borrmann 형, Lauren 분류이며 T3 군에서는 나이와 Lauren 분류, 혈관 침윤이었다. 결론: 림프절 전이 없는 진행성 위암에서 나이와 Lauren 분류, 침윤 깊이가 생존율의 영향을 미치는 독립적인 예후 인자라고 볼 수 있다. 단 T2 군에서는 Borrmann 형 또한 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자로써 검토해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8367-8370
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• 2014

The relationship between caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer is controversial, although Cav-1 plays an important role in tumor metastasis. To evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of expression in patients with gastric cancer, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the impact on clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric cancer cases. Studies assessing these parameters for Cav-1 in gastric cancer were identified up to June 2014. Finally, a total of six studies met the inclusion criteria. Our combined results showed that Cav-1 expression was significantly associated with the Lauren classification (pooled OR=0.603, 95% CI: 0.381-0.953, P=0.030). Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 expression predicted a better overall survival in gastric cancer patients (pooled OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.360-0.970, P=0.038, fixed-effect). In conclusion, the overall data of the present meta analysis showed that Cav-1 expression was not correlated with clinicopathological features except for the Lauren classification. Simultaneously, Cav-1 overexpression predicted a better overall survival in gastric cancer. Cav-1 expression in tumors is a candidate positive prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer patients.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2009

목적: 원발성 위암 환자의 PET/CT 스캔에서 FDG 섭취에 영향을 주는 임상병리학적 및 면역조직화학적 지표들이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에 내원하여 수술 전 FDG PET/CT 스캔을 시행한 89명의 위암환자들을 대상으로 하였다. PET/CT 영상에서 원발 종양의 SUVmax를 구한 후 침범 깊이(T기),종양 크기, 림프절전이, 종양 분화, Lauren의 분류, Ki-67 지수, p53, EGFR, Cathepsin D, c-erb-B2. COX-2의 발현과 같은 임상병리학적 및 면역조직화학적 지표들과의 상관 관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 89예의 위암 중 19예에서는 PET/CT 영상에서 인지 가능한 FDG 섭취가 없었는데, 이 19예 중 16예는 원발 종양의 침범 깊이가 점막하 이내에 국한된 경우였다. 위암의 FDG섭취 정도는 T기가 T2 이상일 때가 T1일 때보다 유의하게 높았고($5.8{\pm}3.1$ vs. $3.7{\pm}2.1$, p=0.002), 위암의 크기가 3 cm 이상일 경우가 3 cm 미만일 경우보다 유의하게 높았다($5.7{\pm}3.2$ vs. $3.7{\pm}2.0$, p=0.002) Lauren의 분류에 따른 장형 위암에서 장형이 아닐 때보다 높은 SUVmax를 보였다($5.4{\pm}2.8$ vs. $3.7{\pm}1.3$, p=0.003). 원발 종양의 SUVmax는 p53 양성인 경우가 음성인 경우보다 의미 있게 높았다($6.0{\pm}2.8$ vs. $4.4{\pm}3.0$, p=0.035). 그 외 림프절 전이 유무, 종양 분화, Ki-67 지수, EGFR, Cathepsin D, c-erb-B2 그리고 COX-2 같은 다른 지표들은 원발성 위암의 SUVmax와 의미 있는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론: 원발성 위암의 침범 깊이(T기)는 FDG PET/CT 스캔에서의 위암 발견율에 영향을 주었다. 위암이 PET/CT스캔에서 인지 가능한 FDG 섭취를 보일 경우 T기, 종양의 크기, Lauren의 분류에 따른 조직형, 그리고 p53의 발현 정도는 원발성 위암의 FDG 섭취와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

Purpose: The p53 protein is a tumor supressor gene, and its mutation is associated with biologic aggressiveness. CD44v6, one of the CD44 family, is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is another recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53, CD44v6, and VEGF expressions to determine whether degree of expression was related to pathological parameters such as Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 125 gastric adenocarcinomas were done. Results: The overall expression rates of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were $54.4\%$ (68/125), $36.8\%$ (46/125), and $48.0\%$ (60/125), respectively. The p53, not CD44v6 and VEGF was higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas by Lauren's classification. The expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were statistically correlated with depth of tumor invasion. The expression of CD44v6 was higher in the lymph node metastatic group than in the negative group. The p53 expression was significantly associated with VEGF expression. Conclusions: These data suggest that the expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF are biologically related to malignancy. The p53 and CD44v6 expressions are independent; however, p53 gene mutation is one of the contributing factors to VEGF expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of survivin expression and the decrease or loss of KAI-1 on the clinical stage and the survival rate in gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: Expressions of survivin and KAI-1 were immunohistochemically determined in 40 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas. The survivin and KAI-1 expressions were also analyzed by using western blots in 14 cases among them. Results: Resected gastric cancer specimens from 40 patients (intestinal type: 15 cases and diffuse type: 25 cases) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Survivin protein expressions were significantly higher in diffuse types (P=0.03) and in advanced clinical stages (UICC TNM II and III, P=0.02). In contrast, a decrease or loss of KAI-1 expression had no statistically significant correlation with the Lauren classification or the clinical stage. Survivin protein positivity was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Decrease or loss of KAI-1 was associated with a shorter disease free survivial rate (P < 0.01). The western blot data (n=14) indicated that neither survivin protein over-expression nor KAI-1 down-expression had an significant correlation with the Lauren classification or the clinical stage. Conclusion: In gastric carcinomas, survivin over-expression and decrease or loss of KAI-1 were associated with unfavorable prognosis, being independent prognostic factors along with the clinical stage and the disease free survival rate.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of the large tumor suppressor (LATS) genes LATS1 and LATS2 by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer, and to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of LATS expression and its correlation with overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: LATS1 and LATS2 expression in a tissue microarray was detected by immunohistochemistry, using 264 gastric cancer specimens surgically resected between July 2006 and December 2009. Results: Low expression of LATS1 was significantly associated with more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.032), lymph node (LN) metastasis (P=0.040), perineural invasion (P=0.042), poor histologic grade (P=0.007), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P=0.033). Low expression of LATS2 was significantly correlated with older age (${\geq}65$, P=0.027), more advanced AJCC stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.001), LN metastasis (P=0.004), perineural invasion (P=0.004), poor histologic grade (P<0.001), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly poor OS rates in the groups with low LATS1 (P=0.037) and LATS2 (P=0.037) expression. Conclusions: Expression of LATS1 or LATS2 is a significant marker for a good prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2005

목적: 위암환자의 임상적 특성과 수술 전 혈중 pepsinogen I/II 비율의 결과를 비교 분석하여 위암 발생과 혈중 pepsinogen의 변화와의 관련성 및 혈중 pepsinogen의 위암 진단의 이용 가능성 여부를 밝히는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 대상 및 방법: 분당차병원에서 절제술을 받은 103명의 위선암 환자를 대상으로 수술 전 혈중 pepsinogen I과 II를 측정하고, 이 결과를 종양의 임상 및 조직학적 요소와 비교 분석하였다. 결과: Pepsinogen I/II 비율의 평균치는 mucinous type, 종양 주위에 위축이 있는 경우 및 종양이 큰 경우에 감소하였으며 종양주위에 위축이 있는 환자에서도 종양이 클수록 의미 있게 감소하였다. 암세포가 고분화를 보이는 환자가 인환세포암 환자에 비하여 pep I/II이 의미 있게 감소하였으나 종양의 위치,침윤도, 림프절 전이 여부 및 Lauren분류에 따른 종양의 아형은 pep I/II의 변화와 의미 있는 관련을 보이지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 혈중 pepsinogen과 점막위축 정도와의 연관성은 증명하였지만 이 결과만으로 pepsinogen과 위암의 전암 병소의 연관성이나 일차점진의 유용성을 논하기는 부족하다고 생각된다.