• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.159-172
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• 2007

For the study on the Latin American culture reflected in fashion designs since 2000, the applications of Latin American culture shown in the four major collections from 2000 S/S to 2005 F/W (110 pieces) and some African designers' collections (157 pieces) have been analyzed and compared in three categories - forms, patterns and accessories. First, in the formal application of traditional clothes, the traditional elements of Indio culture are utilized in both the four major collections (76.8%) and the Latin American designers' collection (77.1%). Quechquemitl, the traditional Indio clothes are utilized in various forms in the four major collections, while the Latin American designers adopt various forms of traditional clothes, such as quechquemitl, camisa and pollera. Second, in the textile design, the patterns from Indio's traditional textile design are utilized in both the four major collections (68.7%) and the Latin American designers's collections (5.6%). The remarkable difference between the Latin American designers and the western designers is that the former like to mix the simple and primitive Indio culture with the colorful Iberian culture, and to utilize various patterns of feather, which is an important symbol in the traditional culture, expressing tradition in the modern touch. On the other hand, the western designers change the primitive and handcraft feel of Indio patterns into colorful ones, or mix the colorful Spanish-style flower patterns with primitive and passionate feel. Third, simple and handcraft feel of Indio accessories are utilized in modern fashion in both the four major collections and the Latin American designers' collections. The most remarkable difference between the two group of designers' collections is that various feather patterns are used in Latin American designers' collection, while the accessories reminding of relics of Maya and Inca are widely used in the four major collections.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-119
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• 2008

The reluctance of Latin American countries to practice international arbitration is not a new topic in international law. This reluctance historically based on Calvo Doctrine provoked not only the absence of Latin American countries from the major international commercial arbitration conventions, but obsolete national arbitration legislation. Recently, however, these countries have undertaken major steps showing that the region is no longer reluctant to practice international commercial arbitration. Most Latin American countries have ratified the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards ("New York Convention"), the 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes ("Washington Convention") and the 1975 Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration ("Panama Convention"). The majority of Latin American countries have also modified and adapted their national legislation on arbitration to the UNCITRAL model law. Even judiciary has been following this pro-arbitration. This article will focus on some of these factors provoking the acceptance of international commercial arbitration in Latin America to trace the common trends and characteristics in an attempt to understand better how international arbitration set on its place firmly. For this purpose we selected five countries, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, to analyse legislations and jurisprudence. Latin America is ready to challenge any obstacles to promote arbitration as alternative methods of judicial resolution. There is an ever-increasing number of international arbitration in Latin America. Both practitioners and judiciary have shown desires to promote the resolution of disputes by arbitration and used the legal instruments to ensure that process interpreting and applying legislations for pro-arbitration. Even there remains Calvo Doctrine's culture in Latin America still now, it should be certain this culture will disappear from the conduct of international arbitration.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.2E
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

This paper proposes a modified method of Latin Hypercube sampling to reduce the variance of statistical parameters in uncertainty analysis of concrete structures. The proposed method is a modification of Latin Hypercube sampling method. This analysis method uses specifically modified tables of random permutations of ranked numbers. In addition, the Spearman coefficient is used to make modified tables. Numerical analysis is carried out to predict the uncertainty of axial shortening in prestressed concrete bridge. Statistical parameters obtained from modified Latin Hypercube sampling method and conventional Latin Hypercube sampling method are compared and evaluated by a numeric analysis. The results show that the proposed method results in a decrease in the variance of statistical parameters. This indicates the method is efficient and effective in the uncertainty analysis of complex structural system such as prestressed concrete bridges.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1995

When modeling a complicated system with a computer model, it is of vital importance to choos input values efficiently. The Latin Hypercube sampling (LHS) proposed by MaKay et al.(1979) has been most widely used for choosing input values for a computer model. We propose the two-stage Latin Hypercube sampling(TLHS) which is an improved version of the LHS for procucing input values in estimating the excectation of a function of the output variable. The proposed method is applied to simulation study of the performance of a printer actuator and it is shown to outperform the other sampling methods including the LHS in accuracy.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.385-415
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• 2013

Inter-regional free trade agreements (FTAs) - notably between Asia and Latin America - are growing in numbers and complexity. There is an absence of an agreed methodology for empirical assessments on the content of FTAs and little research. This paper proposes a framework to assess liberalization in FTAs in goods and services and new trade policy issues relating to regulatory barriers. Next, it applies this framework to studying the 22 Asia-Latin America FTAs in existence. The findings suggest that Asia-Latin American FTAs have laid the foundations for inter-regional integration by liberalizing the trade in goods and services and reducing some regulatory barriers. Deepening FTAs and adopting structural reforms will enhance Asia-Latin American integration in the future.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

In the past, trades with the Latin American markets were not active since the South Korean companies simply considered them substitute markets whenever exports were slow. However, the importance of these markets is highlighted anew thanks to the signing of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Presently, Latin American nations are pursuing FTA with various nations in the world, regardless of the geographic boundaries, in order to vitalize their economy and attract foreign capital. Despite these efforts to liberalize the market, Latin American regions continue to restrict importation by leveraging diverse set of trade regulation policies. This research examines trade regulation policies in the Latin American regions and proposes Korea's countermeasures.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

In the past, trades with the Latin American markets were not active since the South Korean companies simply considered them substitute markets whenever exports were slow. However, the importance of these markets is highlighted anew thanks to the signing of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Presently, Latin American nations are pursuing FTA with various nations in the world, regardless of the geographic boundaries, in order to vitalize their economy and attract foreign capital. Despite these efforts to liberalize the market, Latin American regions continue to restrict importation by leveraging diverse set of trade regulation policies. This research examines trade regulation policies in the Latin American regions and proposes Korea's countermeasures.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.613-631
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze costumes presented in international dance sports competitions, and summarize the features of Latin American dance costumes' design. As for research methods, standards of Latin American dance costume design were analyzed via a literature review on dance sports. The scope of the study extended for six years from 2010 to 2015 to include the, top three UK Latin American dance competitions. The results are as follows. First, the silhouette analysis determined that the X silhouette to the lead with, -145 costumes (78%), followed by the H silhouette at 25 (13%), and other at 16 (9%). Amongst those there were 174 one-piece dresses (94%). Furthermore, the analysis on colors of Latin American dance sports costumes revealed that, amongst the 186 costumes, 115 were without color (62%), Bl(black) is the most frequent with 37%, then Wh(white) with 21% and Gr(gray) with 4%. Costumes with colors, based on the six basic colors in the Munsell color system, are comprised most often of red with 12%, the followed by Y(yellow) at 10%, B(blue) at 8%, YR(yellow-red) at 4%, P(purple) at 2%, and G(green) at 2%. Thirdly, the cloth materials of Latin American dance costumes are recognized through image inspection. Among visually recognizable materials, beading materials are the most common with 104 costumes (60%). Shiny materials like mesh, chiffon, organza, lace and burn-out are in 36 costumes in total (19%). Other cloth materials included Luster materials and; non-sheen materials, which were in 46 costumes (25%).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5D
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• pp.623-631
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• 2011

In this study, a new method which can detect incidents in interrupted traffic flow was suggested. The applied method of detecting the incident is the Latin Square Analysis Method by using traffic traits. In the Latin Square Analysis, unlike other previously tried methods, the traffic situation was analyzed, this time considering the changes in traffic traits for each lane and for each time period. The data used in this study were the data observed in the actual field with fine weather. The traffic volumes, the vehicle speed and the occupancy rate were collected on the interrupted flow road. The data were collected in normal and incident situations. The incidents occurred on the second lane, the time of persistent incidents was set to 10 minutes. The Latin Square Analyses were performed using the collected data with the traffic volume, with the vehicle speed or with the occupancy rate. As a result in this study, in case of detecting the traffic situations with Latin Square Analysis, it will be more successful to apply traffic volume to detect the traffic situations than to apply other factors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2007

This study analyzes the Asian, African and Latin American cultural hybrids in modem fashion, and offers a direction for desirable cultural hybrids in modem fashion. First, the cultural hybrids have been considered in two aspect: global hybrids and structural hybrids. Second, the trends of Asian, African and Latin American cultural hybrids have been interpreted differently depending on the cultural backgrounds of each area. However, the cultural hybrid representing the change of tradition in Asia, Africa and Latin America is a common trend, and is used to describe the social changes. Third, this study examines the global hybrid trend in modem fashion based on the hybrid trend of Asian, African and Latin American culture found in the four major collections from 2000 S/S to 2005 F/W. Until recently, the exotic images have been determined in the viewpoint of Western world, and utilization by the world-renowned designers in the four major collections plays the major role in converting the regional cultural elements into global ones. Fourth, this study also examines the structural hybrids in modem fashion based on the hybrid trend found in Asian, African and Latin American designer collections between 2000 S/S and 2005 F/W. The works which are connected to the world trend, but are also rooted from the cultural and regional traditions demonstrate the globalization of the Asian, African and Latin American fashion. Fashion is a messenger of a culture, and its importance as a symbol of a cultural trend is growing.