• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2009

A key parameter in the design of a laterally loaded pile is the determination of its performance level. Performance level of a pile is usually expressed as the maximum head deflection and bending moment. In general, uncertainties in the performance of a pile originates from many factors such as inherent variability of soil properties, inadequate soil exploration programs, errors taking place in the determination of soil parameters, limited calculation models as well as uncertainties in loads. This makes it difficult for practicing engineers to decide for the reliability of laterally loaded piles both in cohesive and cohesionless soils. In this paper, limit state functions and consequent performance functions are obtained for single concrete piles to predict the maximum bending moment, a widely accepted design criterion along with the permissible pile head displacement. Analyses were made utilizing three dimensional finite element method and soil-structure-interaction (SSI) effects were accounted for.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

널말뚝을 해안지역이나 도심지역에 건설하는 경우 주변에 위치한 횡방향 재하 말뚝의 영향권 내에 존재하게 되는 경우가 발생하게 되지만, 기존 설계방법에서는 이러한 영향에 대하여 고려하고 있지 않다. 본 연구를 통해 말뚝에 횡방향 하중이 재하되는 경우 근접한 널말뚝에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 상용프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 3차원 유한요소 모델을 만들었으며 지반 구성모델로는 Drucker-Prager 모델, 널말뚝과 말뚝은 선형탄성으로 거동하도록 모사하였다. 널말뚝의 휨강성, 말뚝과 널말뚝 간의 거리, 굴착깊이, 그리고 지반의 탄성계수 등 총 4가지 변수들을 사용하여 횡방향 재하 말뚝이 주변 널말뚝에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 널말뚝에 발생하는 최대 횡방향 변위 및 휨모멘트를 측정할 수 있는 간단한 식을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2010

In this study, the pressuremeter test (PMT) and the standard penetration test (SPT) were performed on the lateral pile loading tests site to evaluate the coefficient of subgrade reaction, which is used for load-deformation behavior analysis of laterally loaded piles by elastic subgrade reaction method. As a result, widely used empirical formulas of the coefficient of subgrade reaction by N values of SPT is evaluated conservatively lateral behavior of piles. While the method of directly used PMT results and evaluation method of the coefficient of subgrade reaction considering deformation moduli of soil and a pile diameter that is able to estimate very similar to actual load-deformation behavior of laterally loaded piles in deformation range of 0.5%-1.0% of a pile diameter.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.253-260
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• 2000

Pile foundations have been widely used in civil engineering construction for many years. Structures subjected to large lateral loads usually have pile foundations as shallow foundations cannot sometimes support the moments on these structure. The purpose of this paper is to propose the p - multiplier factor (P$\sub$M/) based on the characteristics of behavior of laterally loaded group pile in homogeneous sand. For this, a series of model tests are performed and the composite analytical method proposed by author is used to the propose P$\sub$M/. Based on the model test results of the large number of laterally loaded group piles, p - multiplier factors for homogeneous sand are proposed by back analysis under various condition of soil density, spacing-to-diameter ratio of pile, number of pile, and spacing-to-diameter of pile. P - multiplier approach provides a simple but sufficient tool for characterizing the shadowing group effects of laterally loaded group pile.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

Optimum shape and length of laterally loaded piles can be obtained with different optimization techniques. In particular, the Fully Stress Design method (FSD) is an optimality condition that allows to obtain the optimum shape of the pile, while the optimum length can be obtained through a transversality condition at the pile lower end. Using this technique, the structure is analysed by finite elements and shaped through the FSD method by contemporarily checking that the transversality condition is satisfied. In this paper it is noted that laterally loaded piles with optimum shape and length have some peculiar characteristics, depending on the type of cross-section, that allow to design them with simple calculations without using finite element analysis. Some examples illustrating the proposed simplified design method of laterally loaded piles with optimum shape and length are introduced.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2C호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

말뚝에 작용하는 다양한 하중 및 현장시험결과를 통해 얻은 특정한 p-y 곡선을 적용하기에 적합한 횡방향말뚝 해석기법을 구축하였다. 구축된 해석기법을 다양한 문제에 적용하여 그 신뢰성을 검증하고 해석에서 고려한 인자들이 해석결과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석기법 적용시 절점간 거리가 말뚝지름의 1/2 정도일 때 해의 정확도가 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 해석기법 적용을 통해 과다한 변위에 대해 안전한 말뚝길이 결정문제와 자립길이를 갖는 말뚝에 대하여 축력에 의한 좌굴을 검토해 보았다. 또한 옹벽 하부구조물로서의 말뚝의 말뚝머리 구속조건에 따른 해석결과를 비교하여 보았다. 개발된 해석기법은 상용 프로그램을 적용하는데 비해 해석자의 의도에 보다 적합한 유연한 해석수단이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.679-703
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• 2014

This paper investigates nonlinear response of 51 laterally loaded rigid piles in sand. Measured response of each pile test was used to deduce input parameters of modulus of subgrade reaction and the gradient of the linear limiting force profile using elastic-plastic solutions. Normalised load - displacement and/or moment - rotation curves and in some cases bending moment and displacement distributions with depth are provided for all the pile tests, to show the effect of load eccentricity on the nonlinear pile response and pile capacity. The values of modulus of subgrade reaction and the gradient of the linear limiting force profile may be used in the design of laterally loaded rigid piles in sand.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2012

The available analytical methods of analysis for laterally loaded piles in level ground cannot be directly applied to such piles in sloping ground. With the commercially available software, the simulation of the appropriate field condition is a challenging task, and the results are subjective. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the process of development of a user-framed numerical formulation, which may be used easily as per the specific site conditions without depending on other indirect methods of analysis as well as on the software. In the present study, a detailed three-dimensional finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of laterally loaded piles in sloping ground developing the 18 node triangular prism elements. An application of the numerical formulation has been illustrated for the pile located at the crest of the slope and for the pile located at some edge distance from the crest. The specific examples show that at any given depth, the displacement and bending moment increase with an increase in slope of the ground, whereas they decrease with increasing edge distance.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권1호통권31호
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• pp.94-104
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the performance of axially of laterally loaded piles experimentaly, pile load tests can be carried out at the site Otherwise stress analyses or subgrade reaction analyses can solve the problem. In this study, stress analysis using FLAC code and subgrade reaction analyses using load transfer curves recommended by API(1993) were performed consistently on the basis of a result of site investigations, and the result of analyses was compared with the measured. As a result the behavior of pile heads was analyzed accurately for both axially and laterally loaded tests. Furthermore axially transferred loads were calculated appropriately for the measured and axial loads were transferred mainly mainly by the frictional resistance rather than by the tip resistance. Consequently, it can be commented that both analysis methods of soil-pile systems are applicable at teh objective site and that solutions may be more accurate if material properties from the site investigation are more explicit.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 횡방향 하중을 받는 말뚝의 해석 해를 유도하고 그로부터 말뚝의 거동분석과 더불어 긴 말뚝으로의 거동기준이 되는 임계 말뚝길이(critical pile length)를 지반조건을 달리하여 구하고 비교 분석하였다. 또한 해석 해에 의한 말뚝의 거동과 p-y곡선을 적용한 수치해석을 통해 말뚝의 거동을 비교분석하였다. 해석 해에 따르면 밀도를 달리한 지반조건에 대해 무차원 임계 말뚝길이는 해석에서 고려한 세 가지 말뚝머리 경계조건에 있어 2.3~3.2 사이였다. 해석 해에 의한 결과와 수치해석에 의한 결과를 비교하면 말뚝길이에 따른 말뚝의 변형과 모멘트 분포양상은 유사하였다. 말뚝머리 변형량은 해석에 의한 경우가 수치해석에 의한 경우보다 보수적인 값을 보여주었으며 휨모멘트의 값은 해석에 의한 값과 수치해석에 의한 값 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.