• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify any differential point in computerized tomographic[CT] findings between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[ASAH] and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage[TSAH], which sometimes make us not confident in differentiation. Methods : CT of 142 ASAH and 82 TSAH patients over the last 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the thickness of SAH, the laterality of sylvian cisternal hemorrhage, the location, the number of involved cisterns, and the associated other lesions between two types of SAH. Results : Suprasellar cisterns and sylvian cisterns were most prominently and frequently involved cisterns in ASAH but cortical sulci and sylvian cisterns were most frequently involved in TSAH. Intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage were frequently seen in ASAH. Thickness of SAH over 1mm, bilateral sylvian SAH, multiple cisternal SAH were in favor of ASAH. The number of involved cisterns were more frequently seen in ASAH than in TSAH. In ASAH, bilateral sylvian hemorrhages were more frequently seen than in TSAH. Skull fracture, subdural hematoma, subgaleal hematoma, and hemorrhagic contusion were frequently associated with TSAH. Conclusion : As a result of our study, the authors conclude that when IVH, hydrocephalus, thick SAH > 1mm bilateral sylvian SAH, and multiple cisternal SAH are seen in CT, immediate angiography should be performed to rule out cerebral aneurysms whether associated with other traumatic lesions or not.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2017

The steering wheel of a vehicle has a typical characteristic of automatically returning to its neutral state when the driver releases it. Steering returnability originated from the tire forces and kingpin moments. It is proportional to the reaction torque that is generated through the rack and column, which are dependent on suspension and steering geometry. It is also important to accurately predict and design it because steering returnability is related to steering performance. In this study, a detailed multibody dynamics model of a vehicle was designed by using ADAMS/Car and simulated for steering returnability. In addition, a tolerance analysis of the chassis system in terms of part dimension and properties has been performed in order to minimize the design parameters. The sensitivity of the selected design parameters was then analyzed via Design of Experiments(DOE). As a result, we were able to obtain the main parameters through a contribution analysis. It can be used to predict steering returnability and improve its performance, which is represented by the angle of restoration and laterality.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2004

Authors investigated whether there is a lateral effect of $^1$H MRS observable metabolite ratios between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side in the early stage of Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom. Localized in vivo $^1$H MR spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure the metabolite levels in the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic sides of the lentiform nucleus in Parkinson"s disease with unilateral symptom (N=25). The metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the symptomatic side were compared with those in the nonsymptomatic side. Significant metabolic lateral effect of NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratio was established between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side of lentiform nucleus in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom (p<0.05). The ratio of NAA/(Cho+Cr) homolateral to the sympatomatic side of the patient is also lower than that of the control (P<0.05). On the basis of NAA/Cr ratios of lentiform nucleus between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side, the present $^1$H MRS study shows a significant neuronal laterality in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom. In vivo $^1$H MRS may provide a diagnostic marker for neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2861-2866
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• 2016

It is thought that population characteristics of breast cancer may be due to a variation in the frequency of different alleles of genes such as CYP1B1. We aimed to determine the association of CYP1B1 polymorphisms in 200 breast cancer cases and 40 controls by PCR-RFLP. Frequencies were assessed with clinical and risk factors in Egyptian patients. The genotype LV and the Leu allele frequencies for patients and controls were 42.9% and 50%, and 52.9% and 53.3%, respectively), with no significant differences observed (P values = 0.8 and 0.6, respectively). There was also no significant association between genotypes and any risk factors for cases (P>0.05) except laterality and metastasis of the tumor (P values=0.006 and 0.06, respectively). The CYP1B1 polymorphism Val432Leu was not associated with breast cancer in Egypt, but may provide clues for future studies into early detection of the disease.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2021

Background: The body schema, which is constantly updated using somatosensory information, enables accurate movement. Since pain is reported as a possible source to alter the body schema, the left right judgement test (LRJT) has been widely used in the pain rehabilitation. However, there was a lack of consistency in the effect of the pain on the LRJT results, and for the effect of the LRJT as a part of intervention programs for pain patients. The deeper understand of the LRJT is necessary for better reproducibility, and to expand the therapeutic applications of the LRJT in the pain and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Objects: This literature review aimed to understand the LRJT and to study the potential of the LRJT for therapeutic applications. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for studies relevant to LRJT. To establish the query set, the term was regarded from various perspectives. Results: The selected studies were classified into three categories: LRJT development, factors influencing LRJT, and therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Left right judgement test is the evaluation tool for the integrity of body schema as well as a tool for implicit motor imagery. Pain, proprioception, and other factors influence the performance of the LRJT.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2022

Purpose: To determine the incidence and risk factors of postoperative infection after cranioplasty in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Data of 289 adult patients who underwent cranioplasty after TBI at a single regional trauma center between year 2018 and 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and various procedural variables, such as interval between craniectomy and cranioplasty, estimated blood loss, laterality and materials of the bone flap, and duration and classification of perioperative antibiotics usage were analyzed. Results: Postoperative infection occurred in 17 patients (5.9%). Onset time of infectious symptom ranged from 9 days to 174 days (median, 24 days) after cranioplasty. The most common cultured organism was Staphylococcus aureus (47.1%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17.6%). Patients with postoperative infection were more likely to have diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92-25.21; P=0.003), lower body mass index (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98; P=0.029), and shorter duration of perioperative antibiotics (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98; P=0.026). Conclusions: For TBI patients with diabetes, poor nutritional status should be managed cautiously for increased risk of infection after cranioplasty. Further studies and discussions are needed to determine an appropriate antibiotics protocol in cranioplasty.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is designed in order to evaluate oriental medical treatment of deveation of the eye and mouth caused trauma. Methods : The authors observed patient by Yanagihara's unweighted grading system for operated acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine treatment and physiotherapy. Conclusion : 1. Deveation of the eye and mouth is caused by trauma ; intra cranial trauma, intra temporal bone trauma, extra, temporal bone trauma, etc. Cardinal symptom is palsy of Facial muscle, slobbering, articulation disorder, epiphora, ear pain, hyperacusis, laterality hypogeusia. 2. Deveation of the eye and mouth patient by Lt. temporal bone Fx. is seen evaluate of Yanagihara's total score ; from S to 35. 3. Deveation of the eye and mouth patient by facial nerve inhury is seen evaluate of Yanagihara's total score ; from 10 to 30. 4. Traumatic Deveation of the eye and mouth patient evaluate by oriental medical treatmend ; acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine treatment and physiotherapy. This is based on sil(賞) of stomach channel of foot yangming & larhe intestine channel of hand Yangming.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8395-8400
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• 2014

In Saudi Arabia, cancer of breast is ranked the most frequent neoplasm and second source of cancer death in the female population. Breast cancer (BC) fast diagnosis, prognosis and medication management necessitate, these days, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment of hormone receptors and HER2 expression profile. The present report defines the IHC profile of ER, PR and HER2 in Saudi female breast neoplasms of ductal and lobular types and associations ER, PR and HER2 expression patterns with various clinicopathological factors (age, type of tumor, size, laterality, histological grade, and involvement of axillaries lymph nodes). Ninety nine cases of breast tumors were recruited from the pathology department archive of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ER, PR and HER2 expression was assessed using IHC staining. Ductal carcinomas with a variety of histological grades constituted 88 (88.8%) of total cases. Seventy four (77.8%), 59 (62.1%), and 35 (36.8%) of ductal carcinomas showed positive staining for ER, PR and HER2, in that order. Remaining breast cancer cases were four (4%) lobular carcinomas and two (2%) mixed form of ductal and lobular types, which were ER+, PR+, and HER2-. Breast cancer expression pattern of ER, PR and HER2 in Saudi female is different from that of Tunisian and Jordanian female populations and closer to the expression pattern of Egyptian, Lebanese, Iraqi and western country females. Furthermore, the present study found two IHC patterns of breast cancer ER+/PR-/HER2+ (5%) and ER+/PR-/HER2- (11.1%), which had not been reported in other Arabic studies. Thus the rates of IHC expression patterns in breast cancer show some variation among Arabic female populations.