• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.803-812
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) automatic calibration algorithm with multi-objective functions by Python, and to evaluate the applicability by applying the algorithm to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed modeling. The study area is the upstream watershed of Gongdo observation station of Anseongcheon watershed ($364.8km^2$) and the daily observed streamflow data from 2000 to 2015 were used. The PSO automatic algorithm calibrated SWAT streamflow by coefficient of determination ($R^2$), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ($NSE_Q$), and especially including $NSE_{INQ}$ (Inverse Q) for lateral, base flow calibration. The results between automatic and manual calibration showed $R^2$ of 0.64 and 0.55, RMSE of 0.59 and 0.58, $NSE_Q$ of 0.78 and 0.75, and $NSE_{INQ}$ of 0.45 and 0.09, respectively. The PSO automatic calibration algorithm showed an improvement especially the streamflow recession phase and remedied the limitation of manual calibration by including new parameter (RCHRG_DP) and considering parameters range.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2001

The in vitro plantlets of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. MColl 22) could be regenerated from nodal explant cultures in a liquid MS basal medium containing 0.01 mg/L zeatin for 2 weeks. The plantlets of 1.5∼2.5 cm in shoot length were transplanted to a glass bottle containing fine sand and acclimated under non-sterile conditions after excising their intact roots by: 1) prune leaving roots base of 1∼1.5 cm; 2) complete removal of roots; and 3) cutting off the rooting zone. The majority of in vitro-formed intact roots continued growth after transferred to soil, and all of the damaged roots stopped further growth. The plantlets with excised roots began to develop new roots within 7∼10 days after being transferred to a glass bottle, and a few of the pruned roots developed lateral roots from the remaining portion. Pruning and removal of in vitro roots resulted in a high survival rate (>87%), and did not significantly affect ex vitro root regeneration and acclimation, but the plantlets in which the rooting zone had been cut-off showed 73% survival rate. Pruning or removal of in vitro roots before transfer of plantlets is recommended for useful method of commercial micropropagation because of easier handling and high survival rate of plantlets.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

It is known that the content of asparagine, an excellent detoxifying substance of alcohols in human body, is the highest in the roots of soy-sprout. At the same time, it is inferred that soy-sprouts producing more roots are better for detoxifying. In this experiment, the effects of room temperatures on number of watering per day, and duration of soy-sprout culture were carefully investigated. Some of the results obtained are as follows; 1. The yield rate of soy-sprouts for Agakong and Pungsannamulkong was continuously increased up to 9 days. It was higher in room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ than in $20^{\circ}C$ and was the highest at 8th day of culture with 5 times of watering per day. 2. The asparagine content in soy-sprouts of Agakong and Pungsannamulkong was the highest in cotyledon and the lowest in roots. This rate was higher in the room temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ than in $30^{\circ}C$. 3. The highest asparagine content of soy-sprout of Agakong was 18.9%, obtained in the room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, cultivated for 8 days with 5 times of watering per day. 4. The highest asparagine content of Pungsannamulkong was 18.8%, obtained in hypocotyl cultivated in the room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 days with the number of 2 times watering per day. 5. When an cultivation apparatus of 5 liters volume was used, the optimum seed amount for the highest yield rate was 300g for Agakong and 500g for Pungsannamulkong. At the same time, the number of lateral roots showed increasing tendency with more amounts of soybean seeds used.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2024

Recently, several attempts have been made to integrate AI into the field of dentistry. To overcome the limitations of traditional fixed prosthetic fabrication methods such as CAD-CAM (computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing), AI programs are being developed for automated crown fabrication, and various studies are underway to applicate in clinical situation. In these case studies, single-unit fixed prostheses were fabricated using an AI program (Dentbird Crown, Imagoworks Inc, Seoul, Korea) in both the anterior and posterior regions and the fabrication time and accuracy were compared with previously used CAD-CAM method. The first case is a 44-year-old woman who presented for re-fabrication of a zirconia prosthesis due to a prosthesis fracture on the lingual side of the upper right lateral incisor. The second case is a 53-year-old male patient who presented for a crown restoration on an upper left first molar following root canal treatment, where he received a final zirconia restoration. In both cases, the first prosthesis was designed manually using a CAD program, the second prosthesis was designed using AI alone, and the third prosthesis was designed using AI and then modified by CAD program, and the three designs were superimposed to compare suitability. When evaluated after temporary placement, the final prosthesis demonstrates adequate stability, retention and support, resulting in functional and esthetic satisfaction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to determined the optimum planting density for the production of high quality bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) adapted in spring cultivation with the unheated greenhouse condition. 'Erave' variety was planted at three different planting densities (235, 305, $380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) on March 26. The training method was six lateral vines with pinching the main one. The light intensity was lower in the higher planting density than the lower one. Net photosynthetic rates of the bitter gourd leaves in the higher density were significantly lower (41 to 71%) than the lower one. There was no difference in the fruit characteristics among treatments. But the root weight was heavier in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as 113.1g than 96.0g of the higher planting density ($380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). The number of the harvested fruit also higher in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) with 60.7 than 39.9 of the higher planting density ($380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). The average fruit weight was the highest in the plot of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ as 338.7g and lowest in the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as 285.2g. The total yield of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ density was $5,359kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$, which was higher than $4,068kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ of the lower planting density ($235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). Marketable yield was increased by 24% in the planting density of $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($4,767kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) as compared to the lower density in $235plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($3,629kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) and increased by 13% in the planting density as $380plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$($4,137kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$). Therefore, the planting density of bitter gourd was desirable in $305plants{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ density for the higher yield and quality in the protected cultivation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that causes multiple birth defects and mental retardation. Mutation of the lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) gene is the primary cause of Kabuki syndrome. We report a 4-year-old Korean girl diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome based on distinctive facial features (eversion of the lower lateral eyelid, arched eyebrows, depressed nasal tip, prominent ears), skeletal anomalies, short stature, and molecular analysis, which revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the KMT2D gene. A 4-year-old patient had a past history of congenital cardiac malformations (coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus), subclinical hypothyroidism and dysmorphic features at birth including webbed neck, short fingers, high arched palate, micrognathia and horseshoe kidney. She showed unique facial features such as a long palpebral fissure, long eyelashes, arched eyebrows with sparseness of the lateral third, broad nasal root, anteverted ears, and small mouth. Her facial features suggested Kabuki syndrome, and genetic analysis discovered a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (c.4379dup, p.Leu1461Thrfs*30) in exon 15 of the KMT2D gene. The diagnosis of our 4-year-old patient was made through thorough physical examination and history taking, and genetic testing. It is challenging to diagnose patients with Kabuki syndrome at birth, since the characteristic facial features are expressed gradually during growth. Clinical suspicion aroused by regular follow-ups may lead to earlier diagnosis and interventions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.560-569
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• 1999

Blood supply rather than nerve supply implies pulp vitality. To evaluate pulp vitality clinically, electric pulp test and thermal test which are based on sensory nerve response have been used in addition to many auxiliary data such as past dental history, visual inspection, radiographic examination, percussion, palpation and transillumination test. However, reactivity of the nerves to the stimulation is not synonymous with normalcy. Therefore measurement of pulpal blood flow using a laser Doppler flowmeter became a new trial to test the pulp vitality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate normal pulpal blood flow level of maxillary teeth in adult to provide a guideline in determining the vitality of dental pulp. Pulpal blood flow was measured in maxillary central and lateral incisors, canines, first and second premolars and first molars of seventy nine adults of 22 - 30 years old using a laser Doppler flowmeter (PeriFlux 4001, Perimed Co., Stockholm, Sweden, 780 nm infrared laser, 1mW). For directly-made splints, silicone rubber impressions were taken directly from the mouth. For indirectly-made splints, alginate impressions were taken from the mouth and stone cast were made. After making depressions on the buccal surfaces of the cast teeth to indicate the hole positions, second impressions with vinyl polysyloxane putty were taken from the cast. Holes for the laser probes were made at the putty impressions 4mm above the gingival level. Laser probe (PF416 dental probe, 1.5mm) was inserted in the prepared hole and the splint was set in the mouth. After 10 minutes of patient relaxing, pulpal blood flow was recorded for 5 minutes on each tooth. The recorded flow was saved in the computer and calculated with a software 'Perisoft' version 5.1. Pulpal blood flow was also recorded in six teeth of five individuals with no response to electric pulp test and cold test, with periapical radiolucency, or with history of root canal treatment to compare with nonvital teeth. The difference between the mean flow values of each group of teeth were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results were as follows: 1. The average pulpal blood flow values of all the tested teeth of each location were between 9 - 16 Perfusion Unit. Pulpal blood flow value was highest in maxillary lateral incisors, followed by first premolars, second premolars, canines, central incisors, and then first molars (p<0.01). 2. In six anterior teeth, indirectly-made splint group showed higher pulpal blood flow values than directly-made splint group (p<0.01). In posterior teeth, however, there was no significant flow value difference between directly-made splint group and indirectly-made splint one (p>0.05). 3. Teeth with vital pulps showed higher signal values than teeth with nonvital pulps (p<0.01), and the flow photographs showed heartbeat-synchronous fluctuations and vasomotions, while those were absent in non vital tooth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1974

1. In the comparison of survival ratio among three different methods(bark graft, veneer graft, root graft), bark graft showed the highest survival ratio and root graft was the lowest. It was shown to be significant at the level of 5% in the analysis of variance for the results. It was able to be supposed that one of the main causes for the results was the different amounts of ferric tannic acid which was formated owing to the reaction of grafting knife with tannic acid oozing from cutting faces of the tree. In juvenile tissue graft, the survival ratio of inverted radicle graft was a little higher than that of juvenile stem graft, but there was no significant difference between two methods in analysis of variance. 2. The most hairs of chestnut tree leaves were recognized as stellates on the most part of leaves except for venation. The number of rays in the stellates was ranged from 4 to 8 generally. It was shown to be highly significant differences at the level of 1% among the each race growing at the similar environmental condition in the length of ray and the distributed ratio of the stellates having different ray number. 3. Excepting for the basal width of serration there were no significant differences between $Imakita_1$, $Imakita_2$ as well as between $Teteuchi_1$, $Teteuchi_2$ at the each point of experimental items in this study. Such results made this study more useful. 4. Among the races that were growing in the similar environmental condition, there were highly significant differences at the level of 1% in the length and the width of serration. 5. The rolling of hair, the angle of serration from the leaf margin, the existence of lateral vein in the serration, the intrusion of main vein into the serration and the width of main vein were observed to be somewhat useful as the subsidiary methods for the identification of chestnut races.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.477-481
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• 2004

In bean sprout culture water imbibition and benzyladenopurine (BA) treatment are done at the same time. The study was carried out to check the effect of treatment period (3, 5, and 7 hours) on growth of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts and to analyse its absorption amount on the base of their moisture content. The 3 cultivar seeds were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 3 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days. The sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm < 4cm, and non-germination, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. The cultivar Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm hypocotyls of the three cultivars but the lowest one in shorter than 4cm. Rates of the above 4 categories in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu showed no significant difference between the treatment periods while one of longer than 7cm hypocotyls in cv. Zhong Lu1 was decreased with longer treatment period. Lateral roots were less formed with longer treatment period, especially as lengthened from 3 to 5 hours. Hypocotyl and root were also lengthened with longer treatment period and hypocotyl was more thickened in 5 hour treatment period than in the two others. Total fresh and dry weights per sprout showed no significant difference between treatment periods although cv. Zhong Lu1 relatively faster grew than the other cultivars. In the case of shorter than 5hour treatment periods the absorption amount of BA was the greatest in cv. Zhong Lu1 but in 7 hour treatment period it was the greatest in cv. Keumseongnogdu and Zhong Lu 1.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

The biopolymer (BP) used in this study is mainly composed of xanthan gum and ${\beta}$-glucan derived from microorganism and has been introduced as a novel material for soil stabilization. However, the broad applicability of BP has been suggested in the field of geotechnical engineering while little information is available about the effects of BP on the vegetation. The goal of this study is to find the BP effects on the growth of Camelina sativa L. (Camelina) under drought condition. For more thorough evaluation of BP effects on the plant growth, we examined not only morphological but also physiological traits and gene expression patterns. After 25 days of drought treatment from germination in the soil amended with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% BP, we observed that the BP concentration was strongly correlated the growth of Camelina. When plants were grown under drought stress, Camelina in 0.5% BP mixture showed better physiological parameters of the leaf stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage and relative water content compared to those in control soil without BP. Plant recovery rate after re-watering was higher and the development of lateral root was lower in BP amended soil. RNA expression of Camelina leaf treated with/without drought for 7 and 10 days showed that aquaporin genes transporting solutes at bio-membrane, CsPIP1;4, 2;1, 2;6 and TIP1;2, 2;1, were induced more in the plants with BP amendment and drought treatment. These results suggest that the soil amended with BP has a positive effect on the transport of nutrients and waters into Camelina by improving water retention in soil under drought condition.