• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.756-759
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• 2004

We present a piezoelectric actuator using stiffness control and stroke amplification mechanism in order to make large lateral displacement. In this work, we suggest stiffness control approach that generates lateral displacement by increasing the vertical stiffness and reducing the lateral stiffness using additional structure. In addition, an additional structure of a serpentine spring amplifies the lateral displacement like leverage structure. The suggested lateral PZT actuator (bellows actuator) consists of serpentine spring and PZT/electrode layer which is located at the edge of the serpentine spring. The edge of the serpentine spring prevents the vertical motion of PZT layer, while the other edge of the serpentine spring makes stroke amplification like leverage structure. We have determined dimensions of the bellows actuator using ANSYS simulation. Length, width and thickness of PZT layer are 135$\mu$m, 20$\mu$m and 0.4$\mu$m, respectively. Dimensions of the silicon serpentine spring are thickness of 25$\mu$m, length of 300$\mu$m, and width of 5$\mu$m. The bellows actuator has been fabricated by SOI wafer with 25$\mu$m-top silicon and 1$\mu$m-buried oxide layer. The bellows actuator shows the maximum 3.93$\pm$0.2$\mu$m lateral displacement at 16V with 1Hz sinusoidal voltage input. In the frequency response test, the fabricated bellows actuator showed consistent displacement from 1Hz to 1kHz at 10V. From experimental study, we found the bellows actuator using thin film PZT and silicon serpentine spring generated mainly laterally displacement not vertical displacement at 16V, and serpentine spring played role of stroke amplification.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1569-1582
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• 2015

This study explores the lateral deflections of diagonal braces in concentrically-braced earthquake-resisting frames. The performance of this widely-used system is often compromised by the flexural buckling of slender braces in compression. In addition to reducing the compressive resistance, buckling may also cause these members to undergo sizeable lateral deflections which could damage surrounding structural components. Different approaches have been used in the past to predict the mid-length lateral deflections of cyclically loaded steel braces based on their theoretical deformed geometry or by using experimental data. Expressions have been proposed relating the mid-length lateral deflection to the axial displacement ductility of the member. Recent experiments were conducted on hollow and concrete-filled circular hollow section (CHS) braces of different lengths under cyclic loading. Very slender, concrete-filled tubular braces exhibited a highly ductile response, undergoing large axial displacements prior to failure. The presence of concrete infill did not influence the magnitude of lateral deflection in relation to the axial displacement, but did increase the number of cycles endured and the maximum axial displacement achieved. The corresponding lateral deflections exceeded the deflections observed in the majority of the previous experiments that were considered. Consequently, predictive expressions from previous research did not accurately predict the mid-height lateral deflections of these CHS members. Mid-length lateral deflections were found to be influenced by the member non-dimensional slenderness (${\bar{\lambda}}$) and hence a new expression was proposed for the lateral deflection in terms of member slenderness and axial displacement ductility.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.285-302
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• 2017

Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are commonly used as the lateral force-resisting systems in building structures in the seismic regions. The nearly-symmetric hysteretic response and the delayed brace core fracture of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) under the axial cyclic loading provide the adequate lateral force and deformation capacity to BRBFs under the earthquake excitation. However, the smaller axial stiffness of BRBs result in the undesirable higher residual drift response of BRBFs in the post-earthquake scenario. Two alternative approaches are investigated in this study to improve the elastic axial stiffness of BRBs, namely, (i) by shortening the yielding cores of BRBs; and (ii) by reducing the BRB assemblies and adding the elastic brace segments in series. In order to obtain the limiting yielding core lengths of BRBs, a modified approach based on Coffin-Manson relationship and the higher mode compression buckling criteria has been proposed in this study. Both non-linear static and dynamic analyses are carried out to analytically evaluate the seismic response of BRBFs fitted with short-core BRBs of two medium-rise building frames. Analysis results showed that the proposed brace systems are effective in reducing the inter-story and residual drift response of braced frames without any significant change in the story shear and the displacement ductility demands.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.337-348
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• 1998

Since 1970s, though many effective construction methods have been established to solve soft ground problems which had occurred in the off shore land reclamation and on shore highway construction, lateral movement of structure on soft ground is still a big problem to engineers. In this study an applicability of criteria for determining the lateral movement of the structure in soft ground is examined and most measured data is obtained from 140 bridge abutments in highway construction sites. Characteristics and effectiveness of existing methods that used for deciding amount of lateral movements of abutment are analyzed using the obtained data. From the analysis, a proper method to prevent lateral movement is proposed. This method is confirmed on several case histories which were constructed on marine clay.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

This study investigates a rocking seismic isolation (RSI) system as a seismic protection measure against narrow-band ground-motions generated by earthquakes. Structures supported over RSIs are considered capable of reducing the lateral demands and damage of the main structural system through lifting and rocking. This lifting and rocking during earthquake activity is provided by free-standing columns. A single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system supported on a RSI system is subjected to narrow-band seismic motions and its response is compared to an analog system without RSI. The comparison is then extended to reinforced concrete linear frames with and without RSI; three-bay frames with 11 and 17 storeys are considered. It is found that the RSI systems significantly reduce acceleration and displacement demands in the main structural frames, more noticeably if the first structural mode dominates the response and for ratios of the predominant frequency of the ground motion to the predominant frequency of the main frame near one. It is also found that the RSI system is more effective in reducing lateral accelerations and displacements of the main structure when the aspect ratio, b/h, and size, R, of the free-standing columns decrease, although the rocking stability of the RSI system is also reduced.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2017

기존 흙막이 공법을 개선함으로, 자립이 가능하게 IER공법이 개발되었다. IER 공법의 안정성은 실내모형실험과 현장실험을 통해서 확인되었다. 특히, 점토지반에서의 실내모형실험의 결과 상당한 변위 감소효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 IER을 점토지반에 실제 적용하여 계측데이터를 수집하였으며, 이것을 이용하여 연약점토지반에서의 적용성에 대해 분석하였다. 그리고 수치해석을 통해 동일한 개수의 H-pile이 적용된 일열 H-pile 흙막이에 비해서 IER 공법의 수평변위가 70.9% 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 IER 공법을 연약점토지반에 적용하면 높은 수평변위억제효과로 인해 지반의 안정성은 상당히 많이 증대될 것으로 판단된다. 또, 점토지반에서의 수평변위억제방법으로 전면지주의 근입부에 DCM보강을 제안하여, 수치해석을 통해 DCM 최적의 보강위치를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 굴착저면에서 전면지주의 근입부의 중간지점까지 DCM 보강하는 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 축소모형실험을 통하여 편토압 및 측압이 터널 거동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 모형실험 결과의 타당성은 수치해석을 통하여 검토하였다. 터널에 작용하는 편토압을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안으로 편향 배치된 지보구조를 제안하고 이 방안의 적용성을 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 편향 배치된 지보구조를 적용함으로서 발생되는 변위가 전체적으로 줄어들었고, 초기 균열이 발생되는 하중도 증가되었다. 또한 터널의 안정성에 크게 문제가 되는 최대 편압 수직하중 역시 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 터널에 작용하는 측압의 영향을 검토한 결과, 측압계수의 변화에 따라 변위 발생 양상 및 균열 발생 양상이 매우 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 안정성 측면에서 취약점을 나타내는 부분도 변화함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 일체식 교대 교량의 장대화 및 내진성능 향상을 위해 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 교대-H형 강말뚝 연결부의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 기존의 연결부의 균열형상을 파악하고, 이를 기반으로 새로운 형태의 연결부를 제안하기 위하여 철근을 활용하여 강성을 증가시키는 방법과 강말뚝의 형상을 개선하여 연성을 개선시키는 방법을 모색하였다. 먼저, 기존 연결부의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 연결부 주변에 PennDOT에 규정된 철근상세와 나선철근의 배치와 HSS 튜브를 사용하였으나, PennDOT의 철근 상세와 HSS 튜브는 연결부의 성능을 향상시키지 못 했으나, 나선철근은 균열을 효과적으로 차단시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만, 철근의 구속효과로 인해 강말뚝의 저항력이 변위에 선형적으로 비례하여 증가하므로 교량의 상부구조에 축력을 발생시키는 효과를 가져왔다. 따라서, 강말뚝의 형상을 개선하기 위하여 콘크리트 교대에 매입된 부분의 플랜지를 제거하는 방법과 콘크리트 외부에서 플랜지의 폭을 축소시키는 형태를 검토하였다. 두 가지 방안 모두 균열을 억제하는데 효과적인 방법이었으나, 플랜지를 제거하는 쪽의 연결부가 더욱 효과적이었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2006

The major objective of this study is to investigate the effects and application of external post-tensioning method far steel plate girder bridge. It analyzed the mechanical behaviors of steel plate girder bridge with applying external post-tensioning on the finite element analysis, field test and laboratory test fur the lateral dynamic characteristics. As a result, the reinforcement of steel plate girder bridge the external post-tensioning method are obviously effective for the lateral dynamic response which is non-reinforced. The analytical and experimental study are carried out to investigate the post-tension force decrease lateral acceleration and deflection on steel plate girder bridge for serviceability. And the external post-tensioning method reduce dynamic maximum displacement(about $10{\sim}24%$), the increase of dynamic safety is predicted by adopting external post-tensioning method. From the dynamic test results of the servicing steel plate girder bridge, it is investigated that the change degree of natural frequency is very low with applying the external post-tensioning method The servicing steel plate girder bridge with external post-tensioning has need of the reasonable reinforcement measures which could be reducing the effect of lateral dynamic behavior that degradation phenomenon of structure by an unusual response characteristic and a drop durability.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1999

스크류잭은 스트러트에 충분한 선행하중을 가할 수 없기 때문에 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법은 주변지반의 변위를 억제하는데 효과적이지 못하다. 따라서 버팀 굴착시 주변지반의 과도한 변형을 방지하기 위하여 새로운 선행하중잭을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 새로 개발된 선행하중잭과 그 장치를 이용하여 시공한 현장 중 3곳에서 측정한 흙막이벽체의 수평변위에 대한 결과를 소개하였다 현장에서 계측한 결과에 의하면 흙막이벽체의 최대수평변위는 굴착심도의 0.15% 이내로, 스트러트에 가해지는 선행하중에 의하여 최소화될 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 경제성 분석을 위하여 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법과 버팀대 선행하중공법에 의한 공비와 공기를 비교한 결과 버팀대 선행하중공법이 공사비와 공사기간의 단축에도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.