• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제74권
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances. Article 38 lays down a fundamental principle that requires the buyer to examine quickly the goods delivered by the seller. Article 38 (1) provides that the examination be made within as short a period as practicable in the circumstances. The goods have to be examined within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances. The rule is based on the fundamental idea of reasonableness, meaning that the buyer must examine the goods as soon as reasonably possible. It may be said that the buyer should act reasonably fast. Article 38 (2), (3) concerns sales involving carriage of the goods, where the seller's obligation to deliver consists in handing the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. In this case the buyer is generally able to examine the goods only after they have come to destination. Article 38 (3) takes into account the case where the buyer redirects the goods in transit or re-dispatches them to another destination. Redirection in transit occurs when the destination is changed before the goods are received by the buyer. The buyer could re-dispatch the goods without having them unloaded, or re-dispatch them through another carrier.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4919-4923
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the top cancer in women worldwide and its incidence is increasing, particularly in developing countries. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), many cases are first diagnosed in later stages and at younger age compared to those seen in developed countries. Early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. Performance of breast self examination is one of the important steps for identifying breast disease at an early stage, by the woman herself. No information has hitherto been available about the frequency of this practice among female university students in UAE or about their breast cancer risk perception and therefore the present study was conducted in Ajman. It was found that 22.7% of the participants practiced BSE but only 3% of them practiced BSE monthly. Marital status but not age as significantly associated with age likelihood. The most frequent reported barriers for BSE were lack of knowledge, considering oneself not at risk and the absence of doctor advice. These factors need to be taken into account in intervention efforts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1535-1538
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• 2015

Background: The objectives of the study were to: 1) determine the frequency of incidental malignancy in unsuspected/grossly normal looking gall bladders; 2) determine the frequency of malignancy in suspected/grossly abnormal looking gall bladders. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, during a four year period (Jan 2009-dec2012). All the cholecystectomy cases performed for gallstone diseases were examined initially by a surgeon and later on by a pathologist for macroscopic abnormalities and accordingly assigned to one of the three categories i.e. grossly normal, suspicious, abnormal/malignant. Frequency of incidental carcinoma in these categories was observed after receiving the final histopathology report. Results: A total of 426 patients underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, with a 1:4 male: female ratio. Mean age of the patients was 45 years with a range of 17-80 years. The frequency of incidental gallbladder carcinoma was found to be 0.70 %(n=3). All the cases of gallbladder carcinoma were associated with some macroscopic abnormality. Not a single case of incidental carcinoma gallbladder was diagnosed in 383 'macroscopically normal looking' gallbladders. Conclusions: Incidental finding of gall bladder cancer was not observed in any of macroscopically normal looking gall bladders and all the cases reported as carcinoma gallbladder had some gross abnormality that made them suspicious. We suggest histopathologic examination of only those gall bladders with some gross abnormality.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education between at education and three months. Method: The study subjects were consisted of 30 women chosen from those in a Catholic church in Seoul. The data was collected by using questionnare at two different times: immediately after the BSE education and 3 momths after. Result: At three months, women who performed BSE was 50.0% and the number of BSE practce was 2.53. There was statistically significant change on the score of the knowledge, barrier and practice between at education and three months later. Susceptibility was increased after three month, but wasn't significant different. Confidence, motivation after three months were decreased from the time of initial BSE education and wasn't significantly changed. It was found that motivation about BSE explained 44.2% of variance. Conclusion: The findings showed that the knowledge of BSE, and attitudes and practice were change between at the time of the first survey and at three months. Therefore, the intensive education about BSE can be effective to enhance women's health belief and practice to perform BSE for early detection of breast cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

We report a case of intraocular gnathostomiasis diagnosed by western blot assay in a patient with subretinal tracks. A 15-year-old male patient complained of blurred vision in the right eye, lasting for 2 weeks. Eight months earlier, he had traveled to Vietnam for 1 week and ate raw wild boar meat and lobster. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and anterior chamber examination revealed no abnormalities. Fundus examination showed subretinal tracks in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography showed linear hyperfluorescence of the subretinal lesion observed on fundus in the right eye. Ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. Blood tests indicated mild eosinophilia (7.5%), and there was no abnormality found by systemic examinations. Two years later, the patient visited our department again for ophthalmologic evaluation. Visual acuity remained 20/20 in both eyes and the subretinal tracks in the right eye had not changed since the previous examination. Serologic examination was performed to provide a more accurate diagnosis, and the patient's serum reacted strongly to the $Gnathostoma$ $nipponicum$ antigen by western blot assay, which led to a diagnosis of intraocular gnathostomiasis. This is the first reported case of intraocular gnathostomiasis with subretinal tracks confirmed serologically using western blot in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2007

The workflow, one of core features for modern business operation, models common elements and their relationships in business processes. The research is focused on how to adapt the workflow model to the healthcare examination which becomes popular these days. Especially, we intend to have fully automated process for healthcare examination by providing customers with PDA with RFTD chip. In order to realize this goal, this paper proposes the design of software architectures the class structures, and the definition of messages used for the system interactions. In other word, the paper shows the analysis of healthcare application in terms of service scenario and the design of workflow engine ant ubiquitous healthcare application under the Object-Oriented programming environment. the The result of the study may also enable the unmanned healthcare examination as well as ubiquitous based healcare examination sooner or later.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.841-849
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• 2010

Objectives : This purpose of this study was to examine worker's Dental care utilization patterns and its related factors, to prepare basic data for oral health promotion of workers. Methods : The study subject were 1016 industrial workers from7 working places in Gyung-Sang-Buk Do and Daegu-City. Data for this study was obtained by self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of general characteristics, yes or no of dental care utilization before six month, purpose of visit, yes or no of dental disease form the results of dental examination screening before one years, yes or no of and patterns dental care utilization of workers with dental disease, etc. The data was utilized using frequency test and $x^2-test$. Results : Rate of dental care utilization was 40% within six month last, among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that higher age, married state, bad oral health state, high Work period. Rate of dental disease as a result of their dental examination last was 53.1% among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that enough economic state, bad oral health state, blue collar work type. Dental care utilization's rate of dental disease as a result of their dental examination last was 48.6% among the general characteristics, it were statistically significant that Enough economic state, higher age, married state, high Work period. Conclusions : In order to promote workers of abnormal opinions to take the medical treatment on their dental diseases later dental examination, it is necessary to educate them consistently for the importance of early medical treatment.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-95
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• 2002

1. As a point at issue of occidental medicine examination, followings have been indicated, 1) Occidental medical examination is performed by mainly test and instrument and therefore, role of doctors could be excluded and it could be diagnosed only for target disease and 2) in Korea, it could not be conducted in public medical system and therefore improvement effect of public health promotion could not be made due to increase of total medical expenses and infirmity of post management. These points are substantial limit of paradigm resided in occidental medicine and also problem caused by unique characteristics of medical system of Korea. In Korea, result of occidental medical examination show increased health risk from aged thirties and major diagnosed diseases are circulatory disease or chronic disease such as hepatic, hyperlipemic, hypertensional disease and diabetes, etc. Accounting that those chronic disease make a role as major public health risk, it is difficult that medical examination by only occidental medicine make effect on public health promotion. 2. Characteristics of oriental medicine examination could be summarized as diagnosis (information acquisition based on the facts) and demonstration (speculation based on acquired information) and in addition, quadruple diagnosis, as a medical examination method, include test as well as basic examination. Accounting on oriental medical examination, principally it is performed by independent herbalist and therefore, herbalist could acquire systemic result during first medical examination. Based on the theory of inner-outer examination, oriental medical examination has a principle of universe theory, systemic analysis of quadruple diagnosis, demonstration & reasoning. In addition, root of oriental medical examination could be found in pre-disease theory, a principal theory of oriental medicine. Pre-disease service could prove the advantage of oriental medicine in medical examination activities and therefore, it is needed that content of oriental medical examination should be actualized in current medical system. 3. In this study, oriental medical examination program, comprised of pulse-diagnosis, contrast muscular taking and medical consultation of herbalist is progressed communally with occidental medical examination. As pre-examination, questionary was given of general characteristics, health promoting life style, physical constitution and subjective symptom of musculoskeletal system. In addition, post-examination notification was given to subjects about health promoting control, physical constitution regimen and management of musculoskeletal system. During this study program, verification was conducted for input of acquired information and difference of each information after analysis and in addition, performed was analysis of factor influencing health promoting life style and musculoskeletal subjective symptom and evaluation of relationship of physical constitution and health promoting life study. In addition, it was verified of difference between musculoskeletal subjective symptom and result of muscle contrast picture evaluation. 4. Evaluation of oriental medical examination model is divided into 2 categories of oriental medical examination-consultation and result evaluation -post management. Oriental medical examination-consultation demands establishment of examination system, standardization of examination and establishment of examination form and in addition, it should be admitted as enlarged examination assists systemic quadruple diagnosis of herbalist not a key of oriental medical examination. In addition, information acquisition for research purpose should be performed according to the systemic research plan based on the separation of questionary for examination purpose and research purpose. For evaluation of the result, it was concluded that needed are result evaluation meets oriental medical system and post-notification system, informing health management information, based on examination result. 5. Accounting on satisfaction for oriental medical examination model, affirmative reply was much higher (66%) than negative (8.64%). Satisfaction of each area was in order of consultation of herbalist, systemic muscle contrast taking, pulse examination, post-notification and questionary fill-up and dissatisfaction was in order of post-notification, questionary fill-up, consultation of herbalist, systemic muscle contrast taking and pulse measurement. Satisfaction for collaborative examination of occidental and oriental medicine was over 60% and over 75% hope oriental examination would be included in later medical examination program. Based on this result, collaborative examination including occidental and oriental medicine could increase satisfaction of subjects for medical examination program.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

Purpose: The non-carious cervical lesion(NCCL) is a loss of tooth structure at the neck of affected teeth that is unrelated to tooth caries. The reported prevalence of NCCL varies from 5% to 85%. Prevalence and severity of lesions have been found to increase with age. They are becoming more significant as people live longer and become more aware of the importance of oral health. The purposes of this study were first, to examine the periodontal conditions associated with NCCL, and second, to investigate the clinical effects of class V restorations of NCCL on periodontal tissues. Materials and methods: The sample size was 982 teeth of 50 subjects(25 male, mean age $52{\pm}7$) who were seen at the Department of Periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. At the baseline examination, clinical periodontal parameters were measured. After the initial examination, 24 patients who were absent from hypersensitivity were selected. The teeth with NCCL were randomly divided into the test and control groups. The teeth in the test group were restored with flowable resin; the control teeth were not restored. Six months later, the clinical examinations were repeated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The results were as follows: 1) NCCL occurred on 45.8% of examined teeth. The percentage of affected teeth was higher in maxillary and premolar teeth. 2) The shallow saucer type was the most common. 3) Teeth with NCCL had more gingival recession, lower attachment level, and higher incidences of bleeding on probing(BOP) and plaque than NCCL-free teeth. 4) Six months later, gingival recession, attachment level, the percentages of BOP and plaque in the test group were lower than in the control group(p<0.05). Conclusion: NCCLs were more found in maxillary teeth, especially in premolar teeth. The results suggest that the restoration of NCCL could affect some periodontal parameters favorably.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the association between the sleep pattern, chronotype (midpoint of sleep on free days) and the depressive symptoms in adults aged 19 years and over in Korea. This study also investigated the mediating effect of perceived usual stress (PUS) and self-rated health (SRH) on the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Methods Among the subjects of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018, 16142 adults aged 19 or over responded to the survey and finally 8604 were analyzed according to the exclusion conditions. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the risk of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation over sleep pattern, chronotype. Finally, mediation analysis was performed in order to clarify how PUS and SRH are associated to chronoytpe and depression. Results After controlling for potential covariates, weekly sleep duration < 5 hours, ≥ 10 hours was associated with depressive symptoms. And late bed time sleeping after am 1:00 and later midpoints of sleep was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms. Additionally, the PUS and SRH between chronotype and depressive symptoms showed a serial multiple mediation effect. Conclusions Short or long sleep duration, late bed time and later midpoints of sleep on free days are associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mechanism between chronotype and depressive symptoms needs to be further clarified by identifying the serial multiple mediation effects of PUS and SRH.