• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-95
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• 2007

This paper attempts to identify the principle of family succession and family patterns of yangban in the late Chosun period through an analysis of male adaptation cases found in family registration records. The primary source of analysis is the family registration documents of Uiseong Kim's from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. As a result, it is found that there is a substantial change in the patterns of family from the early and mid Chosun period to the late Chosun period. The change is the strengthening of the principle of patriarchy succession through male adoption. Looking at the data as a whole, the average number of household members is increased and the membership of kinship also expanded. In contrast to the family patterns of the early Chosun period, not only the patterns of Uiseong Kim's family are predominately immediate family or collateral family but also the majority is extended family in the 18th and 19th centuries. The male adoption cases recorded in Uiseong Kim's family registration documents take up 33.8% of the male adoption cases in the entire family registration documents. This goes to show that the strengthening of the principle of primogeniture succession at a time when child mortality rate is very high resulted in the increase of male adoption. In conclusion, the late Chosun society was a society where the seat of primogeniture was much more important than immediate hereditary members in the family succession.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.1 s.176
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

To properly interpret and define climatic warming trends of the last $100\~150$ years.; climatic changes over the past several centuries must be constrained. High resolution surface air temperatures (SATs) to reconstruct global temperature trends extend back only to the late of 19th century. Fortunately, on long time scale and over large areas, ground surface temperatures (GSTs) track SATs. GST changes penetrate into the subsurface and are recorded as transient temperature perturbation. Therefore, borehole temperatures can be used to recover climate change over the last millennium in an area; paleoclimate change inferred from borehole temperatures can be used to interpret global warming over the last century, little ice age, and medieval warm period.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Beginning in the late 19th century, construction of skyscrapers spread throughout Chicago, New York City, and then the world as demand of space in buildings and increase of cost of land. With this change curtain wall systems have evolved to be more visually complex; these unique profiles of the skyscraper became powerful images and symbols of our cities. A curtain wall is defined as usually aluminum-framed wall containing in-fills of glass and metal panels. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

The problem of defining the relationship between interior space and exterior envelope of a building has long been a challenging task in the field of architecture throughout its history. This research chronologically reviews some of the important turning points in various schools of thoughts concerning construction of exterior envelope, with focus on how they influenced and altered the formation of our interior environment. This research also stipulates on how technological advance in the late 20th century laid grounds for a new type of interior-exterior relations in architecture through creation of flexible and ambiguous boundary conditions. The focus of this qualitative research will be on contemporary works of Japanese architects Toyo Ito, SANAA, and related group of architects who address the issues of transparency, flexible interior layout, buffer zones, structural facade, and neutralized (homogeneous) space that produces spatial quality of non-linear, non-hierarchical, and de-materialized space as a direct alternative to modern principles of space making.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.169-175
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• 2000

Since the late 19th Century, modern architecture of definite figure and form shared similar concepts on space and from with the abstract art, pursuing the geometric purity and the abstraction. So the reductive approach had been taken in modern architecture as well as on modern art. The 1960 minimal art had experimented an extreme reduction with the cubic forms and the plane canvases, embodying so called minimal-art content, it was just another version of modernism art interpreted by the extreme reduction. The reduction is a characteristics of modernism adopted in every art field, including architecture. Not from the apparent, but from the essential quality of architectural form, figure and space resulting from the reductive approach, a building in this trend schould be judged and appreciated. In many aspects, Korean traditional architecture has been shown the characteristics of Minimal Architecture. With these points of view, this study analyzes characteristics of Korean traditional architecture with above contents through the form and space.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2018

Tall buildings which began from about 40 m tall office towers in the late $19^{th}$ century have evolved into mixed-use megatall towers over 800 m. It is expected that even mile-high towers will soon no longer be a dream. Structural systems have always been one of the most fundamental technologies for the dramatic developments of tall buildings. This paper presents structural systems employed for the world's tallest buildings of different periods since the emergence of supertall buildings in the early 1930s. Further, structural systems used for today's extremely tall buildings over 500 m, such as core-outrigger, braced mega-tube, mixed, and buttressed core systems, are reviewed and their performances are studied. Finally, this paper investigates the potential of superframed conjoined towers as a viable structural and architectural solution for mile-high and even taller towers in the future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

Reaseach efforts regarding the handicap system for the fair determination of the ranking of yacht racing for various sizes have started in the end of 19th century led by Europe and America.The development of the handicap system started in 1952 as inshore and offshore races began. A simple empirical handicap system has been selected by IOR and IMS rule in mid 70's, and more advanced technique based on theoretical and computer simulation has been selected in late 70's by IMS rule. While each techniques have relative merits, it is found that the simple empirical handicap system is more effective than the advanced technique in term of reliability and easiness of use as more racing records are accumulated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.737-745
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• 2009

Since it's introduction in the late 19 century, the railway has taken an important role as people's feet and has conducted a stable management due to it's exclusive position for a long time. However, the competitions with other transportation devices such as cars and airlines are making it's previous position more or less weaker. In 1998, celebrating 100th anniversary, Korea Railway established the Customer Satisfaction Service Charter for the purpose of overcoming this competitive weakness, and as well to enhance it's service quality. The main purpose of this article is to depict and review the effectiveness of Customer Satisfaction Service Charter that has been adapted for a decade, and to suggest some effective supporting system that can make the charter to function more efficiently, and that would lead to the better realization of customer satisfaction service.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

The emergence of tall buildings in the late $19^{th}$ century was possible by using new materials and separating the role of structures and that of non-structural walls from the traditional load-bearing walls that acted as both. The role of structures is more important in tall buildings than in any other building type due to the "premium for height". Among the walls freed from their structural roles, façades are of conspicuous importance as building identifiers, significant definers of building aesthetics, and environmental mediators. This paper studies dynamic interrelationship between the evolution of tall building structural systems and façade design, beginning from the early tall buildings of skeletal structures with primitive curtainwalls to the recent supertall buildings of various tubular and outrigger structures with more advanced contemporary curtainwalls.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

Various materials related the names of objects were published in the late Joseon Dynasty. The medicine-related vocabulary contained in these data is important data for examining the practice of medicine at the time. Jaemulbo (Genealogy of talent and things) is a document on the names of things written by Lee Man-young in 1798. Through this study, the medical vocabulary in Jaemulbo was broadly investigated and analyzed and the following claims are made: 1. Jaemulbo provides a wealth of information on the medical terminology used in the 19th century. 2. The selection of medical vocabulary included was made according to the purpose of tools such as cultured books and dictionaries. 3. Jaemulbo is an example of using Jingyuequanshu (Whole book of Jingyue) before 1790. 4. Jaemulbo reflects the experience and knowledge of pharmacology after Donguibogam.