• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2021

A cylindrical microlens (CML) has been widely used as an optical element for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light diffusers, image sensors, 3D imaging, etc. To fabricate high-performance optoelectronic devices, the CML with high aspect ratio is demanded. In this work, we report on facile solution-based processes (i.e., slot-die and needle coatings) to fabricate the CML using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). It is found that compared with needle coating, slot-die coating provides the CML with lower aspect ratio due to the wide spread of solution along the hydrophilic head lip. Although needle coating provides the CML with high aspect ratio, it requires a high precision needle array module. To demonstrate that the aspect ratio of CML can be enhanced using slot-die coating, we have varied the molecular weight of PMMA. We can achieve the CML with higher aspect ratio using PMMA with lower molecular weight at a fixed viscosity because of the higher concentration of PMMA solute in the solution. We have also shown that the aspect ratio of CML can be further boosted by coating it repeatedly. With this scheme, we have fabricated the CML with the width of 252 ㎛ and the thickness of 5.95 ㎛ (aspect ratio=0.024). To visualize its light diffusion property, we have irradiated a laser beam to the CML and observed that the laser beam spreads widely in the vertical direction of the CML.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.187-192
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• 2019

In this paper a pump combiner, a key component of a high-power fiber laser, was fabricated, and its output characteristics measured using a high-power performance measuring instrument. The $(18+1){\times}1$ pump combiner consists of an optical-fiber bundle of one signal fiber and 18 pump fibers, an output optical fiber, and housing. The signal and output fibers were fabricated using polarization-maintaining optical fiber. By measuring the loss of signal light along the tapering length of the optical-fiber bundle, the tapering length was optimized to 18 mm. Signal-light insertion loss, pump-light transmittance, and polarization extinction ratio of the fabricated $(18+1){\times}1$ pump combiner were measured as 6.5%, 98.07%, and 18.0 dB respectively. The temperature distribution of the pump combiner, at a high power of 2 kW using 18 pump laser diodes, was measured and analyzed using a thermal-imaging camera.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.192.2-192.2
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 사파이어 기판 표면에 레이저 처리를 통해 격자 구조(레이저 격자 구조)를 제작하고 InGaN/GaN 발광다이오드(Light-Emitting Diodes, LED) 박막을 성장 한 시료에서 Bowing 특성 변화를 논의한다. 그리고 Bowing 정도에 따른 InGaN/GaN LED의 광학 및 전기적 특성을 Photoluminescence (PL)와 Electroluminescence (EL) Mapping 법을 이용하여 상호 비교 분석하였다. 2-인치 사파이어 기판 상에 레이저 격자 구조의 간격은 1 mm (GS1-LED), 2 mm (GS2-LED), 3 mm (GS3-LED) 로 제작하였으며, 격자 구조가 없는 LED를 기준 시료(C-LED)로 사용하였다. GS1-LED, GS2-LED, GS3-LED의 Bowing 정도는 C-LED 대비 각각 8%, 7.6%, 6.4% 감소하였다. PL Mapping 결과, GS-LED의 발광 파장의 분포 균일도가 C-LED 보다 개선되는 것을 확인하였고, 파장이 C-LED 대비 단파장으로 이동하였다. 또한, GS-LED시료의 PL 강도는 C-LED보다 증가하였고, 특히 GS2-LED의 PL 강도는 C-LED 대비 6.9% 증가 하였다. EL mapping 결과, GS-LED 발광 파장의 분포 균일도는 PL 결과와 유사하게 측정되었으며, 2인치 기판 전체 면적에 대한 GS-LED의 주요 동작전압 및 출력 전력 수율이 C-LED대비 현저히 개선되었다. 사파이어 기판 표면에 제작한 레이저 격자 구조에 따른 InGaN/GaN LED의 광학적, 전기적 특성을 Bowing의 개선과 응력 완화 현상으로 논의 할 예정이다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 1999

A frequency domain spectroscopic system was constructed to investigate the optical properties of multiple scattering media. The alternating current (AC) and phase lag components of backscattered light were measured by using the heterodyne detection method. Absorption and transport scattering coefficients were computed from the values based on diffusion theory. Predictions showed excellent matches in comparison with actual values of absorption and scattering. Predictable ranges of the optical coefficients were analyzed in terms of the distance between light source and detector, and modulation frequencies. A proposed compact experimental set-up using laser diodes can be utilized to estimate non-invasively the optical properties of multiple scattering media such as biological tissues.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.96-97
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• 2000

Incoherent broadband optical sources have been applied in various areas such as a light source for optical device characterization, fiber-optic gyroscopes$^{(1)}$ , and spectrum sliced light source in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system$^{(2)}$ . To utilize the inherent low loss in silica optical fibers, various types of incoherent light sources are being developed. Among the light sources, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a rare earth doped fiber has benefits in temperature stability, high output power, low polarization dependence over semiconductor diodes$^{(3)}$ . Recently erbium doped fibers (EDF) have been intensively researched for ASE sources as well as optical amplifiers$^{(4)}$ . The spectrum of ASE from an EDF, however, is limited in the 1520~1560 nm range in conventional configurations. In this letter we described a new broadband ASE source which included both the conventional ASE band of Er$^{3+}$ ion, 1520nm~1560nm and ASE band from Tm$^{3+}$ ions that extends the bandwidth further. For the first time, to the best knowledge of authors, a fiber ASE source based on the energy transfer between Er$^{3+}$ and Tm$^{3+}$ ions in the range of 1460~1550 nm, has been demonstrated using a single 980nm pump laser diode. (omitted)omitted)

• ETRI Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2002

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for C- and L-bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on-off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three-wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C-band and 34 nm for L-band. After analyzing the conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier analysis in C-band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2037-2042
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• 2014

Three methods for gain saturation tone application were compared for optical wavelength division multiplexing transmission using more than 32 channels. The methods are to use high power distributed feedback laser diodes, to use amplified light sources, and lastly to use one saturation tone and several WDM light sources. 1532.3 nm, 1545.7 nm, and 1558.2 nm for the wavelength dependency of the saturation tone were also compared. As a result, the effect of amplified spontaneous emission noise caused by an amplifier was very slight. long wavelength for a saturation tone caused 1 dB gain reduction and its reason was analyzed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2018

Extremely fine particles seriously affect people and are becoming a social problem. Conventional methods using the type of beta ray absorption are difficult to have real-time measurements and miniaturization for the acquisition of fine dust. In this paper, a light scattering method was used. The sensors were configured internally with semiconductor laser diodes for miniaturization, low cost and lightweight. The use of the FFT method makes it easier to separate fine dust according to size compared to conventional light scattering sensors. Bluetooth communication also allows the connection, monitoring and control of devices using smart phones.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the concentration of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), which is an indicator in the management of accurate blood glucose level in diabetic patients, using a non-invasive optical property measurement method. To measure the optical properties of HbA1c, the optical source uses LEDs and laser diodes of 400 nm in the visible region and 1450 nm in the nearinfrared region using thermopile to detect the Raman scattering intensity. An HbA1c control solution was used. As a result, the optical properties of 5% (normal) and 9% (abnormal) HbA1c control solutions showed specificity in which the output values were reversed at 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively. This property was applied to distinguish between normal and abnormal values in diabetes. In addition, considering tissue penetration depths for non-invasive measurements, two wavelengths were determined to be effective in distinguishing the concentrations of HbA1c control solutions at 5%, 7%, and 9%.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.81-90
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• 2019

The data rate for transmission through fiber-optic cables has increased to 400 Gbps in single-wavelength channels. However, speeds up to 1 Tbps are required now to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth demand driven by the diverse requirements of contemporary applications for high-quality on-demand video streaming, cloud services, various social media, and emerging 5G-enabled applications. Because the data rates of the per-channel optical interfaces depend strongly on the operational speed of the optoelectronic devices used in optical transceivers, ultrahigh-speed photonic devices and components, and eventually, chip-level transmitter and receiver technologies, are essentially required to realize futuristic optical transceivers with data rates of 1 Tbps and beyond. In this paper, we review the recent progress achieved in high-speed optoelectronic devices, such as laser diodes, optical modulators, photodiodes, and the transmitter-receiver optical subassembly for optical transceivers in data centers and in metro/long-haul transmission.