• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

An in vitro cell study evaluating cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite (HA) coated prosthetic Ti-6Al-4V alloy via laser treatment is presented in comparison with uncoated alloy. Based on our previous in vitro biocompatibility study, which demonstrated higher cell attachment and proliferation with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells, the present investigation aims to reveal the effect of laser coating Ti alloy with HA on the adhesion strength of bone-forming cells against centrifugal forces. Remaining cells on different substrates after centrifugation were visualized using fluorescent staining. Semi-quantifications on the numbers of cells were conducted based on fluorescent images, which demonstrated higher numbers of cells retained on HA laser treated substrates post centrifugation. The results indicate potential increase in the normalized maximum force required to displace cells from HA coated surfaces versus uncoated control surface. The possible mechanisms that govern the enhancing effect were discussed, including surface roughness, chemistry, wettability, and protein adsorption. The improvement in cell adhesion through laser treatment with a biomimetic coating could be useful in reducing tissue damage at the prosthetic to bone junction and minimizing the loosening of prosthetics over time.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.674-678
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• 2013

We present a non-invasive technique to the measure temperature distribution in nano-sized porous thin films by means of the two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2-LIF) of rhodamine B. The fluorescence induced by the green line of a mercury lamp with the makeup of optical filters was measured on two separate color bands. They can be selected for their strong difference in the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence quantum yield. This technique allows for absolute temperature measurements by determining the relative intensities on two adequate spectral bands of the same dye. To measure temperature fields, Silica (SiO2) nanoporous structure with 1-um thickness was constructed on a cover glass, and fluorescent dye was absorbed into these porous thin films. The calibration curves of the fluorescence intensity versus temperature were measured in a temperature range of $10-60^{\circ}C$, and visualization and measurement of the temperature field were performed by taking the intensity distributions from the specimen for the temperature field.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2421-2423
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduced a LIF measurement method and summarized the theoretical side. When an altered wavelength of laser and electric power, lamp applied electric power, we measured the relative density of the metastable state in mercury after observing a laser induced fluorescence signal of 404.8nm and 546.2nm, and confirmed the horizontal distribution of plasma density in the discharge lamp. The results confirmed the resonance phenomenon regarding the energy level of atoms along a wavelength change, and also confirmed that the largest fluorescent signal in 436nm, and that the density of atoms in 546.2nm $(6^3S_1{\rightarrow }6^3P_2)$ were larger than 404.8nm $(6^3S_1{\rightarrow}6^3P_1)$. According to the increase of lamp applied electric power, plasma density increased, too. When increased with laser electric power, the LIF signal reached a saturation state in more than 2.6mJ. When partial plasma density distribution along a horizontal axis was measured using the laser induced fluorescence method, the density decreased by recombination away from the center.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.463-468
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• 2017

For transdermal drug delivery, needless injection system is composed of laser and microjet injector. Main mechanism of microjet injector is the laser-induced bubble. Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser are used as a power source. Laser parameters such as pulse duration and wavelength are considered, which are core parameters to control the bubble motion. The Nd:YAG laser, pulse duration is short than bubble life time making cavitation like bubble while in Er:YAG laser, long pulse duration and high absorption in water drive bubble as a boiling bubble. Detailed motion of bubble and microjet is captured by the high speed camera. So it is observed that microjet characteristics are determined by the bubble behavior. The performance of drug delivery system is evaluated by fluorescent staining of guinea pig skin.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.213-217
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduced a LIF measurement method and summarized the theoretical side. When an altered wavelength of laser and electric power, lamp applied electric power, we measured the relative density of the metastable state in mercury after observing a laser induced fluorescence signal of 404.8nm and 546.2nm, and confirmed the horizontal distribution of plasma density in the discharge lamp. Due to this generation, the extinction of atoms in a metastable state occurred through collision, ionization, and excitation between plasma particles. The density and distribution of the metastable state depended on the energy and density of plasma particles, intensely This highlights the importance of measuring density distribution in plasma electric discharge mechanism study The results confirmed the resonance phenomenon regarding the energy level of atoms along a wavelength change, and also confirmed that the largest fluorescent signal in 436nm, and that the density of atoms in 546.2nm ($6^3S_1 {\to} 6^3P_2$ ) were larger than 404.8nm ($6^3S_1 {\to} 6^3P_1$). According to the increase of lamp applied electric power, plasma density increased, too. When increased with laser electric power, the LIF signal reached a saturation state in more than 2.6mJ. When partial plasma density distribution along a horizontal axis was measured using the laser induced fluorescence method, the density decreased by recombination away from the center.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.220-222
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• 2005

We can classify two cases in a way to observe an atom of gas state or a molecule using the laser. First case is way to use dispersion phenomenon like Rayleigh scattering, Thomson scattering, Mie scattering, Raman Scattering. And Second case is a way to use change phenomenon like a LAS (Laser Absorption Spectroscopy), LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescent). In this paper, we have measured the meta-stable density and the distribution by using a LAS method in Xe discharge lamp. The laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is useful to investigate the behavior of such species. The xenon atoms in the $1S_4$ and $1S_5$ generate excited $Xe^*$(147nm) and $Xe_{2}^*$(173nm) dimers in Xe plasma. It is found that the intensity of VUV 147nm emission is proportional to that of the IR 828nm emission, and the VUV 173nm emission is roughly proportional to that of the IR 823nm emission. The laser is used CW laser that consist of AlGaAs semiconductor and energy level is used 823.16nm wavelength. We measured signal of monochrometer from the lamp center while will change a discharge electric current by 6mA in 3mA and calculated meta-stable state density of a xenon atom through a measured value.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2195-2199
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• 2007

We demonstrate that high-resolution (~60 nm) near-field fluorescence images of fluorescent nanospheres can be obtained by utilizing the tip-induced fluorescence quenching process. A time-stamped photon counting (TSPC) technique employed enables us to efficiently measure the degree of fluorescence quenching caused by the dielectric or metallic atomic force microscopy tip. We find that the degree of quenching is not only determined by the tip-material but also by the local morphology of the tip. The fringe patterns around individual nanospheres observed are explained in terms of the interference between the excitation field that is directly induced by the laser source, and the scattered excitation field from the tip.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1399-1408
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• 2000

A 2-dimensional temperature field measurement technique using PLIF (Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) was developed and it was applied to an axisymmetric buoyant jet. Rhodamine B was used as a fluorescent dye. Laser light sheet illuminated a two-dimensional cross section of the jet. The intensity variations of LIF signal from Rhodamine B molecules scattered by the laser light were captured with an optical filter and a CCD camera. The spatial variations of temperature field of buoyant jet were derived using the calibration data between the LIF signal and real temperature. The measured results show that the turbulent jet is more efficient in mixing compared to the transition and laminar jet flows. As the initial flow condition varies from laminar to turbulent flow, the entrainment from ambient fluid increases and temperature decay along the jet center axis becomes larger. In addition to the mean temperature field, the spatial distributions of temperature fluctuations were measured by the PLIF technique and the result shows the shear layer development from the jet nozzle exit.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various pain states. This study was performed to investigate whether ROS-induced changes in neuronal excitability in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis are related to ROS generation in mitochondria. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to measure ROS-induced fluorescence intensity in live rat trigeminal caudalis slices. The ROS level increased during the perfusion of malate, a mitochondrial substrate, after loading of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate ($H_2DCF-DA$), an indicator of the intracellular ROS; the ROS level recovered to the control condition after washout. When pre-treated with phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidene-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), malate-induced increase of ROS level was suppressed. To identify the direct relation between elevated ROS levels and mitochondria, we applied the malate after double-loading of $H_2DCF-DA$ and chloromethyl-X-rosamine (CMXRos; MitoTracker Red), which is a mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe. As a result, increase of both intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS were observed simultaneously. This study demonstrated that elevated ROS in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neuron can be induced through mitochondrial-ROS pathway, primarily by the leakage of ROS from the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2585-2590
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• 2007

In this paper, a technique of simultaneously measuring the velocity and the temperature in micro-scale flow is proposed. This method uses particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) for measuring the velocity and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for measuring the temperature. To measure the accurate velocity and temperature, images for PTV and for LIF are separated by using two light sources and a shutter which is synchronized with a camera. By using only one camera, measurement system can be simplified and the error from complicate optical system can be minimized. Error analyses regarding the concentrations of fluorescent dye and particle and the light source fluctuation are also conducted. It is found that the error of the temperature and the velocity highly depends on the concentration of fluorescent particles which are used for PTV. This technique is applied to the simultaneous measurement of the velocity and the temperature in the electrokinetic flow. It is found that the velocity and temperature vary with the electric field strength and the concentration of electrolyte.